为全面了解山东省审定小麦品种的构成和品质状况,为优质小麦品种的选用推广和品质改进提供依据,现对1999-2018年山东省审定的125个品种的蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值、吸水量和稳定时间进行分析.结果表明:湿面筋含量和吸水量的平均值较高,分别为33.68％和61.10％;籽粒粗蛋白含量居中,为13.67％;沉降值和稳定时间的平均值较低,分别为32.16 mL和5.40 min.5项指标全部达到强筋、接近强筋、全部达到中强筋、中筋和品质介于中筋和弱筋之间品种的比例分别为4.0％、4.0％、9.6％、32.0％和50.4％.沉降值和稳定时间较短、品质性状间不够协调是导致山东省审定小麦品种中筋偏弱、强筋和中强筋品种不足的重要原因.山东小麦品质改良的重点是提高沉降值和稳定时间,加强强筋、中强筋种质资源的有效利用,提高优质亚基比例,促进各品质性状的平衡发展;在综合考虑杂交亲本遗传背景的基础上,应结合优质HMW-GS定向选择和品质筛选,提高育种成效.

为更加科学地开展小麦理论研究和提高育种成效,对‘鲁麦14’的构思设计与创制思路、突出特点和以‘鲁麦14’为亲本选育出的品种进行了系统分析.从2001年到2018年,中国科学院、中国农科院、中国农业大学和山东、江苏、河北、安徽、河南、山西、陕西、新疆、贵州、天津9省1市的89家科研单位和育种企业,以‘鲁麦14’为亲本直接育成品种39个、间接育成品种92个,这些品种通过9省2市166次审(认)定和36次国家审定.‘鲁麦14’作为新一代骨干亲本,为全国的小麦生产和育种工作做出了突出贡献.

烟农19是烟台市农业科学研究院育成的一个优质、高产、广适性小麦新品种.2012年到2018年,烟农19被7个省份的34家科研单位和企业用作亲本,共育成审定品种30个,其中国审品种7个,这些品种通过省和国家审(认)定55次.表明烟农19不仅是一个优良品种,而且是一个难得的好亲本,育种利用价值很大.

为全面了解超高产小麦品种‘烟农999’的特征特性,为超高产品种的选育提供借鉴,对‘烟农999’的育种目标、选育过程、特征特性以及选育策略进行了分析。结果表明:‘烟农999’产量表现突出,在小麦高产创建中实打12255.0 kg/hm~2,创山东省小麦单产最高纪录和农业部专家实打验收全国冬小麦单产最高纪录;品质优良,在国家黄淮南片冬水组区域试验中连续2年达到国家强筋小麦标准;适应性广,先后通过山东和国家审定;田间综合抗性好。超高产品种的选育要加强种质创新和多种育种方法的应用,注意高穗粒重的选择,提高生物产量,注重产量与品质的协同提高。

笔者以2012-2015年度山东省小麦区域试验和生产试验的结果为依据,分析了‘烟农173’和对照‘济麦22’在产量、产量构成因素、品质等方面的差异.分析采用区域试验中常用的高稳系数法(HSC)和变异系数法(CV)2种方法测定品种的高产稳产性.结果表明:‘烟农173’试验平均产量为8894.6 kg/hm2,较对照增产5.68％,增产达极显著水平;高稳系数和变异系数均值分别为11.08和7.33,均低于对照的16.22和7.74,具有高产与稳产的双重性;籽粒角质、商品性好、中筋品质优.‘烟农173’具有高产稳产、抗逆性强、适应性广等优点,是一个种植前景广阔的小麦新品种.

针对鲁东丘陵地区小麦生育期内干旱缺水、低温冻害、倒春寒及干热风等灾害频发的生态环境,山东省烟台市农业科学研究院小麦所利用'济麦22'为母本、自育品种'烟2415'为父本进行杂交,采用水旱一体种植、平行优势选择、抗逆生态选择、水旱联合鉴定的系统方法,育成了水旱兼用、多抗、高产小麦新品种'烟农173'.2012—2014年山东省两年区域试验平均产量为8982.2 kg/hm2,较对照'济麦22'增产6.17％;2014—2015年参加生产试验,平均产量为8719.4 kg/hm2,较对照'济麦22'增产4.70％;2016年2月通过山东省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号为2016005.该品种具有高产稳产、抗旱节水、抗寒、抗倒春寒、抗干热风、成熟落黄好、综合农艺性状优良、籽粒商品性好等特点,适宜在山东、山西及河北等中高肥水及旱地推广种植.

