Recently, the rapid growth of the textile, printing, and dyeing industries has led to severe pollution from dye wastewater. Bimetallic metal-organic frameworks (bimetallic MOFs) have emerged as promising adsorbents for dyes removal. Herein, Fe-HKUST-1 with an octahedral structure was anchored on the surface of viscose spunlaced nonwoven material (VSN) via an in situ solvothermal method to prepare Fe-HKUST-1@VSN. After carbonization, Fe-HKUST-1@VSNC was obtained for the adsorption of organic dyes in water. When the carbonization temperature is no more than 240 omicron C, the morphologies and structures of Fe-HKUST-1@VSNC are not changed. And the adsorption efficiencies and capacities of Fe-HKUST-1@VSNC-240 for Congo red (CR) and crystal violet (CV) are the optimal. At an initial dye concentration of 10 mg L- 1, a temperature of 35 degrees C, and pH 7, Fe-HKUST-1@VSNC-240 shows its highest performance, reaching 98.17 % removal of CV in 90 min and 98.65 % removal of CR in 120 min. The adsorption processes of Fe-HKUST-1@VSNC-240 for both CV and CR are slightly affected by coexisting ions. The adsorption efficiency of Fe-HKUST-1@VSNC-240 for CV and CR declines to 50.10 % (after 6 cycles) and 56.76 % (after 22 cycles), respectively. Moreover, Fe-HKUST-1@VSNC-240 also demonstrates good adsorption performance in real water environment. The adsorption processes of Fe-HKUST1@VSNC-240 for both CV and CR are endothermic, spontaneous, and monolayer adsorption, primarily through chemical adsorption and intra-particle diffusion. The synthesized Fe-HKUST-1@VSNC-240 can adsorb various organic dyes, along with excellent structural stability and recyclability, offering a promising solution for dyecontaminated wastewater remediation.

Absorption capacity (Ca) and cycling capacity (Cc) are key indicators for evaluating CO2 capture ability and regeneration energy consumption of solvents in industrial absorption processes. However, their determinations still largely rely on experimental methods, requiring high cost and time consumption. In this study, we propose a machine learning (ML) model that integrates both the zwitterion mechanism and the base-catalysis mechanism to predict Ca and Cc. The model effectively predicts the conversion of structurally diverse amines through different reaction pathways, thereby enabling accurate assessment of absorption and regeneration performance of chemical solvents. The models have an R2 of 0.950, Q2 of 0.856, RMSE of 0.105, and MAE of 0.084 for Ca prediction and R2 = 0.956, Q2 = 0.863, RMSE = 0.059, and MAE = 0.044 for Ccprediction. Dynamic absorption-desorption experiments employing three industrial solvents and two promising candidates screened through the ML model indicate that the coupled model reliably predicts Ca and Cc. Moreover, 30 molecular descriptors were defined to describe local electronic effects of amine groups, steric hindrance effects near amine groups, and the stability of reaction products, largely enhancing the model interpretability. Present study highlights the ML approach for predicting the capacity of gas absorption systems involving complex chemical reactions, offering a strategy for exploring potential solvents for carbon capture and other absorption processes.

Removing carbonyl sulfide (COS) from industrial gas streams remains challenging because it is weakly adsorbed and exhibits low reactivity. Conventional two-step schemes, COS hydrolysis followed by separate H2S capture, are energy-intensive and operationally complex. Herein, we designed a dual-functional La/Ce co-doped CuY@NiAl-LDO composite that integrates COS hydrolysis with in situ H2S capture. The co-doped composite shows higher surface basicity, increased oxygen-vacancy density, and a hierarchical pore network. Under dynamic breakthrough conditions (80 degrees C; GHSV = 3000 h- 1), the composite achieves a sulfur capacity of 46.32 mgS & sdot;g- 1, with no H2S detected at the outlet. This performance markedly exceeds that of the undoped and singly doped samples. DFT calculations based on adsorption and transition-state analyses indicate that La/Ce co-doping facilitates the adsorption and activation of COS and H2O on the oxide domain, lowers the activation barrier of the rate-determining hydrolysis step, and strengthens the selective adsorption of H2S on the CuY adsorption domain. Collectively, these effects suppress catalyst deactivation. This work provides a practical strategy for the rational design of high-performance materials for integrated desulfurization.

