Plant height is a key agronomic trait influencing both seed production and yield in hybrid rice. In the elite japonica hybrid ‘Shenyou 26’, optimal plant height differences between the restorer line (‘Shenhui 26’) and the male sterile line (‘Shen 9A’) are critical for efficient pollination. In this study, we dissected the genetic basis of plant height variation using a doubled haploid (DH) population derived from ‘Shenyou 26’. Multi-environment phenotyping and QTL mapping identified seven QTLs associated with plant height, among which qPH1.1 and qPH9.1 were validated. qPH1.1 co-localized with the semi-dwarf gene SD1, and ‘Shen 9A’ carries a rare SD1-EQH allele that potentially confers reduced height relative to the SD1-EQ allele in ‘Shenhui 26’. qPH9.1 also contributed significantly to plant height variation, with the Shenhui26 allele increasing plant height in backcross validation. These findings indicate that plant height variation in ‘Shenyou 26’ is controlled by multiple loci, including SD1 allelic variants and other complementary QTLs, providing valuable resources for fine-tuning plant architecture in rice breeding.

Anther culture is a promising technique used in rice (Oryza sativa L.) breeding, although the genetic mechanisms associated with anther culturability remain elusive. In the process of in vitro anther culture, favorable alleles for anther culture are preferentially transmitted to doubled haploid (DH) populations, resulting in biased segregation of DH populations. Therefore, the segregation distortion (SD) method is an ideal approach for mapping the genetic loci controlling anther culturability. Performing a SD analysis using a genetic map consisting of 666 single nucleotide polymorphism markers, we identified five potential loci (logarithm of odds [LOD] > 3.5) that may be associated with anther culturability, including SDL2 and SDL3, which are overrepresented in japonica alleles, and SDL7, SDL9, and SDL11, which are overrepresented in indica alleles. In addition, nine pairs of epistatic interactions (EPIs) that contribute significantly (p < 0.05) to SD in the DH population were identified. Among them, the interaction between SDL2 and SDL3 is particularly noteworthy. These findings suggest that anther culturability in rice is governed by complex genetic mechanisms involving multiple nuclear genes and EPIs. This study provides insights into the genetic control underlying anther culturability in rice and lays the foundation for future research aimed at identifying causal genes associated with anther culturability.

Anther culture (AC) is a valuable technique in rice breeding. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying anther culturability remain elusive, which has hindered its widespread adoption in rice breeding programs. During AC, microspores carrying favorable alleles for AC are selectively regenerated, leading to segregation distortion (SD) of chromosomal regions linked to these alleles in the doubled haploid (DH) population. Using the AC method, a DH population was generated from the japonica hybrid rice Shenyou 26. A genetic map consisting of 470 SNPs was constructed using this DH population, and SD analysis was performed at both the single- and two-locus levels to dissect the genetic basis underlying anther culturability. Five segregation distortion loci (SDLs) potentially linked to anther culturability were identified. Among these, SDL5 exhibited an overrepresentation of alleles from the female parent, while SDL1.1, SDL1.2, SDL2, and SDL7 displayed an overrepresentation of alleles from the male parent. Furthermore, six pairs of epistatic interactions (EPIs) that influenced two-locus SDs in the DH population were discovered. A cluster of genetic loci, associated with EPI-1, EPI-3, EPI-4, and EPI-5, overlapped with SDL1.1, indicating that the SDL1.1 locus may play a role in regulating anther culturability via both additive and epistatic mechanisms. These findings provide valuable insights into the genetic control of anther culturability in rice and lay the foundation for future research focused on identifying the causal genes associated with anther culturability.

稻谷的耐储性在种子生产保存和粮食储备中具有重要的意义.本研究以人工陈化的方法对15个三系杂交稻恢复系品种进行筛选,获得了繁11、繁12、繁31、繁32和繁38五个耐储性较好的品种.选择繁38与粳型恢复系繁26为亲本杂交获得F1代,构建了包含154个株系的双单倍体(double haploid,DH)群体.以2b-RAD简化基因组测序技术对亲本和群体中每个株系进行测序,并构建SNP标记遗传图谱.分析水稻在人工陈化10 d和15 d时与耐储藏相关的QTL.共检测到了6个与稻谷耐储性相关的QTL位点,分布于3号、5号、6号、11号和12号染色体上,LOD值介于3.4509～6.8036之间,可解释6.1575％～12.9979％的表型变异,加性效应在-6.7586％到6.1235％范围内.其中qSI-12位点在陈化10 d和陈化15 d两个条件下均能检测到.qSI-5a和qSI-6这2个位点只在陈化10 d时检测到,而qSI-3、qSI-5b和qSI-11这3个位点只在陈化15 d时检测到.此外,还检测到32对上位性互作位点.这些结果丰富了耐储性品种育种的遗传资源,为进一步精细定位耐储性相关的QTL奠定了基础.

