为解决卷烟主要物理指标质量监控样品无法检测通风率、无法重复使用等问题,设计了一种应用于卷烟综合测试台且可重复使用的监控样品.使用弹性材料作为包裹层、多孔材料作为填充层,实现监控样品的重复使用;利用吸阻恒流管和通风率恒流管,实现卷烟吸阻和通风指标的模拟;通过质量控制图实现检测过程监控,有效识别检测中的问题.对监控样品的性能和适用性进行评价,并对主要应用场景进行效果分析,结果表明:①实现了对卷烟质量、圆周、吸阻、硬度、长度、通风率等全部物理指标的模拟检测;②监控样品的稳定性和均匀性显著优于卷烟,各项指标变异系数均明显低于卷烟样品,硬度的变异系数<2％,其余指标的变异系数均<1％,连续5年测试的吸阻极差为9 Pa,通风率极差为1.7％,其余指标平均值和标准偏差基本无变化,适用于不同型号的卷烟综合测试台;③监控样品在卷烟物理指标实验室比对、检测过程监控、标准测量方法的重复性与再现性评价、测量审核4种质量控制活动中应用效果良好,能够保证测试结果的有效性与可比性.

为了考察环境条件对爆珠力学性能的影响,通过测试不同环境条件下爆珠的质量、压破强度、压破形变率和弹性指数,提出了爆珠样品的适宜环境条件.结果表明:①爆珠和爆珠滤棒在"温度(22±1)℃、相对湿度(60±2)％"的环境下调节48 h能够达到温湿度平衡.②爆珠的压破强度、压破形变率和弹性指数在40％～60％相对湿度范围和10～40℃温度范围内略有差异,但差异的程度与样品差异有较大关系.极限温度条件(低于10℃,高于40℃)对爆珠的力学性能有较大的影响,低温冷冻后爆珠的力学性能不可恢复.③爆珠的力学性能在爆珠生产、爆珠滤棒加工和爆珠卷烟加工各环节的温湿度条件下均没有较大差异.

为了考察样品放置方式对卷烟温湿度调节效果和主要物理指标的影响,研究了散装和盒装剪底两种常用样品放置方式对卷烟质量平衡状态和卷烟单支质量、吸阻、总通风率等指标的影响.结果表明:①不同样品放置方式下,卷烟含水率和达到质量平衡的时间有较大差异,散装卷烟经48 h调节后达到平衡状态,盒装剪底调节的卷烟质量随调节时间增加持续增加.②样品放置方式对卷烟不同物理指标的影响有一定差异,对卷烟硬度的影响最大,会造成产品硬度判定结果的变化;对卷烟单支质量有较大的影响;对卷烟吸阻、总通风率、圆周、长度的影响较小.相同调节时间内散装调节的卷烟的质量、吸阻、总通风率、圆周、长度均大于盒装剪底调节的卷烟,硬度小于盒装剪底调节的卷烟.③烟草及烟草制品调节和测试的大气环境标准中应进一步明确卷烟样品温湿度调节时的放置方式,以避免其差异对测试结果的影响,建议调节卷烟样品时应尽量采用散装方式放置.

为满足卷烟纸产品属性鉴别检验的要求,研究了卷烟纸与其他外观形态相似的薄页纸张的阴燃性能和助燃剂钾元素含量,通过对比实验分析了各类纸张的差异,并验证了方法的可行性.结果表明,卷烟纸和其他外观形态相似的普通薄页纸张的燃烧状态、阴燃长度和助燃剂钾元素含量均有明显差异,能够通过阴燃性能和钾元素含量区分卷烟纸和其他外观形态相似的普通薄页纸张.

For evaluating the blending consistence in cigarette production, the make-up of cut filler, including cut strips, cut stems, expanded cut strips and cut reconstituted tobacco, was identified with a model based on convolutional neural network incorporating deep learning approach. The local images, which reflected the microstructural characteristics of cut filler were used as the inputs of neural network. The output corresponding to each local characteristic image was analyzed and identified, and via statistical analysis the constituents of cut filler were determined. The results showed that the identification accuracies of the model for training samples and testing samples were 100% and 84.95%, respectively. The convolutional neural network combining with the corresponding method of result expressing in the model effectively promotes the identification accuracy for cut filler samples.

