With the burgeoning rise of the intelligent era, the flexible wearable strain sensors capable of being affixed to human skin for real-time monitoring of motion and physiological signals have garnered significant attention. In this study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was selected as the substrate, polyaniline as the conductive filler, and the bio-based raw materials such as glycerol (Gly) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were introduced. An environmentally friendly conductive composite fiber membrane (PPGC) flexible sensing material with good toughness and high sensitivity was fabricated by PVA/Gly/CMC electrospun nanofiber membrane in situ coated with polyaniline. The strain sensitivity (gauge factor, GF) of PPGC conductive composite fiber membrane can reach 9.7 within the strain range of 0%-40%. Its electrical conductivity is 2.37 mS/m, and its tensile strength and elongation at break are 6.0 MPa and 48%, respectively. PPGC can accurately detect the movements of different parts of the human body, demonstrating a promising application prospect in wearable monitoring systems.

The development of beta-Ga2O3 for high-power electronics has been hampered by the longstanding challenge of characterizing defects on its (010) plane with conventional etchants. This study introduces a highly efficient molten alkali (NaOH + KOH) etching process that slashes the required time from 2 h to just 2 min compared to typical hot H3PO4 etching, producing clear, well-defined etch pits observable by optical microscopy. Crucially, this method could establish a definitive correlation between four distinct pit morphologies and specific defect types-including nanopipes, dislocations, mixed-type (dislocation + nanopipe), and strain-related defects-through systematic Focused Ion Beam-Transmission Electron Microscope (FIB-TEM) analysis. The morphological evolution of nanopipe-related pits, depending on etching time, is also revealed. This work provides both a rapid characterization tool and fundamental insights critical for advancing beta-Ga2O3 crystal growth and device performance.

A series of ∼20 nm intermetallic Pd3Pb nanocubes with tunable surface Pb exposure were synthesized via a facile one-step solvothermal approach, providing an ideal system to investigate the way in which the surface configurations of Pb-rich (Pd3Pb/Pb), Pd-rich (Pd3Pb/Pd), and standard Pd3Pb nanocubes influence the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) mainly through the ligand effect while excluding geometric influences. Electrochemical measurement results indicate that the Pd3Pb/Pb catalyst delivered outstanding C1+ selectivity, achieving a high Faradaic efficiency of 96.88

Micro light-emitting diode (Micro-LED) display technology is regarded as a promising next-generation display technology due to its advantages of high brightness, high contrast, low power consumption, long life, and fast response. However, with the aggressive downscaling of Micro-LED size to only a few microns, when the pixel density is high, the lift-off fabrication of metal bumps used as the soldered joints between the Micro-LEDs and the driver substrate becomes increasingly difficult. Therefore, achieving a high-yield bump array becomes challenging under high-density conditions. In this study, we innovatively use a photosensitive conductive polymer (PCP) to replace conventional metal bumps, serving as a new bonding material between Micro-LEDs and the driving substrate, which can be used to fabricate polymeric micro-bump arrays through well-established photolithography, elegantly bypassing the complex lift-off process in the preparation of traditional metal bumps, and yet keeping a low risk of short circuits. We innovatively use isopropyl alcohol to regulate the wettability of the developer to obtain the best development effect and prepare bump arrays with a bump size of 20 µm × 12 µm and a height of (1.9288 ± 0.0213) µm on thin-film transistor drivers (TFTs) with a yield of over 99.99

Structural regulation of luminescent metal-organic frameworks (LMOFs) provides an effective strategy for modulating emission behavior and constructing ratiometric fluorescent sensors. Herein, a Zn/Cd bimetallic MOF, CUST-988, was constructed through a one-pot assembly strategy and compared with its monometallic Zn-MOF counterpart, CUST-987, to clarify the influence of bimetallic coordination on framework structure and luminescence properties. Single-crystal structural analysis revealed that CUST-987 forms a 2D layered network, whereas CUST-988 features a stable 3D framework constructed from bimetallic {Zn·Cd} units and organic linkers. The incorporation of Cd(II) significantly regulated the dual-emission behavior of the MOF and enhanced the fluorescence response toward dopamine hydrochloride (DA·HCl). CUST-988 exhibited sensitive and rapid ratiometric fluorescence detection of DA·HCl, with a low detection limit of 0.256 μM, good selectivity, anti-interference capability, and a response time within 30 s. Mechanistic studies indicated that the sensing response was mainly governed by the inner filter effect. Practical applicability was further demonstrated by DA·HCl detection in pork sample extracts, giving satisfactory recoveries of 97.90–100.10%. In addition, a CUST-988@PVA composite film enabled smartphone-assisted visual semi-quantitative detection of DA·HCl in pork extracts. This work highlights the role of bimetallic coordination in regulating MOF luminescence and provides a structurally guided strategy for developing ratiometric fluorescent sensing materials.

