BACKGROUND:Dry eye disease (DED) commonly impairs quality of life. This phase 3, randomized, double-masked, multicenter, vehicle-controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of 5.0% lifitegrast ophthalmic solution (KH732) in improving signs and symptoms of DED. METHODS:Adults with moderate-to-severe DED and corneal staining score ≥2.0 in any corneal region were randomized 1:1 to lifitegrast (KH732) or vehicle twice daily for 84 days after a 3-7-day vehicle washout. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in inferior corneal staining score (ICSS) at Day 84. Secondary endpoints included changes in total corneal staining score, Eye Dryness Score (EDS), Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), 7-item visual analogue scale, and Ocular Discomfort Score. RESULTS:At Day 84, lifitegrast (n = 309) significantly reduced ICSS versus vehicle (n = 306) (P = 0.027). In a post hoc analysis, the effect was more pronounced in participants with the highest baseline staining in the inferior region (P = 0.046). Lifitegrast also significantly improved EDS (adjusted P = 0.006), ocular discomfort (adjusted P = 0.010), photophobia (adjusted P = 0.004), and OSDI (adjusted P = 0.014) versus vehicle. Post hoc analyses showed significant between-group differences in EDS, photophobia, and OSDI as early as Day 14. No serious ocular adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS:Lifitegrast (KH732) improved both signs and symptoms of DED and was generally well tolerated, with potentially greater benefit in patients with prominent inferior corneal staining.

AIM: To investigate the involvement of pericyte-Müller glia interaction in retinal damage repair and assess the influence of suppressing the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) signaling pathway in retinal pericytes on photoreceptor loss and Müller glial response. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to intense light to induce retinal injury. Neutralizing antibody against PDGFRβ were deployed to block the signaling pathway in retinal pericytes through intravitreal injection. Retinal histology and Müller glial reaction were assessed following light injury. In vitro, normal and PDGFRβ-blocked retinal pericytes were cocultured with Müller cell line (rMC-1) to examine morphological and protein expression changes upon supplementation with light-injured supernatants of homogenized retinas (SHRs). RESULTS: PDGFRβ blockage 24h prior to intense light exposure resulted in a significant exacerbation of photoreceptor loss. The upregulation of GFAP and p-STAT3, observed after intense light exposure, was significantly inhibited in the PDGFRβ blockage group. Further upregulation of cytokines monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was also observed following PDGFRβ inhibition. In the in vitro coculture system, the addition of light-injured SHRs induced pericyte deformation and upregulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression, while Müller cells exhibited neuron-like morphology and expressed Nestin. However, PDGFRβ blockage in retinal pericytes abolished these cellular responses to light-induced damage, consistent with the in vivo PDGFRβ blockage findings. CONCLUSION: Pericyte-Müller glia interaction plays a potential role in the endogenous repair process of retinal injury. Impairment of this interaction exacerbates photoreceptor degeneration in light-induced retinal injury.

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemotaxis effect of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) on human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs). Methods:A lentivirus vector with the enhanced green fluorescent protein gene was constructed and transfected to hADSCs. A control group and an SDF-1 induction group were set to estimate the efficacy of SDF-1 in promoting hADSCs chemotaxis and migration. Results:After 7 days of infection with hADSCs by enhanced green fluorescent protein lentivirus, the positive rate of fluorescence expression detected by flow cytometry was 100%. After the addition of SDF-1 induction, the invasion ability of hADSCs was enhanced. Conclusions:SDF-1 can promote hADSCs migration and chemotaxis, which may play a role in stem cell transplantation.