In order to assess the cutting quality of stem quickly, an analysis method based on visual morphological feature detection was proposed. Morphological analysis method was used to compute the shred content in cut stems (the proportion of shred in cut stems);the length of cut stem was computed by skeleton extraction method and its uniformity was computed by probability density function, the width of cut stem was computed by Hough transform principle and its uniformity by numerical analysis. The proposed method was verified by accuracy, precision and efficiency experiments. The results showed that the measurement accuracy of shred content in cut stems reached 98.73%, the measurement errors of both cut stem length and width were 0.02, which indicated that the measurement was accurate. The variation coefficients of measured shred content in cut stems, length uniformity and width uniformity were 0.6%, 1.0% and 1.5%, respectively;the measurement had good precision. The average time needed for measuring cut stems of 0.01 kg was 11 s with the image processing time less than 2.5 s, which satisfied the requirements for on-line measurement of cut stems of large quantities.

Desktop scanning electron microscope(SEM)was employed to determine special fibers in cigarette paper, and key parameters were researched. The results indicated that: 1)Magnification of 400 to 500 was appropriate for full view analysis of samples, that for micro-morphology analysis and fiber type identification was 1 000 to 2 000. Both backscattered electron detector and secondary electron detector were suitable for the determination of special fibers in cigarette paper; the appropriate accelerating voltage ranged from 5 to 15 kV;and it was not necessary to set the imaging parameters, test area and size specifically. 2)The collaborative validation of the method was conducted with 10 samples in 10 laboratories, and the results of desktop SEM method well agreed with those of current standard method. 3)Comparing with current standard methods, the desktop SEM method shortened the determination time by more than 75 minutes, and the test magnification and efficiency promoted remarkably.

Test method in the current standard of ash content determination for cigarette paper was improved.The ash content of cigarette paper was tested by using oven-dry sample,moisture content determination was omitted.The results showed that there was no statistical difference between the improved method and the one used currently.It was more convenient to do the test by reducing the procedures.

In order to determine the abrasive wear on cigarette packing film,a method was proposed based on machine vision technology.A friction coefficient meter was modified to simulate the abrasive wear on the film,and a digital camera was used to collect the image of worn film.All the characteristic data relevant to the film image were obtained through edge contour extracting,binary processing,image segmentation and denoise processing,and the degree of abrasive wear was calculated by an image processing software.The results indicated that this method was accurate,stable and reliable for determining the abrasive wear of cigarette packing film with the measurement error of 0.1%.

The difference between water-based and solvent-based inks on the surface wettability of tipping paper were studied by the contact-angle test,and the tipping adaptability of different type tipping paper and the quality of tipped cigarette were examined,and their reasons were analyzed by TOF-SIMS.The results showed that: 1) the surface wettability of tipping paper printed with waterbased ink was better than that with solvent-based ink;2) the tipping paper printed with solvent-based ink was superior to that with water-based ink in terms of tipping adaptability and far less cigarettes with appearance defect;3) to improve the tipping adaptability,the surface contact angle of the tipping paper printed with water-based ink should be increased or the property of glue should be improved to ensure sufficient glue on tipping paper surface.

In order to study the factors affecting the design of low ignition propensity(LIP)cigarette,cigarette samples were made of the same tobacco compositions and wrapped with ordinary cigarette paper or banded cigarette paper,the band diffusivity,full length burn rate and deliveries of mainstream smoke were determined,the results showed that: while keeping other conditions unchanged,1) the ratio of full length burn of LIP cigarette increased by more than 60%,the deliveries of tar,nicotine and CO decreased by 4.0%,6.5% and 6.1%,respectively,when the band diffusivity increased by 0.22 cm/s;2) the ratio of full length burn of LIP cigarette increased by about 20%,the deliveries of tar,nicotine and CO decreased by 9.3%,7.9% and 12.7%,respectively,when the content of combustion improver increased by 0.8%;3) at higher combustion improver content,the width/space of band obviously affected the ratio of full length burn but not the deliveries of mainstream smoke.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">民航客机饮水卫生调查中国南方航空（集团）公司航空卫生处（广州５１０４０６）王锦平，魏光明为了解民航客机饮水卫生质量，保障机组人员和旅客的身体健康，我们于１９９３年１月至１９９３年１２月，对中国南方航空（集团）公司驻白云国际机场波音系列客机饮用水的感观...</span>