Proton batteries are critically limited by corrosion of transition metal oxide electrodes in acidic electrolytes, a challenge further aggravated by activated water generated during the hydrated proton desolvation. Managing interfacial activated water by spatially separating protons and activated water is therefore essential for stable and efficient proton storage. Here, hydrothermal carbon (HTC) is introduced onto MoO3 via a facile hydrothermal carbonization of glucose. The resulting HTC coating effectively shields the electrode from direct exposure to acidic electrolytes, promotes hydrated proton desolvation, and confines activated water at the interface. Simultaneously, the hydrothermal carbonization induces oxygen vacancies in MoO3 (Ov-MoO3@C), modulating the electronic structure and facilitating proton intercalation. Owing to the synergistic effects of activated water confinement and oxygen-vacancy introduction, the HTC coating enables efficient spatial separation of protons and active water. Consequently, the Ov-MoO3@C electrode exhibits a 11% enhancement in capacity and a 55% improvement in cycling stability compared with pristine MoO3. This work highlights hydrothermal carbonization as a dual-functional strategy for regulating proton transfer and modulating electronic structure, offering a promising pathway toward high-performance proton batteries.

How to break through the oxidation energy barrier of C(sp3)-H bonds with high dissociation energy and prevent excessive oxidation is a significant challenge. This study presents the atomic-level regulation of POMOF dimensions by inducing structural differentiation through hydroxide end-capping. Two homologous isomers, named as Co-W10 and OH-Co-W10 respectively, have formed three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) structures through varied metal coordination modes. The 2D structure of OH-Co-W10 demonstrates excellent electron delocalization and transfer channels over the 3D structure of Co-W10. OH-Co-W10 exhibits enhanced oxygen activation capacity compared to Co-W10. In the catalytic oxidation of toluene, OH-Co-W10 achieves an impressive conversion rate of 98.1 %, and the selectivity of benzaldehyde is as high as 97.3 % (6720.2 µmol/g), which is cleaner and more efficient than that of the latest photocatalysts and Co-W10 (4713.1 µmol/g). In this study, the hydroxide capping strategy is proposed for generation of homologous isomers, offering a new direction for catalytic oxidation of C(sp3)-H bonds by expounding differences in active sites through distinct structural features.

The development of sensing materials capable of efficiently detecting multiple target analytes remains a core challenge in the field of fluorescence sensing. This work reports a cadmium-based fluorescent metal-organic framework (Cd-MOF), termed CUST-66 (CUST = Changchun University of Science and Technology). CUST-66 exhibits a marked fluorescence "turn-on" response to Hg2+ and enrofloxacin (ENR), while displaying a distinct fluorescence "turn-off" response toward CrO₄2-. On this basis, RhB@CUST-66 was successfully fabricated by incorporating Rhodamine B (RhB) into CUST-66, enabling highly sensitive and selective fluorescence detection of Fe3+, CrO42-, Cr2O72- and tetracycline hydrochloride (HTC). Moreover, to evaluate its practical application potential, fluorescent anti-counterfeiting pens based on RhB@CUST-66 were designed. The RhB@CUST-66-based pen exhibits significantly enhanced fluorescence brightness, enabling visualization of writing and patterns under 365-nm ultraviolet (UV) light. This work can provide new strategies for the accurate detection of target analytes in the environment and for information security and anti-counterfeiting applications.