Marker-assisted selection or marker-aided selection（MAS） provides an effective complementary approach for conventional rice breeding with precise and speedy mobilization of target genes into elite genetic backgrounds. The targeted genes, however, may not be selected in the course of MAS due to the occasional recombination between the marker and the target gene/QTL during the many cycles of meiosis involved in breeding programs. This leads to failure in the selection of target traits（Gopalakrishnan et al, 2008）.

Clathrin-mediated vesicle trafficking (CMVT) is a fundamental process in all eukaryotic species, and indispensable to organism's growth and development. Recently, it has been suggested that CMVT also plays important roles in the regulation of plant immunity. However, the molecular link between CMVT and plant immunity is largely unknown. SCY1-LIKE2 (SCYL2) is evolutionally conserved among the eukaryote species. Loss-of-function of SCYL2 in Arabidopsis led to severe growth defects. Here, we show that mutation of OsSCYL2 in rice gave rise to a novel phenotype-hypersensitive response-like (HR) cell death in a light-dependent manner. Although mutants of OsSCYL2 showed additional defects in the photosynthetic system, they exhibited enhanced resistance to bacterial pathogens. Subcellular localisation showed that OsSCYL2 localized at Golgi, trans-Golgi network and prevacuolar compartment. OsSCYL2 interacted with OsSPL28, subunit of a clathrin-associated adaptor protein that is known to regulate HR-like cell death in rice. We further showed that OsSCYL2-OsSPL28 interaction is mediated by OsCHC1. Collectively, we characterized a novel component of the CMVT pathway in the regulation of plant immunity. Our work also revealed unidentified new functions of the very conserved SCYL2. It thus may provide new breeding targets to achieve both high yield and enhanced resistance in crops.

水稻中水稻甜菜碱醛脱氢酶(BADH2)功能缺失导致其酶促反应的底物2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉(2AP)的累积，使得稻米产生香味。水稻香味等位基因 badh2-E2 在我国的香稻育种中有较广泛的应用。本研究根据 badh2-E2 香味等位基因在第二外显子处7 bp缺失，设计了一个基于PCR/LDR技术的功能性分子标记。利用PCR/LDR标记对申繁24、申繁26，及其杂交 F1 代的基因型进行鉴定，可以准确的鉴定出 badh2-E2 位点的基因型。用PCR/LDR标记对杂交F2代群体的基因型进行鉴定，发现 badh2-E2 阳性纯合型、杂合型和 badh2-E2 阴性纯合型这3种基因型符合1：2：1分离比。本研究的结果为标记辅助育种提供了一种新的标记类型，具有一定的应用价值。

The loss-of-function of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (BADH2) in rice leading to the accumulation of 2-acetyl-1-pyrrolidine (2AP), the substrate of enzymatic reaction, makes the rice flavor. The rice aroma allele BADH2-E2 has been widely used in aroma rice breeding in China. In this study, a PCR/LDR-based functional molecular marker was developed according to the 7bp deletion in the second exon of badH2-E2 aroma allele. Using PCR/LDR-based markers, the genotypes of Shenfan24, Shenfan26 and their F1 hybrids in the badH2-E2 locus could be accurately identified, and screening the F2 population derived from the cross of Shenfan24 and Shenfan26 shows that the segregation ratio of badH2-E2 positive homozygous, heterozygous and badH2-E2 negative homozygous were 1:2:1. The results of this study provide a new type of molecular marker for marker-assisted breeding and have certain application potential.

高温是影响水稻的产量和品质的重要环境因素之一.26S蛋白酶体能消除细胞毒性变性蛋白,是水稻应对高温热激的一个重要机制.水稻TT1基因编码26S蛋白酶体的α亚基,非洲栽培稻和亚洲栽培稻TT1等位基因中的一个SNP位点造成精氨酸到组氨酸(R99→H99)的改变,使得非洲栽培稻具有更强的耐高温性.本研究根据TT1基因功能性SNP位点设计dCAPS标记TTl-P2.利用TTl-P2标记对申9B、NIL(CG14),及其杂交F1代的TT1基因型鉴定,结果TTl-P2标记鉴定的基因型与测序的结果一致.用TTl-P2标记对杂交F2代群体的TT1基因型鉴定,发现TT1WYJ、杂合型和TT1oCG14这3种基因型符合1∶2∶1的分离比.这些结果表明TTl-P2能准确的鉴别TT1的基因型,可用于耐高温水稻品种的分子标记辅助育种.

