Polymer composites with magneto-responsive performance attract extensive attention in soft robotics, flexible sensors, and biomedical devices. However, the severe agglomeration of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in silicone rubber matrix remains a key obstacle to achieving high magnetic-mechanical conversion efficiency and reliable performance. To address this limitation, this study develops a microwave-assisted non-covalent functionalization strategy. Under thermal stimulation, the polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer spreads and physically adheres to the BaCoxTixFe12_ 2xO19 (BCTF nano-flakes) surface via non-covalent interactions (physical chain entanglement, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic forces), which significantly reduces filler agglomeration and strengthens interfacial adhesion. The synergistic effect of these non-covalent interactions enables the composite to achieve efficient magnetic-mechanical conversion efficiency. The optimized magneto-responsive elastomer (MRE) exhibits a maximum magnetorheological effect of 5.45% under 1000 mT (a 164.56% improvement compared to the unmodified composite), with tensile strength increased by 19.36% to 4.50 MPa. Although the elongation at break decreases from 339% to 220%, the retained flexibility is sufficient for soft actuator and flexible sensor applications. Additionally, the tans peak shifts to a higher temperature by 5.06 degrees C, confirming strengthened interfacial adhesion. These results demonstrate the potential of MREs fabricated via this modification method for applications in advanced soft actuators and flexible sensors.

Isomer engineering represents a strategy that preserves both the electron donor-acceptor connectivity and elemental composition of fluorescent molecules, while enables effective modulation of the electronic structure and holds potential for elucidating the influence of molecular architecture on fluorescence behavior. In this work, four new phenazine and tetraphenylethylene (TPE) derivatives were designed and synthesized through an isomer engineering strategy and a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction. The TPE-based luminogens were introduced into the phenazine core at the 2,7- or 3,6-positions, resulting in the designation of the four compounds as 27TNE, 36TNE, 27TE, and 36TE, respectively. Among them, 27TNE and 36TNE exhibit characteristic aggregation-induced emission properties with high fluorescence quantum yields in the solid state (0.49 for 27TNE, 0.35 for 36TNE), whereas 27TE and 36TE show dual-state emission (DSE) with moderate fluorescence in both solution (0.74 for 27TE, and 0.64 for 36TE in dimethylformamide (DMF)) and solid states. The density functional theory calculations reveal the influence of different isomerization and central cores on the fluorescence behavior of these compounds.

With the development of the marine economy, flexible devices based on dielectric elastomers are increasingly considered for marine applications. However, the influence of high humidity, heat and intense UV radiation in such environments on the structure, mechanical properties and actuation performance of these materials remain poorly understood. In this study, a UV-humidity-heat multi-factor aging test platform was employed to simulate the aging process of barium strontium titanate/fluorosilicone rubber (BST/FSR) dielectric elastomer composites under high-humidity and high-temperature marine conditions. Through systematic analysis of microstructure, mechanical behavior and actuation performance of the materials, it was revealed that crosslinking reactions and molecular chain breakage occur simultaneously during aging, with molecular chain breakage dominating and inducing the decline in mechanical properties. This work comprehensively elucidates the aging behavior and mechanisms of fluorosilicone rubber-based dielectric elastomers in the high-humidity and heat environments, and establishes the interrelationships among dielectric, mechanical and actuation properties during the aging process. These findings further promote the application of dielectric elastomers in the marine environments and provide a theoretical basis for predicting the service life of their actuation performance.

Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-67 (ZIF-67) has garnered significant attention in photocatalysis due to its remarkable visible-light responsiveness. However, its practical application is often hindered by the rapid recombination of electron-hole pairs. In this study, ZIF-67 was modified using selected conjugated organic molecules with distinct skeletal structures and functional groups, including 1,3,6,8-tetra(4-carboxylphenyl)pyrene, 3,3 '-diaminobenzidine and benzimidazole, through a simple one-step solvothermal process and three nanocomposites (ZIF-67@BA, ZIF-67@Pyrene and ZIF-67@BIM) were developed. The results demonstrated that all three composites exhibited enhanced electron-hole separation efficiency, reduced bandgap energy, and superior visible-light response characteristics compared to pristine ZIF-67. These conjugated molecules effectively modulated the photocatalytic performance of ZIF-67, with BA demonstrating the most pronounced enhancement owing to its well-defined symmetrical configuration, exceptional conjugation effect, and functional groups. The optimized ZIF-67@BA composite achieved 89.2 % total removal of tetracycline hydrochloride under visible light irradiation, including 35.5 % photocatalytic degradation efficiency, with even higher performance in practical water treatment. The composite also exhibited excellent reusability, stability, and adaptability. Trapping experiments revealed that center dot O2- and h+ served as the primary active species. This study provides an effective strategy for developing ZIF-67-based nanocatalysts while offering new insights for designing other MOF-based photocatalysts with promising potential for organic pollutant removal.