Triethylamine (TEA), a highly toxic and volatile organic compound, demands reliable gas sensors for environmental and industrial safety. This work presents a facile one-pot hydrothermal strategy to engineer hierarchical flower-like CuO nanostructures rich in oxygen vacancies (OVs), using ammonia agent. The intentional creation of OVs is identified as a key factor for performance enhancement and the optimal OV-rich CuO sensor exhibits a markedly improved response of 7.8 to 100 ppm TEA at 260 degrees C. It also demonstrates a rapid response (1 s), a low detection limit (1.2 ppm), excellent selectivity, and robust stability. Mechanistic studies reveal that the synergistic effect between the hierarchical structure and abundant OVs facilitates oxygen adsorption and activation, thereby drastically enhancing the surface reaction with TEA molecules. This study not only provides a promising sensing material but also offers a fundamental insight into designing high-performance p-type gas sensors via synergistic morphology and defect engineering. The demonstrated performance underscores the potential of the developed sensor for practical applications in industrial safety and environmental monitoring.

Solvents that capture gases through high dissolution affinity often face mass transfer challenges due to strong solvent‐solvent interactions. Successful development of high‐performance solvents requires well‐coordinated intermolecular interactions within solvent‐solute systems. In this study, a new solvent, 1‐(2‐(diethylamino)ethoxy)butan‐2‐amine (DEAEBA), was synthesized for the first time and applied for effective organosulfide capture. Solubility measurements confirm the record absorption capability for methyl mercaptan (MeSH), featuring the lowest Henry's constant and the fastest dissolution rate. Interaction characterization combined with theoretical calculations revealed that the unique molecular structure of DEAEBA enhances its affinity toward MeSH while weakening solvent self‐association. Finally, laboratory‐scale absorption and regeneration experiments demonstrate that DEAEBA possesses promising organosulfide removal performance and excellent regenerability. This study demonstrates a rational molecule design to precisely control complex intermolecular interactions in solvent‐solute systems for efficient capture of pollutants and impurities during environmental management as well as energy and chemical production.

The controlled preparation of stimulus-responsive soft nanomaterials, especially those with anisotropic nanostructures, has attracted wide attention. Herein, a series of N-(2-(6-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)ethyl)acrylamide (TNAA, n = 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4)-containing luminescent monomers with an adjustable flexible spacer length are randomly copolymerized with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) to afford thermoresponsive polymers with a tunable cloud point temperature (CP) and fluorescence emission. By adjusting the molar ratio of TNAA to NIPAM, the CP of the polymers can be regulated from 49.1 +/- 0.7 to 26.0 +/- 0.8 degrees C, while the emission wavelength is controlled from 598 to 633 nm as the length of the flexible spacer shortens. Density functional theory calculation results verify that as the length of flexible spacers increases, the path for intramolecular electron transfer becomes longer. It induces an elevation in the energy required for electrons to transfer from the highest occupied molecular orbital to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, leading to the increase in the energy gap. Importantly, nanobowls with controlled diameter, opening size, and inherited thermoresponsive and tunable fluorescence properties are formed by self-assembly. As the temperature increases from below the CP of the polymer to 60 degrees C, the hydrophilic-to-hydrophobic transition of PNIPAM segments occurs, leading to the enhancement of the hydrophobic interactions and a more compact aggregation of the polymer chains. Consequently, the nanobowls also change from their original loose and porous structure to a relatively dense state. Overall, thermoresponsive luminescent nanobowls with controlled dimensions and fluorescence properties are achieved by manipulating the spacer length between fluorophores and the polymer backbone.

Despite more than a decade of development, inverse vulcanization continues to produce sulfur-rich polymers with limited solubility, which impedes definitive structural characterization by solution-based techniques. The dominant hypothesis proposes that these materials form a cross-linked network. However, recent work by Pyun and co-workers demonstrated the coexistance of cross-linked and linear structures for the direct synthesis of vulcanized 1,3-diisopropenylbenzene (DIB) fragments by employing solid-state/solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and AlLiH4 reductive degradation of poly(S-DIB). To enable unambiguous structural elucidation, we employ selenium disulfide (SeS2) as the sulfur source, which retains the eight-membered ring structure of S-8 but features a lower bond dissociation energy. The current protocol yields soluble sulfur/selenium-rich polymers. Structural characterization confirms the coexistence of linear and cross-linked components for the resultant polymers. The exceptional solubility enables comprehensive gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis. All polymers, synthesized at varying feed ratios, exhibit ultrahigh molecular weights (M-n > 1,300,000 g/mol). Additionally, poly(SeS2-DIB) synthesized with various feed ratios was comprehensively characterized using H-1 NMR, FT-IR, PXRD, TGA, DSC, EA, and SEM to elucidate its structure and properties. This provides a critical foundation for investigating sulfur sequence length and degradation pathways.

