探讨全氟辛烷磺酸(perfluorooctane sulfonate,PFOS)暴露对哮喘小鼠Th1/Th2炎症反应的影响.选择36只雄性C57BL/6J小鼠,随机分为6组:对照组、卵清蛋白(ovalbumin,OVA)单独致敏组、PFOS染毒组(0.1、1、5、10 mg·kg-1·d-1 PFOS+OVA致敏),每组6只.染毒和诱发哮喘后第26天收集肺泡灌洗液(BALF)进行有核细胞总数和嗜酸性粒细胞计数;用Luminex技术测定BALF中细胞因子白细胞介素-5(interleukin-5,IL-5)、白细胞介素-4(interleukin-4,IL-4)和 γ 干扰素(interferon-γ,IFN-γ)水平;肺组织切片染色观察其病理变化.随PFOS暴露浓度的增加,嗜酸粒细胞总数呈上升趋势(P<0.05),IL-5/IFN-γ 比值增加(P<0.05);其中10 mg·kg-1·d-1 PFOS+OVA组BALF中的白细胞总数显著高于OVA单独组(P<0.05),IL-4水平及IL-4/IFN-γ 比值显著高于OVA单独组(P<0.05),且与单独OVA组相比小鼠气道粘膜及粘膜下层厚度更厚,炎症细胞浸润更明显,PAS染色阳性的气道上皮细胞明显更高.PFOS能加重哮喘小鼠肺部的炎症反应并诱导Th2型细胞因子的表达.

BACKGROUND: Benzalkonium chloride has been used in dental restorative materials to enhance the long-lasting antibacterial properties of materials. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of benzalkonium chloride on oral common pathogenic bacteria in vitro. METHODS: The agar diffusion method was used to determine the inhibitory effects of antibacterial agents, 0.1% benzalkonium chloride, 3% H2O2and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, on five kind of oral pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g), Prevotella intermedia (P.i), Actinobacillus actionmycemcomitans (A.a), Streptococcus mutans (S.m) and Enterococcus faecalis (E.f). The tube dilution method was used to detect the minimal inhibitory concentration of benzalkonium chloride against the five bacteria mentioned above. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The antibacterial effect of 0.1% benzalkonium chloride on P.g was not significantly different from that of 3% hydrogen peroxide (P＞0.05), while 0.1% benzalkonium chloride showed better effect on P.i than 3% hydrogen peroxide (P＜0.05). On P.g and P.i, the antibacterial effect of 0.1% benzalkonium chloride was worse than that of 5.25% sodium hypochloritethe ( P＜0.05). The antibacterial effect of 0.1% benzalkonium chloride on A.a and S.m was better than that of 3% hydrogen peroxide (P＜0.05), and similar to that of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (P＞0.05). The antibacterial effect of 0.1% benzalkonium chloride on E.f was better than that of 3% hydrogen peroxide (P ＜ 0.05), but worse than that of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (P ＜ 0.05). The minimal inhibitory concentration of benzalkonium chloride to P.g, P.i, A.a, S.m, E.f was 16, 2, 4, 2, 4 mg/L, respectively. To conclude, 0.1% benzalkonium chloride has strong antibacterial effects on P.g, P.i, A.a, S.m and E.f.

Periodontitis,a chronic inflammatory disease caused by a variety of microbes,causes periodontal tissue damage associated with the host immune response inducing inflammation. It′s widely accepted that the occurrence and development of periodontitisis associated with patients′ immune status can be partly reflected by CD4-positive T-lymphocytes(CD4+T cells). Their relationship with periodontitis has become a hotspot in recent years. This review summarizes the recent studies on the differentiation and function of CD4+T cells and their relationship with periodontitis,and aims to elucidate the role of CD4+T cells in the genesis and progression of periodontitis.

