用常见膦配体与[ IrCl (cod)]2(cod为1,5-环辛四烯)、RuCl2( cod)或RhCl3形成的复合催化剂及以SBA - 15、MCM -41和MCM -48为载体所形成的负载型复合催化剂,对3-甲酰基-7β-苯乙酰胺-3-头孢-4-羧酸二苯甲基酯进行了催化脱羰基反应研究.结果发现,催化剂用量为底物物质的量的5％时,[ IrCl(cod)] 2/SBA - 15/亚磷酸三乙酯负载型复合催化剂脱羰基反应的产率最高,高效液相色谱产率为32％,柱色谱分离产率为23％,与文献报道的以化学计量RhCl( PPh3)3对该化合物进行脱羰基反应的产率相当,不但大大减少了贵金属的使用量,而且催化剂可以重复使用.

To investigate the relationships of c-Fos,olfaction and hibernation,immunohistochemistry is used to test the seasonal differences in c-Fos expression in each level of hedgehog olfactory bulb.The experimental process was as follows:six wild hedgehogs of each season in good shape were selected,and then anaesthetized and perfused,the olfactory bulbs were fixed and peeled,and finally make paraffin-embedded sections were cut.The cut sections were imaged and measured by immunohistochemistry and photos were taken.The photos were loaded into Motic Images Advanced 3.2,to measure the expression ratio of c-Fos in each level of hedgehog olfactory bulb of each season.Statistics of expression ratio were analyzed in GraphPad Prism4.Microsoft Excel software was used to plot the data.Strong expression of c-Fos protein was found in each level among adult hedgehog olfactory bulb,while staining is not found in negative controls.The results showed that seasonal differences were obviously displayed.The general trend was:expression ratio of c-Fos protein was lowest in winter while highest in fall.1)The expression of c-Fos in each level of hedgehog olfactory bulb in winter were significantly lower than that of in summer and fall(P0.01);2)The expression of c-Fos in the external plexiform layer,mitral cell layer and granule cell layer in winter were significantly lower than that in summer(P0.01).In the olfactory nerve layer,the olfactory glomerular layer and the ependymal layer,the expression of c-Fos also was lower than that in summer(P0.05);3) Compared with winter,c-fos was significantly up-regulated at first in spring in the olfactory glomerular layer,the mitral cell layer and the granule cell layer(P0.01),while there were no differences among the olfactory nerve layer,the external plexiform layer,or the ependymal layer(P﹥0.05);4)Compared with fall,the expression of c-Fos in the olfactory nerve layer in spring increased significantly while no differences when compared expression in summer.In the rest level of hedgehog's olfactory bulb,the expression of c-Fos in fall is significantly higher than that in spring and summer.Strong expression of c-Fos protein in hedgehog's olfactory bulb indicates that c-Fos protein may play an significant role in transferring hedgehog's olfactory messages.Significant seasonal differences of c-Fos expression show that there is correlation between hedgehog olfactory bulb activity and its hibernation.

Objective To understand the physiological and biochemical normal parameters of blood of hedgehogs(Erinaceus europaeu) and its seasonal variations.Methods Thirteen haemal physiological parameters and fifteen biochemical indices of blood were determined by auto hematology analyzer BC-3000 plus and automatic biochemical analyzer BAYER-ADVIA-1650 respectively.Haemal physiological parameters and biochemical indices in spring,summer and fall were also compared.Results Our results indicated that the mean corpuscular volume(MCV) in both sexes of hedgehogs in summer was significantly higher than in fall.Mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH) of male in fall was lower than in summer,which indicated that oxygen-carrying capacity of blood in summer was higher than in fall.No significant difference of white blood cell(WBC) was found in different seasons and different sexes,which indicated that the immunocompetence of hedgehogs in different seasons was of little difference.Glucose(GLU) in spring and fall were both higher than in summer.Aspartate aminotransferase(AST) of female hedgehogs in spring was significantly higher than in summer and fall.Cholesterol(CHOL) and low density lipoprotein concentration(LDLC) of male in fall was significantly higher than in spring and summer.Conclusion Differences in physiological and biochemical indices suggest different activity,metabolism,nutritional status and health status of hedgehogs in different sexes and seasons.

Both body temperature and organs of heterothermic animals such as Amur hedgehog(Erinaceus amurensis)show phenotypic plasticity,which is in turn related to their environmental living conditions.To further understand the seasonal adaptive strategy for Amur hedgehog,we measured the sexual and seasonal variations in body temperature and of masses of reproduction-related organs of Amur hedgehogs trapped alive in mountainous areas in Southeast Shandong Province,with a goal of comprehending adaptation of this animal to seasonal ambiance.The results showed that:1) body temperatures in both male and female were highest in summer,and were significantly positively correlated with ambient temperature;2) the relative fatness in both genders were highest in spring,and lowest in fall;3) for females,the uterine mass was highest in spring,while lowest in fall;for males,testis mass was highest in spring,and lowest in fall;epididymis mass was highest in summer,and lowest in fall;the spleen mass in both the sexes were highest in fall,and lowest in summer;for females,adrenal was highest in spring,and lowest in fall,while for males it was highest in fall,and lowest in summer;there was no significant difference between genders in both adrenal and spleen mass;and 4) the heart rate of females was higher than that of males,but no significant seasonal differences were observed;all the waves of electrocardiogram did not show sexual difference,but there were significant differences among spring,summer and fall.There were no sexual differences but,significant seasonal differences in physiological parameters,and the duration of QRS complex and T wave were longest in fall,S-T interval was the opposite.As a heterothermic animal,the body temperature range of Amur hedgehog was larger than that for rodents,but both of them showed the same patterns in seasonal change of reproductive related organs.The heart rate of Amur hedgehog was not correlated with body temperature during the non-hibernation period,and cardiac function was little influenced by seasonal change as inferred from electrocardiogram.The plasticity of body temperature,relative fatness,masses of spleen,testis and epididymis,and uterus may play important roles in the adaptation of Amur hedgehog to changable environments.