Carbon aerogels are recognized as promising electromagnetic wave absorbers due to their lightweight nature, tunable conductivity, and structural versatility, but exhibit limited performance owing to impedance mismatch and narrow loss mechanisms. Here, a bimetallic synergistic strategy to fabricate a CoNi/C composite aerogel through metal-organic framework (MOF) derived self-assembly followed by pyrolysis. The introduced CoNi multiphase system not only optimizes magnetic loss via natural resonance, exchange resonance, and eddy current effects but also regulates the carbon matrix to enhance conductive networks and defect-induced polarization. The CoNi/C aerogel exhibits an impressive electromagnetic wave absorption performance of-53.12 dB at 2.7 mm and an effective absorption bandwidth of 8.32 GHz at 3.0 mm. Besides, the aerogel also demonstrates classy radar stealth performance. This work provides a strategy for developing lightweight, high-performance microwave absorbers through coordinated structural and electromagnetic regulation.

Magneto-responsive soft robots urgently demand high-performance magnetic fillers with high saturation magnetization, low coercivity, uniform particle size and dispersibility. In this work, CoTi co-doped M-type barium ferrite BaCoxTixFe12-2xO19 (BCTF) powders were successfully synthesized via a chemical co-precipitation combined with molten salt-assisted calcination. The influences of molten salt proportion and salt-to-precursor ratio on phase composition, microstructure, particle dimension and magnetic performances were systematically explored. The molten salt medium likely shifts the reaction away from sluggish solid-solid diffusion and implies a plausible dissolution-precipitation reaction pathway, effectively suppressing particle agglomeration and improving crystallization quality. Well-crystallized BCTF with regular hexagonal platelet morphology and narrow particle size distribution is obtained after process optimization. The optimized sample delivers a high saturation magnetization of 53.88 emu/g, much higher than 50.85 emu/g of the sample without molten salt, and possesses favorable low coercivity for magnetic actuation. This work provides a facile molten-salt route to fabricate high-performance ferrite powders with optimized magnetic parameters, which exhibit great potential as candidate fillers for magneto-responsive soft actuators in future composite investigations.

Arsenic, a pervasive environmental pollutant, critically endangers human health by increasing risks of cancer and neurological damage. To address this, La0.15Fe2.85O4 was surface-modified with 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysi-lane (TMMP) to form LaFeTMP, to reduce the agglomeration of La0.15Fe2.85O4 and to enhance its dispersion in polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber films. A LaFeTMP/PAN composite nanofiber membrane with the uniform dispersion of LaFeTMP was prepared. Batch adsorption studies revealed that the adsorption capacities for As(III) of LaFeTMP, 5 % LaFeTMP/PAN, and 7 % LaFeTMP/PAN were 160.81 mg/g, 144.57 mg/g, and 155.76 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics, indicating monolayer chemisorption. Both LaFeTMP and LaFeTMP/PAN exhibited strong anti-interference properties and reusability, maintaining over 95 % removal efficiency after four cycles. Dynamic filtration using 5 % and 7 % LaFeTMP/PAN membranes (25 mm diameter) could process 772 mL and 1375 mL of 50 mu g/L As(III) solution to below the 10 mu g/L threshold at 2 mL/min, respectively. These results confirm that embedding LaFeTMP into PAN fibers significantly improves the stability and reusability, with the composite membrane exhibiting superior dynamic As(III) removal compared to recent studies.

