Mutations in the Crumbs homolog 2 (CRB2) gene cause various autosomal recessive genetic diseases, such as leber congenital amaurosis, retinitis pigmentosa and ventriculomegaly with cystic kidney disease. However, the precise roles of CRB2 in cell fate determination remains unknown. Here, we generated a homozygous CRB2 knockout (CRB2-/-) H1 human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) using CRISPR/Cas9 system. This cell line maintained a normal morphology and karyotype, and expressed the pluripotency makers. Importantly, the cell line has the ability to differentiate into three germ layers. The CRB2-/- hESCs provide valuable resources for studying the mechanisms of genetic diseases caused by CRB2 mutations.

Gene therapy is a groundbreaking strategy in regenerative medicine, enabling precise cellular behavior modulation for tissue repair. In situ nucleic acid delivery systems aim to directly deliver nucleic acids to target cells or tissues to realize localized genetic reprogramming and avoid issues like donor cell dependency and immune rejection. The key to success relies on biomaterial-engineered delivery platforms that ensure tissue-specific targeting and efficient intracellular transport. Viral vectors and non-viral carriers are strategically modified to enhance nucleic acid stability and cellular uptake, and integrate them into injectable or 3D-printed scaffolds. These scaffolds not only control nucleic acid release but also mimic native extracellular microenvironments to support stem cell recruitment and tissue regeneration. This review explores three key aspects: the mechanisms of gene editing in tissue repair; advancements in viral and non-viral vector engineering; and innovations in biomaterial scaffolds, including stimuli-responsive hydrogels and 3D-printed matrices. We evaluate scaffold fabrication methodologies, nucleic acid loading–release kinetics, and their biological impacts. Despite progress in spatiotemporal gene delivery control, challenges remain in balancing vector biocompatibility, manufacturing scalability, and long-term safety. Future research should focus on multifunctional “smart” scaffolds with CRISPR-based editing tools, multi-stimuli responsiveness, and patient-specific designs. This work systematically integrates the latest methodological advances, outlines actionable strategies for future investigations and advances clinical translation perspectives beyond the existing literature.

Mammalian teeth, developing inseparable from epithelial-mesenchymal interaction, come in many shapes and the key factors governing tooth morphology deserve to be answered. By merging single-cell RNA sequencing analysis with lineage tracing models, we have unearthed a captivating correlation between the contrasting morphology of mouse molars and the specific presence of PRX1 + cells within M1. These PRX1 + cells assume a profound responsibility in shaping tooth morphology through a remarkable divergence in dental mesenchymal cell proliferation. Deeper into the mechanisms, we have discovered that Wnt5a , bestowed by mesenchymal PRX1 + cells, stimulates mesenchymal cell proliferation while orchestrating molar morphogenesis through WNT signaling pathway. The loss of Wnt5a exhibits a defect phenotype similar to that of siPrx1. Exogenous addition of WNT5A can successfully reverse the inhibited cell proliferation and consequent deviant appearance exhibited in Prx1 -deficient tooth germs. These findings bestow compelling evidence of PRX1-positive mesenchymal cells to be potential target in regulating tooth morphology.