Decatungstate ([W10O32]4−) as an efficient multifunctional photocatalyst has demonstrated unique value in the field of CH bond functionalization mediated by hydrogen atom transfer (HAT). However, its inherent dependence on ultraviolet light and the empirical optimization model of reaction conditions have become the bottlenecks that restrict its expansion into broader synthetic applications. This review first establishes the mechanistic and experimental landscape of decatungstate photocatalysis with emphasis on aspects most relevant to data-driven modeling, and then demonstrates, through a concrete random forest case study, how machine learning can quantitatively dissect reaction parameters and provide predictive guidance for condition optimization. Based on this, this article focuses on discussing how machine learning strategies can provide transformative tools for solving the aforementioned challenges. By reviewing the evolution paradigm, core algorithms and typical applications of machine learning in the field of catalysis, this paper constructs a random forest prediction model for decatungstate catalyst system. This model is based on 191 experimental data, quantifying the influence weights of each reaction parameter on the yield, and revealing the core importance ranking of “substrate structure > light source wavelength > additive”. The novelty of this review lies in three aspects: compiling a standardized dataset from fragmented literature, constructing the first predictive model specifically for decatungstate-mediated reactions, and quantitatively ranking the feature importance of substrate structure, wavelength, and additives. This work provides a critical and data-centric perspective that distinguishes it from conventional methodology reviews, and offers a transferable blueprint for integrating machine learning with photocatalytic reaction optimization.

Composite pollution of antibiotics, microplastics, and Cu2+ poses a significant challenge to the remediation of contaminated water. Herein, a modified adsorbent (PMC) was fabricated using Ganoderma lucidum mycelium as the substrate via thermal-alkaline treatment and subsequent grafting of polyethyleneimine (PEI). SEM, TGA, FTIR, and XPS confirmed the successful grafting of PEI, which roughened the mycelium surface, increased the number of adsorption sites, and enabled effective adsorption interactions. Adsorption experiments demonstrated that under pH 6.5, 15 mg adsorbent dosage, and 30 ℃, PMC achieved removal efficiencies of 96%, 91% and 85% for tetracycline (TC), polystyrene (PS), and Cu2+ in the composite system, respectively. The adsorption fitted the Langmuir isotherm model (maximum capacities: 243, 140, and 172 mg·g-1 for TC, PS, and Cu2+, respectively) and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating a spontaneous and endothermic process. Furthermore, PMC retained over 70% removal efficiency after 5 adsorption-desorption cycles and exhibited excellent biodegradability. Two-dimensional Fourier transform infrared correlation spectroscopy (2D-FTIR-COS) revealed that adsorption relied on multiple interactions (electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, etc.) and pollutant synergy: PEI’s positive surface captured anionic TC/PS; Cu2+ complexed with TC and coordinated with functional groups; mycelium’s network structure entrapped PS, collectively enhancing purification.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have become a research hotspot for hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts due to their high specific surface area and porous structure. However, the poor conductivity of organic ligands leads to a relatively slow charge transfer rate inherent to the MOF. The development of MOF-derived phosphides can solve this problem. Herein, a novel polyoxometalate-based MOF (JLJU-4) was constructed using alkyl-chain organic ligands. Using JLJU-4 as the precursor, using gallic acid, which is widely present in plants and has a low cost, as the hard template and stabilizer, and ammonium polyphosphate as the phosphorus source, the pore-forming agent poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (F-108) was used as a soft template to induce the formation of a porous structure with phase communication channels. The mesoporous catalyst P-MoP/MoNiP@C was prepared by direct pyrolysis for the study of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The introduction of F-108 prevents the risk of collapse and clogging of porous structures caused by high-temperature calcination. P-MoP/MoNiP@C exhibited a satisfactory hydrogen evolution performance and durability in both acidic (143 mV) and alkaline (192 mV) media. This work is the first to combine POMOF and gallic acid to obtain MOF-derived phosphides for hydrogen evolution, providing experimental ideas for the preparation of MOF-based hydrogen evolution catalysts.

Asymmetric particles, characterized by asymmetries in composition, topology, or surface properties, have attracted increased attention due to their unique advantages, enabling versatile applications across a broad range of fields. Herein, we employ gold nanoparticles as cores and deposit silica to form a series of asymmetric structures, including eccentric, Janus, and tadpole morphologies. Polyacrylic acid (Mw: 1800 Da) and 4-mercaptophenylacetic acid are used for functionalizing the surface of gold nanoparticles prior to silica coating. We systematically investigate the role of ligands in directing silica shell formation and demonstrate that the position of the gold core within the silica shell can be precisely controlled by tuning the total ligand amount while maintaining a fixed ligand ratio. In addition, by adjusting the ligand ratio, a Janus structure can be obtained, which is then used as seeds for site-selective nucleation and growth of a second metal on the exposed Au surface, further breaking the structural symmetry. Through lowering the reaction pH from 10 to 8 and extending the aging time, tadpole structures with tails ranging from tens of nanometers to over one micrometer are fabricated. Finally, we briefly demonstrate potential applications of the asymmetric Janus and tadpole structures in a catalysis and liquid crystal system study.