To meet the application requirements of high driving strain for dielectric elastomers, this study systematically investigated the influence of CCTO filler morphology on the dielectric properties, mechanical properties, and electromechanical performance of dielectric elastomer composites. CCTO nanoparticles with an average particle size of approximately 300–500 nm were synthesized via chemical co-precipitation and incorporated into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) at a mass fraction of 2 wt

M-type hexagonal strontium ferrite (SrFe12O19, SrM) nano-powders require optimized magnetic properties for the applications of permanent magnets, magnetic recording media, and microwave devices. However, ion-doping strategies for enhancing saturation magnetization (Ms) and magnetocrystalline anisotropy field (Ha) remain underexplored. This study employed chemical coprecipitation plus molten salt method to modify SrM with Lanthanum (La) and cobalt (Co) co-doping. La site occupation varies with content x. At x = 0.05, La substituted Sr and Co occupied Fe sites. While x = 0.10, partial La migrated into Fe sites, modulating Fe and Co interactions. Moderate Co substitution at preferred Fe sites (4f1, 2a, 12k) activates La-Co correlation, distorting the Co 4f1 polyhedron. This enhances Co orbital moment via spin-orbit coupling, boosting uniaxial anisotropy. Optimal doping (x = 0.10, y = 0.20) improves both Ms and Ha compared to SrM. These findings demonstrate that correlated La-Co interactions via selective site occupancy provide a decoupled substitution strategy for optimizing hexagonal ferrites magnetic properties.

Improving catalytic activity for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) oxidation and enhancing water-tolerance stability remain challenging in practical applications. Herein, a composite catalyst integrating Pt/CoOx-NiOx mesoporous nanorods (MNRs) with a phenyltriethoxysilane (PhTES)-modified surface was fabricated via a facile route for toluene oxidation. The mesoporous nanorod architecture was instrumental in enhancing the specific surface area and the accessibility of active sites. The Co-Ni heterojunction formed a built-in electric field (BIEF) at the interface, facilitating charge transfer and boosting catalytic performance. The incorporation of Pt enhanced the catalyst's reducibility at low temperatures and thereby induced the formation of oxygen vacancies, which, in turn, facilitated the adsorption and activation of O2. Furthermore, the PhTES layer enhanced wet-condition activity and toluene adsorption. The optimized 1 wt% Pt/1.5CoOx-1.5NiOx MNRs catalyst achieved 100% toluene conversion (500 ppm) at 165 degrees C under 36,000 mL g-1 h-1 WHSV while maintaining activity under humid conditions after PhTES modification. The reaction mechanism, as identified by in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), adheres to the Mars-van Krevelen (MVK) pathway. This finding was corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which revealed that Pt doping facilitates the generation of oxygen vacancies and intensifies the BIEF, thus offering novel insights into the oxidation mechanism of VOCs. (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(VOCs)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)Pt/CoOx-NiOx(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(MNRs)(sic)(sic)PhTES(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).MNR(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),Co-Ni(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(BIEF),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).Pt(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)O2(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic),PhTES(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)1 wt% Pt/1.5CoOx-1.5NiOx MNRs(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)36,000 mL g-1 h-1,(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)500 ppm(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)165 degrees C(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)PhTES(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)Mars-van Krevelen(MVK)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(DFT)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)Pt(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)BIEF,(sic)VOCs(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).

High magnetic anisotropic field of nano-magnetic materials is critical for miniaturization and integration of highfrequency magnetic devices. epsilon-Fe2O3 exhibits huge magneto-crystalline anisotropy, but modulating its magnetic properties remains challenging. Herein, rare earth-doped epsilon-Fe2O3 nano-magnets (epsilon-RexFe2-xO3 (Re=Nd, Gd, Sm, x = 0.02-0.10)) were synthesized via a reverse-micelle and sol-gel method to elucidate spin exchange coupling in modulating magneto-crystalline anisotropy. The partial substitution position of rare element in the epsilon-Fe2O3 crystal lattice was Fe3+ octahedral site. The results showed that Nd3+ doping yields the most significant enhancement in coercivity (Hc) and uniaxial magnetic anisotropy constant (Ku), attributed to its large orbital angular momentum (L = 6) and strong 4f-3d hybridization. In contrast, Gd3+ (L = 0) modulates anisotropy primarily through lattice distortion and antiferromagnetic coupling, while Sm3+ exhibits intermediate effects due to partial orbital quenching. The ferromagnetic resonance frequency of the doped samples can be tuned across a wide range, covering multiple millimeter wave bands, demonstrating the effective tunability of magnetic anisotropy. This work demonstrates that rare earth ion-doping effectively controls spin exchange coupling to achieve tunable magnetic anisotropy in epsilon-Fe2O3 nano-magnets, offering a viable strategy for designing millimeter wave absorbers.