BACKGROUND. The presence of a ground-glass opacity (GGO) component is a favorable prognostic factor in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), although the prognostic impact of a very small GGO component remains poorly investigated. OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of a minor (<= 10%) GGO component on the prognosis of clinical stage I NSCLC in comparison with pure-sol-id nodules. METHODS. This retrospective study included 382 patients (mean age, 60.8 years; 210 men, 172 women) who underwent surgical resection between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2015, for clinical stage I NSCLC appearing on preoperative chest CT as a nodule with a consolidation-to-tumor ratio (CTR) of 0.9 to 1.0.Two radiologists independently assigned nodules to groups as either minor GGO (CTR, >= 0.9 and < 1.0) or pure solid (CTR = 1.0). Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were assessed by Kaplan-Meier curves and compared between groups using log-rank tests. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess associations with outcomes. RESULTS. The two radiologists agreed for all nodules' classification into the mi-nor-GGO (n = 106) or pure-solid (n = 276) groups. The mean CTR of the minor-GGO group was 0.93 +/- 0.02 (SD) (range, 0.90-0.97). Minor-GGO nodules, in comparison with pure-solid nodules, showed greater solid-component diameter (2.68 vs 2.16 cm; p < .001) and total nodule diameter (2.89 vs 2.16 cm; p < .001). The minor-GGO group, in comparison with the pure-solid group, showed lower frequencies of visceral pleural invasion (6.6% vs 17.0%, p = .009) and pathologic lymph node involvement (4.7% vs 20.3%, p < .001), and EGFR mutation (71.6% vs 39.9%; p < . 0 01).The minor-GGO group, in comparison with the pure-solid group, showed better 5-year RFS (83.4% vs 55.0%; p < .001) and higher frequency of better 5-year CSS (92.4% vs 76.4%, p = .004). In multivariable analysis adjusting for patient, imaging, pathologic, and genetic factors, a mi-nor-GGO component was independently associated with a decreased likelihood of recurrence (HR = 0.37, p = .001) but not with the likelihood of CSS. CONCLUSION. Among patients with clinical stage I NSCLC, cancers with a mi-nor-GGO component were associated with a better prognosis versus those with a pure-solid appearance. CLINICAL IMPACT. Radiologists encountering predominantly solid nodules on CT should carefully assess images for even a minor-GGO component given the favorable prognosis.

Background:The proximal humerus is a common site of osteoporotic fractures, and bone quality is a predictor of surgical reduction quality. Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) is assuming an increasingly important role in the quantification of bone mineral density (BMD) due it is ability to perform three-material decomposition. We aimed to analyze the bone quality and distribution of the proximal humerus with DECT quantitatively. Methods:Sixty-five consecutive patients (average age 49.5±15.2 years; male: female ratio 32:33) without proximal humerus fractures who had undergone DECT were retrospectively selected. The humeral head was divided into 4 regions on a cross section in the medial plane between the greater tuberosity and the surgical neck. The quantitative parameters, including virtual noncalcium (VNCa) value, computed tomography value of calcium (CaCT), computed tomography value of mixed-energy images (regular CT value) (rCT), and relative calcium density (rCaD), were measured. The correlations between the quantitative parameters and age and body mass index (BMI) were analyzed, and the correlations of age, sex, BMI, region of the humeral head, and VNCa value on CaCT were evaluated. Results:The differences in CaCT, rCT, and rCaD between the 4 regions of proximal humerus were statistically significant (P<0.001), while the difference in VNCa values was not (P=0.688). The calcium concentration (CaCT and rCaD) was the densest in the posteromedial zone. The differences of CaCT, rCT, and rCaD between males and females in the 4 regions of proximal humerus were statistically significant (P<0.05), while those of the posterolateral zone were not (rCT; P>0.05). The differences in VNCa values between males and females were also not significant (P>0.05). Multivariable linear regression analysis indicated that sex, age, BMI, regions, and VNCa were significant (P<0.05) predictors of the CaCT value. Conclusions:The concentration of calcium was the densest in the posteromedial region of proximal humerus, and the VNCa value of DECT may be used for quantifying the BMD of the proximal humerus.

PURPOSE:To evaluate the predictive value of a combination model of Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS)-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinicopathologic features to identify atypical hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in LI-RADS category M (LR-M) observations.METHODS:A total of 105 patients with HCC based on surgery or biopsy who underwent preoperative MRI were retrospectively reviewed in the training group from hospital-1 between December 2016 and November 2020. The LI-RADS-based MRI features and clinicopathologic data were compared between LR-M HCC and non-HCC groups. Univariate and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analyses were used to select the features. Binary logistic regression analysis was then conducted to estimate potential predictors of atypical HCC. A predictive nomogram was established based on the combination of MRI and clinicopathologic features and further validated using an independent external set of data from hospital-2.RESULTS:Of 113 observations from 105 patients (mean age, 61 years; 77 men) in the training set, 47 (41.59%) were classified as LR-M HCC. Following multivariate analysis, aspartate aminotransferase >40 U/L [odds ratio (OR): 4.65], alpha-fetoprotein >20 ng/mL (OR: 13.04), surface retraction (OR: 0.16), enhancing capsule (OR: 5.24), blood products in mass (OR: 8.2), and iso/hypoenhancement on delayed phase (OR: 10.26) were found to be independently correlated with LR-M HCC. The corresponding area under the curve for a combined model-based nomogram was 0.95 in the training patients (n = 113) and 0.90 in the validation cohort (n = 53).CONCLUSION:The combined model incorporating clinicopathologic and MRI features demonstrated a satisfactory prediction result for LR-M HCC.