烟农999(原代号:烟99102)是烟台市农科院选育的超高产优质广适性小麦新品种,2011年和2016年分别通过山东省和国家审定.该品种增产潜力大,曾在2014年小麦高产创建中亩产817.0 kg,创山东省小麦单产最高纪录和农业部专家实打验收全国冬小麦单产最高纪录.本文作者对烟农999的主要特性、产量表现、品质表现、抗性表现及超高产栽培技术进行了总结,以期为超高产小麦的选育和推广提供借鉴.

In order to define the present status and progress of wheat quality breeding in Shandong Prov-ince in recent years,the quality characters of 306 new lines were determined in Shandong wheat regional test in 2008 ~2014.The grain quality,protein content,milling quality,farinograph parameters were determined and analyzed.The results showed that the average unit weight of 806 g/L,the hardness index was 66,the grain crude protein content of 14.0%,wet gluten content of flour 35.9%,sedimentation value and 32.5 mL, the water absorbing capacity of flour was 62 mL/100 g,the dough stability time was 3.8 min,the flour yield was 70.6%,and the whiteness of 75.6.The bulk density,hardness index,crude protein content,wet gluten content,water absorbing capacity overall level of new lines were higher;the sedimentation value was seconda-ry;the flour yield and stable time were lower;the flour whiteness was poor.Only four lines had higher com-prehensive quality characters which reached the national standard of strong gluten wheat but not the weak glu-ten wheat.The poor milling quality and the short dough stability time were the main problems of the new wheat lines in Shandong wheat regions test.

The yield, agronomic characters, resistance and quality characteristics of new wheat lines in Shandong regional test during 2012-2013 were analyzed with Jimai 22 as the check .From the analysis , some problems were found in grain number per spike , 1 000 -grain weight , plant height , resistance to lodging , comprehensive resistance to diseases , quality characteristics , and so on .Several suggestions were put forward in the end for breeding direction of Shandong wheat .

The breeding ideas and technology of wheat variety Yan 2415 were studied in this paper.It was considered that the early generations could be screened through single spike selection instead of individual selection on the basis of cross combination;on the selection of physiological characters, more attentions should be paid to the ratios of grain number per spike to flag leaf area and grain weight per spike to flag leaf area;on the selection of stress resistance and yield stability, more attentions should be paid to fecundity;high-low-density alternating selection technology could be used in advanced lines selection.All these above were effec-tive methods to improve wheat breeding efficiency.

The field plot experiment was used to study the effects of topdressing nitrogen fertilizer on yield and quality of wheat variety Yannong 5158. The results showed that topdressing nitrogen fertilizer had an apparent influence on effective spike number,and the treatment of basal application of 70% nitrogen and topdressing 30% nitrogen at jointing stage had the highest yield. The grain protein and wet gluten contents and stable time could be significantly improved by delaying nitrogen application stage,and increased with the increase of topdressing nitrogen proportion. With the delay of nitrogen application stage,wheat flour whiteness declined and then raised. Comprehensively considering yield,quality and flour whiteness,the treatment of basal application of 70% nitrogen and topdressing 30% nitrogen at jointing stage had higher yield and quality and better flour whiteness.

The yield and its 3 components of 38 high-yielding wheat varieties approved in Shandong Province from 2006 to 2012 were analyzed using correlation and path analysis methods. The effects of 3 components on yield and their correlations were studied. The results showed that the yields of high-yielding wheat varieties approved in recent 7 years were relatively stable. Through simple correlation analysis,1 000-grain weight was significantly positively correlated with yield; grain number per spike was not significantly positively correlated with yield; and panicle number per unit area was not significantly negatively correlated with yield.The correlation degree of 1 000-grain weight was higher than that of grain number per spike,and that of panicle number per unit area was the lowest. Through partial correlation analysis,the 3 yield components were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with yield,and 3 yield components were extremely significantly negatively correlated. The direct path coefficients of 3 yield components to yield were all positive,which ranked as panicle number per unit area,1 000-grain weight and grain number per spike in order. The analysis results showed that under recent soil fertility and planting conditions on the basis of stabling current high panicle number per unit area,breeding high-yielding wheat variety in Shandong Province should focus on the selection of grain weight and consider the grain number per spike,and the relative coordination of 3components should be noticed at the same time.

In order to give full play to the use value of Yannong 21 in breeding and germplasm,its characteristics including drought resistance,high yield and high-quality strong gluten were analyzed in this paper.The results showed that Yannong 21 contained the good-quality subunits 1,17+18 and 5+10,so it could be used as rare genetic resources with excellent quality and good gene source for new germplasm creation.Its parents had rich genetic basis,which was the reasons for its collection of drought resistance,high yield,good-quality strong gluten.