Abstract Viruses typically possess spike-like surface structures that play pivotal roles in their biological functions, including host cell invasion and signal transduction. Despite the structural advantages of virus-like architectures, the controlled fabrication of artificial virus-like nanoparticles (VNPs) remains a significant challenge. Herein, a series of amphiphilic glycopolymers are designed and synthesized to self-assemble into VNPs with controlled tentacles on their surfaces. As the initial concentration increases, the morphology of the assemblies gradually evolves from spherical nanoparticles to virus-like nanostructures with an increased number and length of the tentacles. The existence of glucose moieties is crucial for driving this morphological transformation owing to their strong hydrogen-bonding interactions and ultrahydrophilicity. Monitoring the formation process of the VNPs, we found that spherical nanoparticles were formed at the early stage of self-assembly. With an increasing water content, the nanoparticles gradually deform and develop surface wrinkles, followed by the emergence and elongation of tentacles upon further water addition, leading to the formation of VNPs, which exhibit morphology-promoted and glucose transporter 1-mediated endocytosis. These findings highlight the significance of glycosyl groups in promoting the formation of VNPs and provide fresh insights into the controlled preparation of artificial biomimetic nanomaterials with precise structures and tailored functionalities.

Flexible electrochemical sensors based on noninvasive materials can continuously monitor blood glucose levels in sweat, making them ideal for personal diabetes management intelligent devices. It is necessary to construct sweat glucose electrochemical sensors that have the ability to both adjust to human skin and reliably monitor. We first synthesized nickel/cobalt metal-organic framework material (Ni/Co-MOF) nanosheets via a solvent-thermal approach. Then, an oil-based polyurethane (OPU)/polypropylene spun-bonded nonwoven fabric (PPSF) was obtained by coating the surface of PPSF. Silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) paste and conductive carbon (C) paste were printed layer-by-layer on the surface of the OPU/PPSF by screen printing, followed by the immobilization of Ni-Co/MOF nanosheets on the working area using a Nafion solution to form a Ni/Co-MOF@OPU/PPSF flexible glucose sensor for continuous monitoring of glucose in sweat. This Ni/Co-MOF@OPU/PPSF flexible glucose sensor retained the high electrocatalytic activity of Ni/Co-MOF for glucose oxidation and exhibited high sensitivity (159.9 μA/mM·cm2), low limit of detection (LOD) (2 μM), and a wide linearly glucose-monitoring range (10 μM-1 mM). Compared to other nonenzymatic sensors, our Ni/Co-MOF@OPU/PPSF flexible glucose sensor has better immunity than other substances present in sweat. Meanwhile, the Ni/Co-MOF@PPSF flexible glucose sensor not only monitors the glucose in sweat at different body temperatures but also maintains good mechanical flexibility and stable electrochemical properties under bending conditions. It is suggested that our flexible glucose sensor can be used for continuous monitoring of glucose in human sweat. Overall, our glucose sensor can be used for the continuous monitoring of glucose in human sweat.

Severe foaming and a significant decrease in desulfurization performance were noted in a novel UDS solvent applied in a natural gas field in western Sichuan, China. The effects of hydrocarbon and ionic impurities on foaming behavior and the purification performance of candidate adsorbents were investigated. An extraction-gas chromatography method was established and validated for determining total hydrocarbons in amine solutions, enabling quantitative evaluation of hydrocarbon contamination. Controlled contamination experiments revealed that hydrocarbons had the strongest effect on foaming, while sulfate and chloride strongly promoted foam formation; organic acid anions showed only minor effects. Fixed-bed screening identified A-98FM anion-exchange resin as the most effective for anionic impurity removal and AC-02 activated carbon as the best candidate for hydrocarbon purification, with a cumulative adsorption capacity q0-12 of 14.86 mg/g over 12 h. Pore-structure and thermal-release analyses suggested that conventional pore descriptors alone could not fully explain the dynamic purification performance, while hydrocarbon-related loadings in spent AC-02 occupied accessible pore space and contributed to performance decay. Treatment of a field-aged UDS lean solvent further showed that reductions in target impurities were accompanied by lower foam height and shorter defoaming time. This work provides experimental support for impurity monitoring, foaming-risk identification, and adsorptive purification of UDS desulfurization solvent under flowback-contamination conditions.