Objective To evaluate the antibacterial potential of benzalkonium chloride in root canals infected by Enterococcus faecalis(E.faecalis). Methods Sixty-four human premolars extracted for orthodontics were prepared and inoculated with E.faecalis. Two teeth were selected respectively using random lottery method before and after inoculation,then split in to two halves along the mesiodistal axis. One half was processed with light microscopic(Brown & Brenn stain)to check the bacteria in dentinal tubules,and the other was observed with SEM to investigate the bacterial status in infected root canals. The rest of the teeth were randomly assigned to the following groups:0.05% benzalkonium chloride,0.1%benzalkonium chloride,3% hydrogen peroxide,2.5% sodium hypochlorite,5.25% sodium hypochlorite, 0.9% sodium chloride for endodontic irrigation. Before and after irrigating,microbiological samples were collected from root canals for bacteriological culture,and colony forming units(CFU)were counted. The t-test was used to analyze the difference of bacterial counts in root canals before and after irrigation. The difference of bacterial descent among the six groups were analyzed by ANOVA. Bacterial status after irrigation was assessed with SEM. Results (1)E.faecalis was found to penetrate into the dentinal tubules about 250 ~ 1050 μm. In the infected root canal samples,E.faecalis was attached to the root canal wall to form a biofilm structure.(2)The number of E.faecalis in root canal in each group was effectively reduced excepted 0.9% sodium chloride group (P<0.05). The bacterial descent of 0.05% ,0.1%benzalkonium chloride groups(7.90 ± 2.18,8.30 ± 2.21)was significantly more than that of 3% hydrogen peroxide group(5.30 ± 2.31)and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite group(6.10 ± 1.20,P<0.05). There were no statistical difference among 0.05% benzalkonium chloride group,0.1% benzalkonium chloride group and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite group(8.70±1.89,P>0.05). Root canal surfaces were cleaner in benzalkonium chloride and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite groups than 3% hydrogen peroxide group and 2.5% sodium hypochloritethe group with SEM observation. Conclusion It was suggested that benzalkonium chloride solution had potential antibacterial activity against E.faecalis when it was used for root canal irrigation.

Objective To explore the possible relationship of serum neopterin levels with chronic periodontitis and coronary heart disease(CHD). Methods A total of 120 patients were recruited in this study,including 30 patients with periodontitis and coronary heart disease (C+P),30 patients with periodontitis(P),30 patients with coronary heart disease(C),30 healthy controls(H). All parameters, including age,gender and periodontal clinic index,were recorded. Serum neopterin levels and lipid levels were examined at the same time. Differences in parameters among the four groups were analyzed by ANOVA. Correlations of each serum parameters with periodontal indexes were analyzed by Pearson correlation. Results The periodontal indexes were significantly different among the four groups (P<0.05). In(C+P)group,serum neopterin levels were significantly higher than that of P,C and H groups (P<0.05). The serum neopterin levels of P and C groups were significantly higher than that of H group (P<0.05). Serum neopterin levels were significantly correlated to probing depth and clinical attachment loss. Conclusions A certain correlation might exist between periodontitis and CHD,and neopterin might be closely related with the pathogenesis of these two diseases.

[目的]肱踝脉搏波传导速度(baPWV)和踝臂指数(ABI)是评价动脉硬度的理想指标.本研究拟探讨牙周非手术治疗对中重度牙周炎患者baPWV、ABI和可溶性细胞间黏附分子(sICAM-1)的影响.[方法]选择单纯中重度牙周炎患者98例,随机分配至实验组(n=49)进行牙周非手术治疗;对照组(n=49)进行龈上洁治术.分别在治疗前2周和治疗后3个月测量牙周指标、baPWV、ABI和血清sICAM-1等.[结果]牙周治疗后3个月,实验组baPWV和sICAM-1与治疗前显著减低(P＜ 0.001),且明显低于对照组(P＜ 0.05);ABI较治疗前有所升高,但差异不具有统计学意义(P＞0.05).实验组baPWV与牙周探诊深度PD变化量呈正相关(r=0.858,P＜0.001).[结论]牙周治疗有助于改善动脉硬度和降低血清sICAM-1水平,对降低心血管风险具有一定的作用.