BACKGROUND:Disco-interacting protein 2 homolog B is a member of the Dip2 family encoded by the Dip2b gene. Dip2b is widely expressed in neuro-related tissues and is essential in axonal outgrowth during embryogenesis.METHODS:Dip2b knockout mouse embryonic stem cell line was established by CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology. The commercial kits were utilized to detect cell cycle and growth rate. Flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, and RNA-seq were employed for phenotype and molecular mechanism assessment.RESULTS:Our results suggested that Dip2b is dispensable for the pluripotency maintenance of mESCs. Dip2b knockout could not alter the cell cycle and proliferation of mECSs, or the ability to differentiate into three germ layers in vitro. Furthermore, genes associated with axon guidance, channel activity, and synaptic membrane were significantly downregulated during neural differentiation upon Dip2b knockout.CONCLUSIONS:Our results suggest that Dip2b plays an important role in neural differentiation, which will provide a valuable model for studying the exact mechanisms of Dip2b during neural differentiation.

Introduction: The disconnected-interacting protein 2 homolog A (DIP2A), a member of disconnected-interacting 2 protein family, has been shown to be involved in human nervous system-related mental illness. This protein is highly expressed in the nervous system of mouse. Mutation of mouse DIP2A causes defects in spine morphology and synaptic transmission, autism-like behaviors, and defective social novelty [5,27], indicating that DIP2A is critical to the maintenance of neural development. However, the role of DIP2A in neural differentiation has yet to be investigated. Objective: To determine the role of DIP2A in neural differentiation, a neural differentiation model was established using mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and studied by using gene-knockout technology and RNA-sequencing-based transcriptome analysis. Results: We found that DIP2A is not required for mESCs pluripotency maintenance, but loss of DIP2A causes the neural differentiation abnormalities in both N2B27 and KSR medium. Functional knockout of Dip2a gene also decreased proliferation of mESCs by perturbation of the cell cycle and profoundly inhibited the expression of a large number of neural development-associated genes which mainly enriched in spinal cord development and postsynapse assembly. Conclusions: The results of this report demonstrate that DIP2A plays an essential role in regulating differentiation of mESCs towards the neural fate.

Objectives: To investigate the extent of the left ventricular (LV) diffuse myocardial fibrosis and the association with the degree of impaired myocardial strain in different stages of heart failure.Background: The increased diffuse myocardial fibrosis impairs the LV systolic and diastolic function. Previous studies found that the global longitudinal strain (GLS) impacted survival in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, limited data are available regarding the association between the degree of diffuse myocardial fibrosis and the severity of impaired myocardial strain in HFpEF.Methods: Sixty-six consecutive participants with heart failure (HF), and 15 healthy controls underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) examination. T1 mapping to calculate extracellular volume fractions (ECV) were used to assess diffuse myocardial fibrosis. ECV and myocardial strains were compared among the 3 groups. Associ-ations between these two factors were also explored.Results: The patients with HFpEF showed increased myocardial ECV fractions (32.9 % +/- 3.7 % vs. 29.2 % +/- 2.9 %, p < 0.001) compared with the control group. The patients with HFm + rEF also had increased myocardial ECV fractions (36.8 % +/- 5.4 % vs. 32.9 % +/- 3.7 %, p < 0.001) compared with HFpEF. The myocardial ECV was significantly correlated with the GLS (r = 0.422, p = 0.020), global circumferential strain (GCS) (r = 0.491, p = 0.006), and global radial strain (GRS) (r =-0.533, p = 0.002) in the HFpEF groups, but no significant correlation was found in the HFm + rEF group (GLS: r =-0.002, p = 0.990; GCS: r = 0.153, p = 0.372; GRS: r = 0.070, p = 0.685)Conclusions: In patients with HF, only patients with HFpEF exhibited a significant correlation between increased diffuse myocardial fibrosis and impaired myocardial strain. Diffuse myocardial fibrosis plays a unique role in affecting myocardial strain in patients with HFpEF.