水稻起源于热带和亚热带地区,因此水稻对低温胁迫比其它农作物更加敏感。低温可以影响水稻生长发育的各个时期。特别是在温带和高纬度地区,低温冷害是影响水稻生产的重要环境因素之一。培育种植耐低温的水稻品种是解决低温冷害的一个重要手段。水稻耐冷基因COLD1编码一个G蛋白信号调节因子,该基因中起源于中国野生稻的SNP2位点,使粳稻具有更强的耐寒性。本研究根据COLD1中SNP2的序列多态性,开发与耐低温基因COLD1共显性的dCAPS分子标记,并利用7个水稻品种和96个籼粳交F2个体验证标记的准确性。实验结果证明本研究中设计的dCAPS分子标记能准确的鉴定粳稻COLD1jap基因型、籼稻COLD1ind基因型及杂合基因型,可应用分子标记辅助育种工作。

拥有低直链淀粉含量基因Wx mq 的软米具有适口和膨化性好、软而不烂、富有弹性、回生程度小、冷后不易变硬等优点。为了提高优质软米的选育效率,根据Wx mq 基因第4外显子的SNP1突变位点开发了一个高通量分子标记Wx mq -KASP,利用该标记对粳稻软米品种‘南粳9108’、中等直链淀粉含量粳稻保持系‘申01B’及其杂交F 2 代群体进行基因分型,在F 2 群体83个单株中,有21个单株表现出与‘南粳9108’相同的基因型,20个单株与‘申01B’基因型相同,而42个单株表现为杂合基因型。利用前人开发的CAPS标记对‘南粳9108’、‘申01B’及其杂交F 2 群体的Wx基因进行了基因型检测,所得结果与Wx mq -KASP检测结果完全一致。该研究表明KASP标记Wx mq -KASP可以高效应用于水稻低直链淀粉含量种质资源鉴定及分子标记辅助选择育种。

Rice blast-resistant genes Pi2,Pi5,Pi9,Pi54,Pia,Pib,Pit and Pita were detected in 36 restoring lines and 42 sterile lines by functional molecular markers.The results indicated that those 8 rice blastresistant genes were distributed in the 78 tested lines at various frequencies.Six rice blast-resistant genes were detected in the sterile line Shen-11A containing the most rice blast-resistant genes among the 78 lines,whereas no rice blast-resistant gene was detected in the lines 8527A,Xu-1A and 016A.The genetic distance-based cluster analysis showed that those 78 lines could be divided into 5 groups.

Fragrant rice is caused by the functional loss and mutation of the Betaine aldehyde aehydrogenase (BADH2) gene. Functional molecular markers designed according to the functional mutation loci of the aroma allele badh2 make it possible for rapid identification the fragrant rice germplasm. In this study, 33 male sterile lines and 35 restorer lines of japonica hybrid rice were genotyped by using functional markers InDel-E2 and InDel-E7, which were designed respectively for the fragrant badh2 alleles badh2-E2 and badh2-E7, 12 sterile lines containing badh2-E2 allele and 4 restorer lines containing badh2-E7 allele were identified, respectively. On the basis of genotyping result, 3 fragrant sterile lines and 3 fragrant restorer lines were selected to develop 5 fragrant japonica hybrid recombination. These results might provide an important basis for the popularization and application of fragrant japonica hybrid rice.

<正>1我国猪育种存在的主要问题1.1品种定位尚没有形成共识首先,应确立以世界三大品种D、L、Y纯种种猪为主要培育品种。20世纪80年代我国利用引进种猪改良本地品种,在当时的社会条件下极大地缓解了我国猪肉供应紧张局面,但经济全球化、利益最大化

利用枫泾猪现有母猪群体进行繁殖性能的遗传分析,以母猪个体间的亲缘程度和产仔主效基因为主的分析结果得到:1)现有母猪平均近交系数为0.089,近交程度的大小未能影晌枫泾猪的产仔数性能,并且随着近交系数的增加,产仔数反而呈上升趋势;2)繁殖性能主效基因在群体中的频率高达到0.72,基因型之间具有0.5头的产仔数差别,但在初产母猪间无该基因的效应存在;3)半同胞遗传力计算得到产仔数为0.08,产活数为0.044.

猪的内源性酶可以帮助其从传统的玉米一豆粕型生长-育肥期日粮中获取大部分能量.然而,研究表明,日粮中添加新型复合酶制剂能使日粮能量被更多地用于生长,因而可提高饲料的利用效率.

Porcine uncoupling protein-3 gene was used to study its effect on carcass and meat quality traits. The UCP3 partial translated regions in skeletal muscle from four pig breeds were sequenced and the comparison of the fragment sequences among four pig breeds showed that there were three coding-region single nucleotide polymorphisms (cSNP), of which the mutation at 842 bp of the open reading frame can result in the amino acid chang between methionine and threonine, so we selected the mutation as polymorphic site. The detection of polymorphic fragment by the technique of single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and chi2 analysis among three pig breeds indicated that the distribution of three genotypes(AA, AB and BB) was significantly different between Meishan and Large White or Meishan and Landrace( P < 0.01). In addition, association analysis of UCP3 polymorphism with carcass and meat quality traits was conducted in the F2 generation from the Large White x Meishan resource family, the results with GLM analysis showed that UCP3 polymorphism has significant effect on several carcass and meat quality traits and also additive effect on some carcass and meat quality traits predominated in the resource family. It implied that UCP3 gene could be a candidate gene locus or a linked marker to a major gene, which affects the porcine carcass traits and meat quality traits significantly.