【Objective】 To investigate the effect of periodontitis on serum hs-CRP(high sensitive C-reactive protein) and TNF-α(tumor necrosis factor-alpha) levels and the severity of coronary artery stenosis in coronary heart disease(CHD),to help identify the potential correlation of periodontitis and CHD.【Methods】 A total of 142 patients with CHD who underwent their angiography were enrolled into the study.According to periodontal examination,the patients were divided into three groups: 32 in-patients were healthy periodontitis(group C),32 in-patients were initial periodontitis(group C+P1),78 in-patients were moderate and severe periodontitis(group C+P2).Each give a score according the severity of periodontitis and coronary artery stenosis.Meanwhile,31 out-patients with simple moderate and severe periodontitis were selected in the Department of Stomatology(group P).The correlation between the severity of periodontitis and serum hs-CRP and TNF-α levels in the patients with coronary heart disease was analyzed by using SPSS13.0.【Results】 There was statistical significance of serum hs-CRP between C+P2 group and P group.There were significant elevation of serum hs-CRP and TNF-α and the severity of coronary artery stenosis accompanied with initial to moderate and severe periodontitis in CHD patients,C﹢P2 group was significantly greater than C﹢P1 group.【Conclusions】 The study concludes that moderate and severe periodontitis may aggravate inflammation and the severity of coronary artery stenosis in CHD patients.Through the above inflammation and cascade reaction,periodontal infection may cause or worsen coronary heart disease.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that statins can stimulate the bone regeneration. ONJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of simvastatin/methylcellulose gel on bone regeneration after grade Ⅱ furcation of alveolar defects in miniature pigs. METHODS:Grade Ⅱ furcation of alveolar defects model were produced in 32 teeth (the third and fourth premolars) of miniature pigs. The 32 experimental teeth were divided into five groups:the low-, middle-and high-dose simvastatin/methylcellulose gel groups were injected with 0.01, 0.03 and 0.044 g/mL simvastatin/methylcellulose gel 50 μL into the furcation sites; the control group was injected with 50 μL simvastatin/methylcellulose gel into the furcation sites once a week and lasted for 8 weeks; the blank control group had no treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group and blank control group, the height of the alveolar bone in the furcation sites of low-, middle-and high-dose simvastatin/methylcellulose gel groups were increased (P < 0.001), and the furcation sites were filled with the new alveolar bone, the trabecular was in the network structure and the mature Harvard’s system. The maturity of the new alveolar bone in the low-dose simvastatin/methylcellulose gel group was higher than that in the middle-and high-dose simvastatin/methylcellulose gel groups with less inflammatory cell infiltration. Little new alveolar bone could be seen in the control group and blank control group. Local application of simvastatin/methylcellulose gel can stimulate the regeneration of alveolar bone in furcation defect sites and the best dose of simvastatin/methylcellulose gel is 0.01 g/mL.

To elucidate the regulatory effects of combination of konjac glucomannan (KGM) and ginkgo flavonids (FGb) on hyperlipemia and to compare the different effects between combination and KGM. On the basis of establishing hyperlipidemia rat model, blood lipids, antioxidative capacity and liver tissues were investigated after 7-week feeding of different diets. The combination of KGM and FGb significantly reduced the serum TC, LDL-C, ApoB concentration and improved atherosclerotic indices, increased the HDL-C and ApoA-1 levels, and could make the serum TG level much lower than KGM could. The combination significantly decreased MDA content in both serum and liver, increased RBC and hepatic SOD activities and promoted the activity of GSH-Px as well, and these effects are much more superier to KGM. The morphologic observation showed that both the combination and KGM itself have protective role to liver tissues. Conclusion: The combination of KGM and FGb has better effects on decreasing the hypolipidemic rats' serum TG level and better ability of antioxidatipn than KGM, and also can protect the rats' liver tissues.