Removal of trace benzene (Bz) is critical for ensuring extensive applications of vinyl acetate (VA), however, is challenging due to the specific properties of this binary mixture. This study presents an "exposure + shielding" modification strategy for Cu-BTC, involving acetic acid fragmentation and glycine grafting, to enhance the contribution of ligands in Bz adsorption. Comprehensive characterizations confirm the structural integrity and tailored porosity of modified adsorbents. Compared to pristine Cu-BTC, Gly(1.00)@Ac/Cu-BTC demonstrates a 69.7% increase in static uptake and nearly twofold improvement in breakthrough capacity. Gly(1.00)@Ac/Cu-BTC also exhibits superior thermal stability (up to 583 K) and chemical stability in VA, with no decomposition after 30 days. DFT calculations reveal a reversed Bz/VA selectivity, driven by enhanced pi-complexation and effective shielding of Cu sites. This work represents the first example to achieve the practical Bz/VA separation, and highlights the potential of synergistic modifications in designing efficient, stable MOFs for industrial separations.

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as a compelling alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for large-scale energy storage applications, primarily due to the natural abundance, low cost, and uniform geographic distribution of sodium resources. Among available cathodes, the polyanionic cathode Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7 (NFPP) combines both excellent cycling stability and a high theoretical capacity. However, the intrinsically low electronic conductivity of NFPP, attributable to the insulating nature of its PO4-linked FeO6 units, markedly impedes charge-transfer kinetics. Here, we introduce a boron-assisted carbon coating on NFPP (NFPP/B-C), where boron doping generates p-type carriers and enhances carbon graphitization, increasing the conductivity from 4.76 & times; 10-4 to 8.4 & times; 10-4 S cm-1. As a result, the optimized NFPP/B-C cathode delivers an initial charge capacity of 127.2 mAh g-1 at 0.1C and 89.2 mAh g-1 at 50C, with 91.0% capacity retention over 10 000 cycles at 20C. These results establish boron-assisted graphitized carbon coatings as an effective strategy for enabling high-power and durable NFPP cathodes for sodium ion batteries.Keywords: Sodium ion battery; Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7; Boron doping; Rate capability; Cycling stability.

Membrane separations without phase transition offer a compelling route to low-energy crude oil fractionation. For practical implementation, membranes are required to simultaneously achieve high permeance, sharp molecular sieving and long-term structural stability in hydrocarbon media. Herein, we report the rational design of homogeneous polyamide membranes for crude oil separation, fabricated via oil-soluble surfactant mediated interfacial polymerization by synergistic integration of hydrophobic monomers. The rigid fluorinated monomer improves membrane compatibility with hydrocarbons, while oil-soluble surfactants with varying chain lengths enable the regulation of pore size distribution, yielding a wrinkled and ultrathin selective layer. The modulated membrane exhibits precise sieving of small solutes, showing a high toluene/triisopropylbenzene separation factor of ∼14 and excellent permeance of ∼8.4 L m-2 h-1 bar-1. Importantly, the membrane retains superior selectivity for light crude oil separation, enabling effective retention of heavy components and delivering a light permeate with lower boiling point distribution. This work advances the development of sustainable membrane technologies for efficient crude oil separation.

Industrial wastewater containing organic dyes has become a serious source of environmental pollution, threatening the ecological environment and human health. The adsorption method is important to treat dye wastewater because of its easy operation and high efficiency. Herein, TAP-BTCA-COF composed of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxaldehyde (BTCA) and 1,3,5-tris (4-aminophenyl) benzene (TAP), a kind of covalent organic frameworks (COFs), was combined with viscose spunlaced nonwoven (VSN) via a simple in situ solvent–thermal synthesis to one step obtain TAP-BTCA-COF@VSN for the adsorption of organic dye in water. The results showed that TAP-BTCA-COF with a particle size of about 200 nm was uniformly distributed on the surface of VSN in a regular spherical structure. TAP-BTCA-COF@VSN exhibits versatile adsorption capacity toward both anionic dyes (congo red (CR) and methyl orange (MO)) and cationic dyes (methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB)) in aqueous solution, with the highest efficiency for CR. The adsorption efficiency of TAP-BTCA-COF@VSN for CR reached 99.35