In this study, seven conjugated organic molecules with different backbone structures and functional groups were selected to surface modify MIL-125(Ti) by a simple one-step solvothermal method, and seven nanocomposites were successfully prepared. The physicochemical and visible-light catalytic properties of the nanocomposites were investigated, which indicated that the hybridization of MIL-125(Ti) with organic molecules could effectively promote the absorption of visible light and the separation of photogenerated charges, making it an effective strategy for regulating the visible-light catalytic properties of MIL-125(Ti). Furthermore, the photo- catalytic performance of MIL-125(Ti) can be effectively regulated by changing the spatial configurations, conjugated structures and functional groups of the surface ligands. Among the seven molecules, 3,3 '- diaminobenzidine maximized the visible-light catalytic properties of MIL-125(Ti), which can be attributed to its regular symmetric spatial configuration, excellent conjugation effects and functional groups, and optimal visible light responsiveness. The total removal of tetracycline hydrochloride by 3,3 '-diaminobenzidine@MIL-125(Ti) under visible light irradiation was as high as 96.2 %, with photocatalysis accounting for 38.9 %. In addition, 3,3 '- diaminobenzidine@MIL-125(Ti) showed good visible-light catalytic effect for haloperidol, hexavalent chromium ions and rhodamine B, of which the total removal rate of rhodamine B reached 92.2 %. The active species capture assays indicated that center dot O2- , h+ and center dot OH played the main role in the photodegradation process. In addition, the generality, reusability and stability of 3,3 '-diaminobenzidine@MIL-125(Ti) were further investigated for multiple pollutant/real water samples, which indicated that 3,3 '-diaminobenzidine@MIL-125(Ti) was an effective scavenger for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with a range of pollutants. This study provides an effective strategy for the preparation of MIL-125(Ti)-based nano-catalysts, and perhaps offers a new idea for preparation of other MOFs-based nano-photocatalysts.

With the increasing complexity of flexible sensor application scenarios, in order to achieve their use in electric and magnetic fields, this paper introduces a core-shell structure with Ni-doped cobalt ferrites as the magnetic core and barium titanate as the dielectric layer, filling it into a polymer matrix to prepare flexible magneto-dielectric elastomer composites. Taking advantages of this design, the targets including the establishment of multi-functionalization and the retention of fine mechanical properties have been simultaneously achieved. The synthesized elastomer composites exhibit fine flexibility and excellent magneto-electric response. An optimum magnetic-induced deformation angle achieves to 55 degrees under an external magnetic field of 8000 Oe, and a maximum electric-induced deformation approaches to about 8.29% under an applied electric field of 5 kV/mm. Besides that, with Ni-doping, the magnetization behaviors of composite fillings could be tuned, resulting a controllable magnetic field response of the synthesized magneto-dielectric rubber composites. This work provides a novel way to design multi-functionalized flexible composites, which is significant for exploring multi-mode flexible sensors.Highlights Magneto-dielectric elastomers were prepared with using core-shell filling. The elastomer composites exhibit fine magnetic and electric field response. The composites maintained good flexible mechanical properties.

Microwave heat treatment has been employed instead of conventional heat treatment to rapidly synthesize yttrium iron garnet (YIG) nano powders based on chemical co-precipitation technique. Pure phase YIG powders can be formed in a short time, only 2 min with microwave heating temperatures above 850oC. As the microwave heating time was 10 min, the average particle size increased from about 34 to 88 nm. Owing to the microwave activation, the surface magnetic disordered phase content decreased and the powders achieved a high saturation magnetization of 30 emu/g. Taking advantages of microwave heating, the nucleation of YIG is promoted, and owing to the activated diffusion and chemical reactions in the precursor powders, the uniform growth of YIG particles is established. All these make contributions to the rapid formation of high-quality YIG nano powders.

