人类的性别决定主要由Y染色体发挥作用,而果蝇的Y染色体对其性别决定不起作用,但与精子生成有关.

To provide scientific basis for successfully establishing a rapid propagation system of Ricinus communis L.,the plumule tip,hypocotyl,cotyledon and radicle of Ricinus communis are used as explants to study the abilities of dedifferentiation and redifferentiation induced by different hormones,and the effects of buds proliferation and rooting.The results indicate that the appropriate propagation explant is plumule tip,and the proper culture mediums are:MS+BA 0.4 mg·L-1+IAA 0.01 mg·L-1 for propagation,MS + NAA 0.2 mg·L-1 for rooting.And at the concentrations of BA 0.5~1.0 mg·L-1 and IAA 0.1~0.5 mg·L-1,the frequency of callus induction is 56%~100% and the differentiation rate is zero.

The suitable inoculation proportion and strain combination for fermentation of vegetable waste are obtained by conventional screening methods and mixed strain combination experiment;the optimum nitrogen source,abio-salt and their inoculation ratio of the culturing medium are obtained by solid-state fermentation experiment;and the fermentation conditions are obtained by perpendicular orthogonal test.Results show that when the fermentation strain ratio of Trichoderma viride,Geotrichum candidum and Candida utilis is 1∶2∶2,and the inoculation is about 10%,(NH2)2CO 1%,(NH4)2SO4 1.5%,MgSO4 0.2%,K2HPO4 0.4% and Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O 0.4%,adopting a craft of the immortalization germ solid-ferment,throwing 100 g fermentation germ in the triangle bottle with 1 L,temperature 27℃,fermenting 96 h,the outcome protein content is up to 15.97%,raising 75%.