目的 分析基于mDixon-Quant技术对非酒精性脂肪性胰病(non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease,NAF-PD)的磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)诊断.方法 收集作者医院2018-03～09月临床疑似NAFPD而接受上腹部MRI mDixon-Quant序列成像的患者436例,其中女性199例(45.64％),男性237例(54.36％),统计患者年龄、皮下脂肪厚度和腹围检测等临床资料,测量患者mDixon-Quant序列图像信号并计算出胰腺脂肪含量半定量指标质子密度脂肪分数(proton density fat fraction,PDFF),通过Poisson回归分析得到NAFPD流行病学特征.结果 436例胰腺PDFF在3.36％时达到最高,而后逐渐下降.59岁以下女性NAFPD患病率较低,40～49岁时女性NAFPD患病率最低,男性最高,随着年龄的增长,女性NAFPD患病率逐渐升高,男性逐渐降低.胰腺PDFF男、女随年龄变化趋势不一致,均与腹围具有相关性(P＜0.05).结论 mDixon-Quant技术测量胰腺PDFF,患者40岁以后胰腺脂肪含量总体变化趋势存在性别差异.mDixon-Quant技术有望成为一种无创的可以明确胰腺脂肪浸润的诊断方法.

Alcohol is a potent teratogen associated with dysmorphology, growth retardation, and neurological damage in children with the full fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS); alcohol is also associated with growth retardation and behavioral alterations in neonates prenatally exposed to various dosages. Questions remain about the long-term consequences of prenatal alcohol exposure. This study reports on the follow-up of a subsample of 68 children, the majority of whom were low income and black (mean age: 5 years, 10 months) who were first evaluated as neonates. Physical and cognitive outcomes of 25 children of women who drank throughout pregnancy [absolute alcohol (AA)/week: mean = 11.80 oz), even after receiving an educational intervention to stop drinking, were compared with outcomes of children in two contrast groups: a) women (n = 22) who stopped drinking (AA/week: mean = 11.46 oz) in the second trimester after an educational intervention but resumed postpartum; and b) women who did not drink during pregnancy and who drank little postnatally (n = 21). Children were compared for alcohol-related birth defects (ARBDs), growth (height, weight, and head circumference), and cognitive, academic, and adaptive measures. Neonatal and current physical measures were correlated to determine predictability of neonatal status. When the effects of age and gender were controlled, children in the continued-to-drink group showed significantly more ARBDs and had smaller head circumferences than those in the other two groups. When current drinking reported by caretakers was controlled, the children who were exposed throughout pregnancy also showed significant and consistent deficits in several areas of intellectual functioning including sequential processing (short-term memory and encoding) and overall mental processing. Alcohol-exposed children displayed significant deficits in preacademic skills when compared with children of nondrinkers, with both alcohol groups deficient in premath and reading skills. There were no differences in adaptive behavior at follow-up. These data suggest that alcohol exposure throughout pregnancy is correlated with persistent physical differences as well as identifiable deficits in sequential memory processes and specific academic skills. However, even when alcohol use is limited to the first part of pregnancy, significant deficits in academic skills and growth parameters are measurable.