Fluorescence sensing technology plays a crucial role in environmental monitoring and food safety, resulting from its remarkable sensitivity and visualization capabilities. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as ideal platforms for high‐performance fluorescent probes, mainly due to their large specific surface area, adjustable luminescent properties, and diverse structures. This review summarizes the recent research progress of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) and their composites in the field of fluorescence sensing, focusing on elaborating their luminescence mechanisms and sensing mechanisms, systematically introduces the detection of ions (such as Al 3 ⁺, Cu 2 ⁺, Cr 2 O 7 2− , etc.) and organic pollutants in foods, and highlights the advantages of the combination of machine learning algorithms and MOFs. Furthermore, the current challenges in this field are carefully analyzed, and future research directions are proposed, which thus offer a basic reference for promoting the development of MOF‐based fluorescence sensing technologies.

Block copolymer self-assembly provides a promising method of generating nanoscale periodic structures with long-range order, serving as a template for advanced nano-lithographic applications. However, their intrinsic tendency towards free-energy minimization typically limits the accessible morphologies to thermodynamically preferred arrangements such as spheres on cubic lattices, hexagonally packed cylinders, or alternating lamellae. In this study, we demonstrate the formation of unconventional well-ordered square-packed arrays of vertical cylinders through one-step solvent annealing of ultrahigh molecular weight (UHMW) block copolymers (BCPs). The square-packed morphology observed in this study emerges from the interplay between low solvent vapor pressure, sluggish chain dynamics, and molecular polydispersity in UHMW BCPs, which collectively and kinetically trap the system in a metastable, nonequilibrium state favoring square symmetry. Furthermore, the introduction of a homopolymer facilitates defect healing, enhances structural stability, and enlarges the domain size by approximately 30%. These findings establish a pathway for generating square arrays as soft templates for advanced nanofabrication, offering direct compatibility with conventional integrated circuit design and fabrication.

In contemporary society, heavy metal ions have posed significant threats to water systems and human health, for which timely and accurate detection is of much significance. In this work, a new metal-organic framework, CUST-1022, [Cd(H2BPDC)(phen)]CH3OH was synthesized via the solvothermal method. Due to the existence of uncoordinated carboxyl sites in CUST-1022, Eu3+ was introduced into CUST-1022 through the postsynthesis modification method to construct a ratiometric fluorescence sensing material, Eu3+@CUST-1022. Eu3+@CUST-1022 demonstrates exceptional performance in detecting Fe3+, CrO42-, and Cr2O72-, with detection limits of 8.63 μM, 1.26 μM, and 1.91 μM, respectively, which represent a significant improvement (lower detection limits) over pristine CUST-1022 (15.72 μM for Fe3+, 5.46 μM for CrO42-, and 2.86 μM for Cr2O72-). Moreover, the sensing process was accompanied by a distinct color change, enabling visual discrimination. A portable fluorescent sensor was fabricated by using cotton swabs, offering a novel strategy for the direct detection of heavy metal ions in aqueous solutions. The potential fluorescence quenching mechanism was found to be energy competition absorption and dynamic quenching. The ratio-type fluorescent sensor prepared by the postsynthesis modification method reduces the detection limit, which represents an effective strategy for constructing MOF-based sensors for ion detection in practical environmental applications.

Diamond films deposited on stainless steel using a Cr/CrSiN interlayer exhibit excellent adhesion under static conditions but poor adhesion under scratch conditions. We developed a new interlayer Cr/CrSiVN and investigated the influence of different vanadium (V) contents on the adhesion. The adhesion of diamond films under scratch conditions is significantly improved with V content increasing from 0 to 4.1 at.%. Specifically, the critical load increases from 2.2 ± 0.8 N (0% V) to 21.2 ± 0.8 N (4.1% V), corresponding to a roughly 864% enhancement. High adhesion is ascribed to a certain thickness of carbide, the reduction in pores at the diamond/interlayer interface, and the enhanced hardness of the CrSiVN interlayer by solid solution strengthening. The formation rate of carbide is reduced due to a low carbon diffusion by the substitution of Cr atoms by V atoms in the interlayer, leading to a low carbonization rate of the interlayer and small pores at the interface. This work is of great significance to the promotion and practical application of diamond films in medical and food-processing equipment.