Importance:Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a leading cause of evaporative dry eye disease (DED). Medical and surgical management for DED is limited; therefore, new treatment options are sought.Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of SHR8058 (perfluorohexyloctane) eye drops in Chinese patients with DED associated with MGD through 57 days.Design, Setting, and Participants:This was a randomized, multicenter, double-masked, saline-controlled, phase 3 clinical trial conducted from February 4, 2021, to September 7, 2022. Patients were recruited from the departments of ophthalmology in 15 hospitals in China. Patients with DED associated with MGD were enrolled between February 4 and July 1, 2021. The diagnosis was based on patient complaint of DED symptoms, an ocular surface disease index of 25 or higher, tear film break-up time of 5 seconds or less, Schirmer I test without anesthesia results of 5 mm or more at 5 minutes, total corneal fluorescein staining (tCFS) score of 4 to 11, and an MGD score of 3 or higher.Interventions:Eligible participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive perfluorohexyloctane eye drops or 0.6% sodium chloride [NaCl]) 4 times per day.Main Outcomes and Measures:The primary end points were the changes from baseline in tCFS and eye dryness scores at day 57.Results:A total of 312 participants were included in the analysis: 156 (mean [SD] age, 45.4 [15.2] years; 118 female [75.6%]) in the perfluorohexyloctane group and 156 (mean [SD] age, 43.7 [15.1] years; 127 female [81.4%]) in the NaCl group. Both primary end points were achieved, ie, changes from baseline at day 57 of tCFS score (mean [SD], -3.8 [2.7] vs -2.7 [2.8]) and eye dryness score (mean [SD], -38.6 [21.9] vs -28.3 [20.8]) in the perfluorohexyloctane group were superior to the control group, with estimated mean differences of -1.14 (95% CI, -1.70 to -0.57; P < .001) and -12.74 (95% CI, -17.20 to -8.28, P < .001), respectively. Improvements on both end points appeared to be noted on day 29 and day 15, respectively, and maintained through day 57. Compared with the control, perfluorohexyloctane eye drops also alleviated symptoms including pain (mean [SD] tCFS score, 26.7 [23.7] vs -18.7 [22.5]; P = .003), awareness of DED symptoms (mean [SD] tCFS score, -38.1 [25.1] vs -23.7 [27.6]; P < .001), and frequency of dryness (mean [SD] tCFS score, -43.3 [23.8] vs -29.1 [24.8]; P < .001). Treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 34 participants (21.8%) and 40 participants (25.6%) in the perfluorohexyloctane and control groups, respectively.Conclusions and Relevance:Results of this randomized clinical trial demonstrate that perfluorohexyloctane eye drops significantly ameliorated the signs and symptoms of DED associated with MGD with a rapid efficacy as well as satisfactory tolerability and safety through 57 days. Findings support the use of these eye drops if results can be confirmed independently and over longer time periods.Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05515471.

Stroke is a group of cerebrovascular diseases with high prevalence and mortality rate. Stroke can induce many impairments, including motor and cognitive dysfunction, aphasia/dysarthria, dysphagia, and mood disorders, which may reduce the quality of life among the patients. Constraint-induced therapy has been proven to be an effective treatment method for stroke rehabilitation. It has been widely used in the recovery of limb motor dysfunction, aphasia, and other impairment like unilateral neglect after stroke. In recent years, constraint-induced therapy can also combine with telehealth and home rehabilitation. In addition, constraint-induced therapy produces significant neuroplastic changes in the central nervous system. Functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and other imaging/electrophysiology methods have been used to clarify the mechanism and neuroplasticity. However, constraint-induced therapy has some limitations. It can only be used under certain conditions, and the treatment time and effectiveness are controversial. Further research is needed to clarify the mechanism and effectiveness of CI therapy.

目的 探讨早产儿视网膜病变(retinopathy of prematurity,ROP)严重程度的危险因素.方法 选取2019年11月—2022年4月在医院就诊及住院的ROP患儿134例,将其分为重度ROP组和轻度ROP组.分析两组ROP的发生与早产儿相关因素和母亲相关因素的相关性.结果 经单因素分析:重度ROP组和轻度ROP组间早产儿相关因素中出生体质量<1500 g、出生胎龄(gestational age,GA)<30周、新生儿支气管肺发育不良和有创机械通气比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);母亲相关因素中妊娠期糖尿病、产前用地塞米松(dexamethasone,DXM)组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).经逐步二元Logistic回归分析:GA<30周与ROP严重程度呈正相关,产前DXM与ROP严重程度呈负相关.结论 早产儿相关因素、母亲相关因素等的因素均会影响ROP的严重程度.其中早产儿相关因素中的GA<30周可导致重度ROP风险加大,母亲产前使用DXM亦可影响重度ROP风险.

目的:评价不同操作者使用视网膜自动图像分析(automated retinal image analyzer,ARIA)软件测量糖尿病患者视网膜血管管径和迂曲度的重复性和再现性.方法:采用前瞻性诊断性试验研究设计,由2名熟练操作者应用ARIA软件对49名糖尿病患者以视盘为中心的45°数码眼底彩照进行视网膜血管半自动分析.通过测量距离视盘0.5～1.0个视盘直径内的视网膜动静脉血管参数,各选取6条最粗的动静脉综合计算得到中央动脉管径当量(central retinal artery equivalent,CRAE)、视网膜中央静脉管径当量(central retinal vein equivalent,CRVE)、视网膜动静脉比值(arteriole-to-venule ratio,AVR)、平均视网膜动脉迂曲度(mean retinal arteriolar tortuosity,MRAT)、平均视网膜静脉迂曲度(mean retinal venular tortuosity,MRVT).在此基础上,评价同一操作者与不同操作者间测量结果的重复性和再现性,并绘制Bland-Altman图进行一致性分析.结果:操作者A两次测量的CRAE、CRVE、AVR差异无统计学意义(t=?0.089、?1.425、1.214,均P>0.05),重复性良好(ICC≥0.725)且高度正相关(r≥0.721).操作者A与操作者B对同一受试者2次测量的CRAE、CRVE、AVR差异无统计学意义(t=?1.169、?0.050、0.941,均P>0.05),再现性良好(ICC≥0.750)且高度正相关(r≥0.697).同一操作者和不同操作者间的MRAT、MRVT差异无统计学意义(P≥0.05),Spearman非参数相关性分析重复性和再现性较好(r≥0.571,r≥0.588,均P<0.01).结论:利用ARIA软件测量糖尿病患者视网膜血管管径及迂曲度具有良好的重复性和再现性.