The specific characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and monotherapy always lead to poor therapy effects for tumors. Hereby, we have developed a smart multifunctional theranostic agent-SSMID (Se@SiO2@MnO2-ICG/DOX) nanocomposites (NCs) that could intelligently respond to the TME for enhanced chemotherapy/photothermal/chemodynamic therapy guided by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The SSMID NCs were composed of indocyanine green (ICG) and doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) co-loaded porous Se@SiO2 @MnO2. Under the specific conditions of the TME (slightly acidic, H2O2 and GSH overexpression), the MnO2 NPs were specifically decomposed and then SSMID released Mn2+, DOX and Se, which played roles in chemodynamic therapy (CDT), chemotherapy, protecting normal tissues and inhibiting tumor cells by modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS), respectively. MnO2 reacted with glutathione (GSH) and H(2)O(2 )to generate O-2 and Mn2+, which alleviated tumor hypoxia to improve chemotherapy and depleted GSH to enhance oxidative stress for chemodynamic therapy. More importantly, SSMID NCs could simultaneously exert the photothermal therapy (PTT) effect with near-infrared laser irradiation and promote the release of Mn2+ and DOX to achieve enhanced chemotherapy/chemodynamic therapy. In addition, the released Mn2+ could be used as a T1-weighted MRI contrast agent to monitor tumor location. The SSMID NCs exhibited a pronounced tumor growth inhibitory effect and promising biological safety, which develop a new method to rationally design nano-theranostic agents with enhanced performance for anti-tumor.

Reconstructing the development of lineage relationships and cell fate mapping has been a fundamental problem in biology. Using advanced molecular biology and single-cell RNA sequencing, we have profiled transcriptomes at the single-cell level and mapped cell fates during development. Recently, CRISPR/Cas9 barcode editing for large-scale lineage tracing has been used to reconstruct the pseudotime trajectory of cells and improve lineage tracing accuracy. This review presents the progress of the latest CbLT (CRISPR-based Lineage Tracing) and discusses the current limitations and potential technical pitfalls in their application and other emerging concepts.

OBJECTIVE:Current X-ray-based classification methods cannot describe all distal clavicle fracture (DCF) patterns, especially the osteoligamentous injury pattern of DCFs. We aimed to develop a novel classification based on the osteoligamentous injury pattern of the DCFs and investigated its reliability.METHODS:All DCFs from January 2017 to January 2022 were respectively screened and 45 cases (mean age 20-78; male 31, female 14) met the including criteria and were enrolled. Based on their Zanca view X-ray radiograph and three-dimensional CT construction images, we analyzed the osteoligamentous injury pattern of each case, particularly the acromioclavicular (AC) and coracoclavicular ligaments and their bone attachment. Then we developed a novel classification method, five types in total, sorting all DCFs according to their lesion manifestations of osteoligamentous complex. Also, we investigated the inter- and intra-observer reliability using kappa value.RESULTS:A novel classification method for DCF was developed, manifesting the avulsion or rupture of conoid and trapezoid ligaments, and involvement of AC joint. Forty-five cases of DCFs were included in this study. Among them, 11 (24.4%) were Type 1 fracture, three (6.7%) cases were Type 2, six cases (13.3%) were Type 3, 21 (46.7%) were Type 4, four (8.9%) were Type 5. Kappa values for inter-observer agreement were 0.57 after first evaluation and 0.61 after second evaluation. Intra-observer agreement was 0.72 for experienced shoulder specialist and 0.63 for radiologist.CONCLUSION:This new classification method is reliable to use, supplementary to current classification systems, and emphasizes on the osteoligamentous complex injury when opting for the treatment.

Substantial evidence suggests that pepper consumption is associated with a reduced risk of obesity-related complications. However, whether piperine, the main component of pepper, improves obesity-induced hepatic lipid accumulation and insulin resistance and the action mechanism of piperine still remain unclear. We hypothesized that piperine attenuates high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and improves the related metabolic complications in HFD-induced obese rats. Adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were fed a control diet (CON) or an HFD for 16 weeks. Obese rats were divided into 4 groups: HFD and HFD with daily gavage of piperine 2.7 mg/kg body weight (PIP-Low), 13.5 mg/kg body weight (PIP-Medium), and 27 mg/kg body weight (PIP-High) for another 8 weeks. Rats were euthanized after an 8-hour fast, and the liver, heart, kidney, and white adipose tissue were collected and stored at -80 °C. Piperine administration significantly reduced weight gain, plasma insulin, and glucose concentration. For oral piperine at a dose of 27 mg/kg body weight, body weight significantly decreased by 5.7% compared with that in the HFD group. Additionally, oral piperine administration considerably reduced serum triglyceride concentration. Furthermore, piperine administration reversed the HFD-induced downregulation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling molecules and increased the plasma levels of adiponectin and the messenger RNA expression of the adiponectin receptor; additionally, it increased the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B. Overall, oral piperine administration reversed HFD-induced liver lipid accumulation and insulin resistance, possibly via the inactivation of adiponectin-AMPK and PI3K-Akt signaling. These findings imply that piperine could serve as an effective agent for healthy weight loss.