In situ emulsification is a promising enhanced oil recovery technique but faces challenges including environmental concerns and high operational costs. To address this, we developed amphiphilic nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NCDs) via a facile one-pot synthesis. The NCDs exhibit high interfacial activity and undergo a three-step self-assembly with endogenous naphthenic acids in crude oil-via hydrophobicity-driven diffusion, electrostatic adsorption, and interfacial jamming-to form a rigid film with ultralow interfacial tension (similar to 0.66 mN/m). The resulting emulsion shows a bridged network structure and high stability. Microfluidic experiments reveal that stable oil-in-water emulsions form over a wide concentration range, with three distinct flow regimes (squeezing, dripping, and jetting) governed by capillary number and droplet size scaling as (D/D h) proportional to Cac -1.5. The emulsion also exhibits fully reversible, CO2-responsive demulsification with minimal NCDs loss over cycles. Under simulated reservoir conditions, NCDs maintain ultralow tension and high elasticity in heavy oil, show good thermal and salinity stability, and enhance oil recovery by 33.45% over water flooding, demonstrating strong field potential. This work offers a sustainable strategy for developing efficient oilfield chemicals with lower cost and environmental impact.

Two-dimensional crystalline polymer nanosheets exhibit significant application potential across diverse fields due to their highly ordered structure and unique electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. However, the facile preparation of crystalline polymer nanosheets at a high solid content still remains challenging, owing to the inherent complexity and kinetic characteristics of polymer crystallization. Herein, a robust intramolecular cyclization-induced self-assembly (ICISA) strategy is proposed to prepare uniform quasi-monodisperse crystalline hexagonal nanosheets at a high solid content of 15%. Upon thermal treatment of the PAA solution, insoluble and crystalline polyimide segments are generated at the main chain of the polymer, leading to the fast amorphous to crystalline transition and self-assembly of the polymer simultaneously within 10 min at gram scale. At low concentrations, ultrathin nanosheets with a feature thickness of 4.8 nm are formed, which overlap and stack to form thick nanosheets and eventually hexagonal nanosheets at high concentrations. The influence of annealing temperature on the degree of imidization, crystallinity, and morphology of the assemblies is investigated, confirming the optimal annealing temperature of 160 degrees C, ensuring the match between the rate of amorphous to crystalline transition and self-assembly. Overall, quasi-monodisperse crystalline hexagonal sheets are facilely prepared at a high solid content of 15% by the rapid ICISA strategy, overcoming the restriction of the slow kinetics of polymer crystallization during self-assembly.

Conventional viscosity reduction methods for heavy oil often face limitations in effectively targeting the asphaltenes, the primary components responsible for its high viscosity. To address this, we developed a natural deep eutectic solvent (NaDES) from carvacrol and lauric acid that specifically and efficiently dissolves these asphaltene aggregates. The solvent effectively penetrates and disrupts asphaltene aggregates, significantly increasing their interlayer spacing and reducing structural ordering, thereby transforming asphaltenes from a tightly packed to a looser configuration. At the molecular level, NaDES disrupts the inherent pi-pi stacking and hydrogen-bonding network among asphaltene molecules while simultaneously forming new hydrogen bonds with them (with binding energies less than-37.64 kcal/mol), thereby effectively preventing their reaggregation. With the addition of only 0.05 wt% NaDES at 70 degrees C, the viscosity of heavy oil decreased from 99,900 to 669 mPa center dot s, corresponding to over a 99% viscosity reduction, while oil recovery increased from 17.8% to 39.8% and sweep efficiency improved from 21.2% to 82.4%. This improvement is attributed to the targeted dissolution of asphaltenes and a substantial reduction in oil viscosity. This study reveals the viscosity-reduction mechanism targeting asphaltenes, offering an economic strategy for heavy oil production.

Abstract Rapid industrialization has led to the massive release of dye pollutants, posing a significant risk to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Polymeric nanosheets are highly attractive candidates for water remediation due to their abundant, accessible active sites. Herein, an intramolecular cyclization-induced self-assembly (ICISA) strategy is employed to construct polymeric nanosheets on the basis of reactivity of an amphiphilic poly(amic acid) (PAA) for rapid cationic dye adsorption. Upon thermal annealing, an intramolecular cyclization reaction occurs to generate polyimide (PI) segments in the polymer backbone, affording poly(amic acid-stat-imide) (P(AA-stat-I)), which enhances polymer solvophobicity and crystallinity, inducing ICISA of P(AA-stat-I) and leading to the formation of nanosheets. Benefiting from their multilayered structure and rich functional groups of carboxyl and amide, the nanosheets demonstrate ultrafast and efficient adsorption toward Victoria Blue R in water, with over 92.90% removal achieved in only 2 min and an adsorption capacity of up to 188.98 mg g–1. Mechanistic investigations reveal that the adsorption process is driven synergistically by electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding, and π–π stacking. This study employs an ICISA strategy for the versatile fabrication of polymeric nanosheets for high-performance adsorption of cationic dyes.