In recent years,the wheat production increased year by year in China,but it still failed to meet people's demand for wheat.Establishing super-high yield of wheat had important significance to satisfy people's needs and guarantee the grain security in China.In this paper,the varieties,climate,cultivation patterns and other influencing factors were discussed in order to provide reference for wheat super-high-yielding establishment.

A combination approach of field surveys,indirect ELISA and electron microscopy was carried out to provide accurate information on the distribution of Polymyxa graminis transmitted wheat mosaic viruses in China during 2008-2010.The results showed that serious disease had spread westward and northward in Chinese winter wheat growing regions during the last decade.Wheat yellow mosaic virus was found for the first time at Taian（Shandong province）,Shangqiu（Henan province）,Danjiangkou,Xiangfan and Suizhou（Hubei province）.Neijiang was the only area where the disease observed in Sichuan province.The complex infection of WYMV and Chinese wheat mosaic virus（CWMV） has become more serious in Jiangsu province.WYMV and CWMV had disappeared from Zhejiang province.Cultivation of resistant wheat varieties is the only economic mean to control the diseases,so it is necessary to evaluate the resistance of wheat varieties for their further use in wheat production.

To reveal the yield components of wheat yield of the three factors on the relative importance,using correlation and path analysis,on the Shandong Province from 2008 to 2009 wheat area of high fat group trial of 165 wheat varieties (lines) yield and its components were analyzed.The results showed that: the coefficient of variation of yield components size: spikes> grains per spike> 1000-grain weight;Yield components and yield related degree: spikes> grains per spike> 1000-grain weight;Partial correlation analysis,spike and thousand seed weight and yield were highly significant positive correlation,the number and yield of grain was positively related to yield components are the partial correlation between the significant negative correlation;The direct path coefficient of three yield components on yield is positive,which is the result of partial correlation analysis is consistent.According to the analysis and ecological conditions in Shandong Province and current characteristics of growing conditions,breeding and cultivation of wheat should be based on large groups of varieties of multi-spike-based,and to stabilize grains per spike,1000-grain weight increased.

In order to know the situation of wheat quality breeding in Shandong Province,the quality characters of 62 wheat varieties(lines) in regional trials of Shandong Province in 2007~2008 had been analyzed.The results were as follows.The average level of the quality characters were 1000-grain weight of 42.1 g,test weight of 784 g/L,protein content of 12.8%,wet gluten content of 33.5%,sedimentation value of 31.1 ml,water Absorption rate of 59.4%,development time of 3.6 minutes,stability time of 4.4 minutes,flour yield of 67.9% and flour whiteness of 76.7.Three wheat varieties reached the state standard of strong gluten wheat,while 6 varieties reached the standard of middle gluten wheat and none belonged to weak gluten wheat.The main problems affecting the quality of current wheat varieties were the lower protein content and the shorter stability time in Shandong Province.

The yield,quality and their relationship of regional trial wheat varieties in Shandong province were studied.The results revealed that the yield and wet gluten content were higher,while the protein content and stability time were lower,so the relationship between wet gluten and stability time was not harmonious in these varieties;the correlations between grain yield and the contents of protein and wet gluten were negatively significant at 1% level,while the correlations between grain yield and dough rheological properties such as stability time were not significant.The wheat breeding for quality should keep certain protein content,attach importance to the quality improvement of protein and wet gluten.We suggested that good-quality group should be built,and varieties were accepted or rejected according to the control of good-quality group in wheat regional trial.Meanwhile,we should take management such as the technique of N application at later growth stage to harmonize the contradiction of high yield to good quality,and detect wheat HMW-GS composition of regional trial varieties to improve foresightedness for wheat breeding.

The new wheat variety Yannong 22 with early maturity,high yield and wide adaptation was bred by complex hybridization at Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences.It was derived from the parental varieties of Lumai 14,Wei 132 and 87Chu 20.Ranking first of the tested varieties in Shandong wheat regional and productoin trials of late sowing and early maturing group,Yannong 22 was approved by Shandong Province Crop Cultivar Examination and Approval Committee.The breeding strategies for early maturing and high yield wheat were also introduced on formulating aim,selecting parents,earlier ear selecting and comprehensive considering of other characters.

The new wheat variety Yannong 5286 with high and stable yield,strong gluten and disease resistance was bred by Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 1995 using Lumai 14 as female parent and Yan945015 as male parent.Its average yield was 535.23 kg per 666.7m2 increasing 7.40% over Lumai14 in A group of Shandong wheat regional trials from the year 2003 to 2005,while that was 480.51 kg increasing 5.23% over Jimai19 from 2006 to 2007.It was approved by Shandong Approval Committee of Crop Varieties in September 2007.