BACKGROUND:Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) combined with dynamic CT myocardial perfusion imaging (CT-MPI) and CCTA combined with CT fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR) are both expected to be efficient one-stop shop imaging strategies to guide clinical management. The aim of the study is to determine which of these two methods has superiority in terms of guiding treatment in patients with intermediate to high pretest probability of coronary artery disease (CAD).METHODS:CT-PRECISION (Computed Tomography myocardial PeRfusion imaging vErsus Computed tomography derived fractional flow reServe: impact ON guiding treatment and prognosis in patients with intermediate to high pretest probability of CAD) is a multicenter, prospective, open-label, randomized study to directly compare the clinical value of guiding treatment and prognostic discrimination of CCTA + dynamic CT-MPI strategy and CCTA + CT-FFR strategy in patients with intermediate to high pretest probability of CAD. Four hundred and twelve patients will be enrolled in this study and randomized to CCTA + dynamic CT-MPI arm and CCTA + CT-FFR arm. All patients will be followed up for at least 2 years. The primary endpoint is the rate of unnecessary invasive coronary angiography (ICA) within 90 days, which is defined as ICA without revascularization. The secondary endpoints will include: (I) a composite of major adverse cardiac events (MACE, defined as all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction, rehospitalization due to aggravated angina symptoms, and late revascularization); (II) symptom change at 1 year; (III) the rate of late revascularization after CT examination; (IV) reclassification rate of CCTA + dynamic CT-MPI and CCTA + CT-FFR guided strategies compared with CCTA alone; (V) overall radiation dose, contrast media usage and medical cost.DISCUSSION:The study will provide valuable information about the optimal CT-based diagnostic strategy with regard to the clinical management of patients with intermediate to high pretest probability of CAD.TRIAL REGISTRATION:The study is registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) with the identifier number ChiCTR2000041102. The first enrollment is planned for January 2021.

Ligaments are dense fibrous connective tissue that maintains joint stability through bone-to-bone connections. Ligament tears that due to sports injury or tissue aging usually require surgical intervention, and transplanting autologous, allogeneic, or artificial ligaments for reconstruction is the gold standard for treating such diseases in spite of many drawbacks. With the development of materialogy and manufacturing technology, engineered ligament tissue based on bioscaffold is expected to become a new substitute, which can lead to tissue regeneration by simulating the structure, composition, and biomechanical properties of natural tissue. This paper reviewed some recently published in vitro and animal researches focusing on ligament tissue engineering, then evaluated the properties and the effects on tissue repair and reconstruction of fiber structure scaffolds, multi-phase interface scaffolds and bio-derived scaffolds designed by bionic principle and made of different materials, manufacturing techniques and biological factors. Finally, summarization followed by the prospection for future development direction of biological scaffolds in ligament tissue engineering research is given.