To further understand the structure impact of surface ligands on the performance of MIL-125(Ti), two molecules (TBPETC and TPETA) with different structures were designed to surface-modify MIL-125(Ti). The characterizations of powder X-ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared spectra, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicate the successful preparation of two novel nanocomposites, TBPETC@MIL-125(Ti) and TPETA@MIL-125(Ti). The photoelectrochemical properties of the materials were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectra, photoluminescence spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, respectively, which indicate both nanocomposites have lower bandgap energy and higher electronegativity than MIL-125(Ti). Under visible light irradiation, the removal percentage of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) by TBPETC@MIL-125(Ti) and TPETA@MIL-125(Ti) were 91 % and 76 %. The active species capture experiments and HPLC-MS analysis indicated that center dot O2- and h+ were the predominate active substances and TC can be degraded into small molecules. In addition, the two nanocomposites showed good performance in practical applications, reusability and stability. All the results demonstrate that the effect of conjugate structures of the surface ligand on the properties of the nanocomposites is larger than that of functional groups, and TBPETC@MIL-125(Ti) is an effective material for degradation of TC under visible light in real environment.

The employment of lanthanum (La) doping into barium hexa-ferrite (BaM) nano powders triggers the Fe(II)-Fe(III) electronic-hopping motions, and activates the surface activity for polyaniline (PANI) deposition polymerization. This makes contributions to tunable magnetic properties of BaM and its electric-electric correlations with PANI surface layers, resulting in the interfacial magneto-electric synergistic effect of the composites, which greatly improves the microwave adsorbing properties of BaM nano powders together. The synthesized La0.10Ba0.90Fe12O19/PANI composites exhibit an optimum high-efficiency microwave absorbing performance with a high reflection loss of -69.35dB at 9.84GHz when the thickness of 2.76mm and an effective bandwidth of 5.12GHz with a small thickness of 1.88mm. This technique provides a strategy to refine the properties of magnetic nano powders through interfacial perspective.

In this work, MIL-125 (Ti) surface-engineered with nitrogen-containing molecules was calcined to derive Ndoped TiO2 nanoparticles, aiming to improve the photocatalytic activity of the visible-light to effectively degrade tetracycline hydrochloride (TC). The composition, morphology, structure, optoelectronic properties, and photocatalytic activity of the N-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were studied and discussed. The results from SEM, FTIR and XRD showed that mooncake-shaped TiO2 nanoparticles with different crystals can be obtained by changing the calcination temperatures, and the crystal of N-doped TiO2 nanoparticle changed from rutile to anatase with the temperature increasing. A rutile-anatase mixed-crystal N-doped TiO2 was obtained at 600 degrees C (SM-600), which showed the best visible light responsiveness and optoelectronic properties. Furthermore, SM-600 exhibited excellent removal performance for TC at both high concentrations (10 mg/L-50 mg/L) and low concentrations (3 mg/L-7 mg/L) of TC, the removal efficiency can reach 95.8 % at a low concentration of 3 mg/L and 90.85 % at a high concentration of 30 mg/L. In addition, SM-600 showed good recoverable performance and structural stability. The degradation mechanism of SM-600 for TC was explored based on the results of the reactive substances, which showed that center dot OH and center dot O2-were the active substances of the degradation process. The intermediate products of the photodegradation of TC by SM-600 was deduced according to the data of the HPLC-MS and the degradation pathway was proposed, which indicated that TC can be degraded by SM-600 into small molecules. This project provides a novel idea to construct N-doped TiO2 with excellent photo-degradation effect under visible light.

Acrylic-based hydrogels, are known for their remarkable water absorption and pH-responsive properties. These can release water to promote cement hydration and expand to fill cracks during the internal curing of concrete. However, their weak interfacial adhesion with concrete and shrinkage-induced micropore formation after the release of water compromise their curing efficienciesy. To address these limitations, this study synthesized europium-bonded acrylic-acrylamide hydrogels (PEu-(AA-co-AM)). Additionally, it systematically investigated the effects of europium bonding on the polymerization behavior, network structure, and water absorption responsiveness, as well as their performance in concrete curing and crack self-healing.The results demonstrated that the reactivity ratios of acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AM), and europium acrylate (Eu(AA)3) were less than one, This indicated a preference for copolymerization, which facilitated the uniform distribution of europium ions within the hydrogel network. The incorporation of Eu ions significantly increased the crosslinking density and water retention capacity of the hydrogel. It imparted a second-order swelling response under varying pH conditions, with a significant increase in the swelling ratio at high pH. Furthermore, compared with unmodified hydrogels, PEu-(AA-co-AM) reduced the porosity of concrete, enhanced the compressive strength, and improved the crack self-healing efficiency. This study has provided theoretical insights and potential applications for the design of europium-bonded hydrogels with superior water-responsive properties for concrete engineering applications.