Controlling the photoluminescence and tunable luminescent chromaticity properties of inorganic phosphors is crucial for achieving high-security-level anti-counterfeiting and information encryption storage systems, remaining a persistent challenge. In this work, a dual-emission center construction strategy was used to modify silicate phosphors. The resulting K7Tb3Si12O32 & centerdot;4H2O:Eu3+(KTSO:Eu3+) phosphor displays tunable luminescence under different UV wavelength excitations while maintaining high stability. The energy-transfer process, governed by a multipolar interaction mechanism, proceeds efficiently from the active Tb3 + host framework to the Eu3+ ions residing in the structural channels. Furthermore, based on the optical signals of the KTSO:Eu3+ phosphor, this work designed a series of security identification and information encryption demonstrations for Changchun University of Science and Technology (CUST) and Jilin University (JLU), confirming the broad potential application prospects of these phosphors in the fields of anti-counterfeiting and information encryption.

The exploration of highly selective and sensitive sensing materials for detection of nitrofurantoin (NFT) and for precise temperature measurement remains a significant challenge. Here, a novel three-dimensional coordination polymer [Eu(H2BIC)(H2O)3(NO3)2] (CUST-1165) has been synthesized. This polymer sensitizes Eu3+ ions via the antenna effect, exhibiting characteristic red emission corresponding to the 5D0 → 7F2 energy level transition. CUST-1165 demonstrates a fluorescence quenching effect on NFT, exhibiting exceptional selectivity and sensitivity even in complex matrices. Ultraviolet-visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) indicate that the quenching response is influenced by both competitive energy absorption and photoinduced electron transfer (PET). Notably, the resulting dual-emission thermometer films, fabricated by blending CUST-1165 with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), demonstrated remarkable flexibility and exceptional sensitivity (5.73% K−1). CUST-1165 film displayed clear color variations from pink to blue over the temperature range of 303 K to 423 K. Furthermore, CUST-1165 holds potential as an anti-counterfeiting application when incorporated into fluorescent pens as ink. In summary, the design and synthesis of CUST-1165 provides valuable insights for constructing multifunctional sensor materials.

Background:Oral cancer constitutes a substantial global public health challenge with considerable mortality and socioeconomic burden. This study aimed to examine temporal trends in oral cancer mortality from 1999 to 2024. Methods:Population-level mortality data were derived from the CDC WONDER online database (https://wonder.cdc.gov/mcd-icd10.html), with raw data formally extracted on January 12, 2026. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) were calculated for each stratification. Joinpoint regression was used to estimate annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) to identify statistically significant trends. Results:From 1999 to 2024, total oral cancer deaths in the United States rose from 7,451 to 12,368, corresponding to a 65.99% increase, whereas the overall AAMR remained stable (P > 0.05). Females showed a significant decrease in AAMR (P < 0.05), while males exhibited no significant change. By census region, the Midwest showed a significant increasing trend (P < 0.05), and the West displayed a significant decreasing trend (P < 0.05). Non-Hispanic Black individuals experienced the sharpest reduction (P < 0.05), whereas non-Hispanic White individuals showed a significant increase (P < 0.05). Metropolitan and nonmetropolitan mortality trend analyses were confined to 1999-2020; within this restricted timeframe, metropolitan areas had a significant declining AAMR (P < 0.05), while nonmetropolitan areas increased significantly (P < 0.05). Mortality rates decreased significantly among adults aged 35-54 years but increased markedly among those aged 65 years and older, especially individuals aged 85 years and older. Conclusion:Although total oral cancer deaths increased substantially between 1999 and 2024, overall age-adjusted mortality remained unchanged. Pronounced and persistent sociodemographic disparities exist across sex, region, race/ethnicity, urban-rural status, and age. Observed divergent mortality patterns represent descriptive population-level disparities, and causal links to healthcare access, behavioural risks or clinical treatment cannot be definitively inferred from current ecological mortality data alone.