目的:研究乳腺断层Combo模式摄影的辐射剂量与人体骨骼肌肉、体质量指数(BMI)、股骨、股骨肌肉量及体脂量等成分的相关性.方法:收集在医院接受乳腺X射线检查的162例女性患者,检查前采用电阻抗技术检测记录每例患者的股骨、股骨肌肉量及体脂量,并采用体检仪测量患者的身高、体重和体表面积,并计算出BMI;X射线检查后记录患者扫描的管电流、管电压、平均腺体剂量(AGD)、压迫厚度及信噪比(SNR)等相关数据.由放射科医生对患者头尾(CC)位和内外侧斜(MLO)位下脂肪型(A型)、散在纤维腺体型(B型)、不均匀致密型(C型)和极度致密型(D型)4种类型乳腺密度进行评估,并使用单因素方差法对数据进行统计分析.结果:患者CC位和MLO位下不同乳腺密度类型之间管电流、管电压、辐射剂量、压迫厚度及SNR的差异均匀有统计学意义(FCC位=8.34,F=3.80,F=7.73,F=4.65,F=5.13;P<0.05;FMLO位=8.06,F=5.54,F=8.39,F=5.65,F=5.15;P<0.05).乳腺密度A型腺体的管电流和管电压及剂量最低,则SNR和图像质量相应较低;D型腺体的管电流和管电压及剂量最高,则SNR和图像质量相应较高.CC位、MLO位的辐射剂量与体重、股骨、体表面积、BMI、股骨肌肉量及体脂均有中或低度相关(r=0.26,r=0.275,r=0.21,r=0.32;P<0.05).MLO位下BMI和体脂与辐射剂量的相关性较强(r=0.41,r=0.38;P<0.05),且受检者乳腺腺体密度与BMI、股骨肌肉量、体脂及辐射剂量关系密切.BMI越高,体脂越高,股骨肌肉量越高,辐射剂量越高.除D型密度外,CC位其他三种类型密度的辐射剂量低于二维乳腺X射线摄影.结论:乳腺断层Combo模式摄影的辐射剂量与人体股骨、股骨肌肉量及体脂量均有一定相关性.且辐射剂量与BMI、股骨肌肉量呈正相关.

Tissue engineering is a method of constructing seeding cells and artificial materials as the cytoskeleton in vitro, in order to fabricating artificial organs and tissues. Reconstruction of corneal epithelial tissue in vitro by tissue engineering technique brought hope to the corneal blind patients. In this study, we used human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) as seeding cells, and cross-linked amniotic membrane by genipin as the cytoskeleton to reconstructing corneal epithelial tissue in vitro. In addition, we tested the tenacity, hardness, degradation speed, cytocompatibility and inflammatory response in preclinical application of this new artificial material, for the purpose of finding a new approach of modifying amniotic membrane close to the feature of natural cornea. As a result, the best cross-link condition-1.0% genipin cross-linked with amniotic membrane under 45°C for 24 hr could improve the physical character of natural amniotic membrane. Genipin cross-linking makes amniotic membrane and seeded hUC-MSCs has better cytocompatibility and lower inflammatory response in preclinical application.

BACKGROUND:Myocardial blood flow (MBF), CT fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR) and high-risk plaque (HRP) features have been revealed to be associated with patients' prognosis. However, direct intra-individual comparison of these CT-derived parameters has not been explored yet. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of CT-derived MBF, CT-FFR and HRP features for predicting major adverse cardiac events (MACEs).METHODS:Consecutive patients with chest pain and intermediate-to-high pre-test probability of coronary artery disease (CAD) were prospectively enrolled. All patients were referred for dynamic CT myocardial perfusion imaging (CT-MPI) + coronary CT angiography (CCTA) and followed up for at least 1 year. MBFischemic (mean MBF of all ischemic segments), MBFratio (MBF of ischemic segments/MBF of reference segments), CT-FFR and HRP features were measured and multivariate analysis was used to evaluate the predictive value of all above parameters for MACEs.RESULTS:One hundred and forty-two patients were included into final analysis. MBFischemic and MBFratio was significantly lower in patients with MACE compared to patients without MACE (87 vs. 153 mL/100 mL/min and 0.64 vs. 0.95, both P<0.001). Similarly, CT-FFR was also markedly lower in patients with MACE (0.58 vs. 0.88, P<0.001) whereas coronary artery calcium score (CACS) was significantly higher (1,038.9 vs. 34.2, P<0.001). According to ROC curve analysis, MBFischemic, MBFratio and CACS had largest area under curve (AUC =0.872, 0.855 and 0.813 respectively, all P<0.001) for identifying patients with MACE. After adjusted by multivariate analysis, MBFischemic (hazard ratio =23.382, P=0.003) and CACS (hazard ratio =3.759, P=0.029) were revealed to be the independent predictors for MACE where CT-FFR and HRP features failed to have prognostic value.CONCLUSIONS:MBFischemic derived from dynamic CT-MPI was the strongest predictor for MACE, followed by CACS. MBFischemic outperformed HRP features and CT-FFR for prediction of unfavorable clinical outcome.