玻璃体切割术联合硅油填充是治疗复杂视网膜脱离伴增生性玻璃体视网膜病变的有效方法,通常需在术后3～6个月充分评估后将硅油取出.近年来,部分文献报道了一部分患者在硅油取出术后出现不明原因的视力下降,无法采用常规临床检查结果进行解释,严重影响疗效和患者满意度.该文主要针对硅油取出术后不明原因的视力下降问题,对其流行病学、电生理表现、病理生理学机制及影响因素等相关国内外研究现状及发展情况进行综述,为相关病例临床诊疗及判断预后提供参考.

We, the Publisher and Editor of Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, are issuing an Expression of Concern for the following article: Libin Huang, Wei Xu & Guoxing Xu (2013) Transplantation of CX3CL1-expressing Mesenchymal Stem Cells Provides Neuroprotective and Immunomodulatory Effects in a Rat Model of Retinal Degeneration, Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 21:4, 276-285, DOI: 10.3109/09273948.2013.791925 The Editor and Publisher have received concerns about authorship and the integrity of some of the data presented in the article. We have made multiple attempts to contact the Corresponding Author’s institution, Fujian Medical University, to ask them to investigate these concerns. Unfortunately, we have not received any response from the institution within the requested timeframe. Therefore, we advise readers to interpret the information presented in the article with due caution. We will provide an update if any further information comes to light. The authors have been sent notification about this Expression of Concern. OCULAR IMMUNOLOGY AND INFLAMMATION 2021, VOL. 29, NO. 4, 832 https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2021.1889903

Purpose:Blue light triggers apoptosis of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and causes retinal damage. The aim of this study was to elucidate the protective role of transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) in photodamaged RPE cells.Methods:RPE cells were isolated from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and exposed to varying intensities of blue light (500-5000 lux) in vitro. Cell proliferation and metabolic activity were respectively assessed by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting were used to analyze the TRPM7, protein kinase C (PKC), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Bcl2-associated x/B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bax/Bcl-2) messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression levels. The cells were transfected with TRPM7 small interfering RNA (siRNA) or transduced with TRPM7-overexpressing lentiviruses and cultured with or without the pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF).Results:Blue light inhibited the proliferation and metabolic activity of RPE cells in an intensity-dependent manner when compared to nonirradiated controls (P < 0.05). Compared to the control, photodamaged RPE cells showed decreased levels of TRPM7, PKC, ERK, and Bax, and an increase in Bcl-2 levels (P < 0.01). Forced expression of TRPM7 partially rescued the proliferative capacity of RPE cells (P < 0.01) and restored the levels of TRPM7, PKC, ERK, and Bax (P < 0.01), whereas TRPM7 knockdown had the opposite effects (P < 0.01). TRPM7 and PEDF synergistically alleviated the damaging effects of blue light.Conclusions:Blue light triggers apoptosis of RPE cells, and its deleterious effects can be partially attenuated by the synergistic action of TRPM7 and PEDF via the PKC/ERK signaling pathway.

糖尿病视网膜病变(Diabetic Retinopathy,DR)是糖尿病比较常见的微血管并发症,其发病率高,后果严重,如不及早干预治疗可致盲,增加社会和家庭的负担. 近年的研究提出了基因单核苷酸多态性(SNP)和单体型同DR的发病相关的观点,通过多个位点和基因的联合产生级联效应和环境暴露变量的加合作用,对个体DR的发生影响显著.因此,研究基因多态性可为糖尿病视网膜病变的及早诊断和治疗提供新思路.

We, the Publisher and Editor of Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, are issuing an Expression of Concern for the following article: Libin Huang, Guoxing Xu, Jian Guo, Maosong Xie, Lisha Chen & Wei Xu (2016) Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modulate Lightinduced Activation of Retinal Microglia Through CX3CL1/ CX3CR1 Signaling, Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 24:6, 684-692, DOI: 10.3109/09273948.2015.1071405 The Editor and Publisher have received concerns about authorship and the integrity of some of the data presented in the article. We have made multiple attempts to contact the Corresponding Author’s institution, Fujian Medical University, to ask them to investigate these concerns. Unfortunately, we have not received any response from the institution within the requested timeframe. Therefore, we advise readers to interpret the information presented in the article with due caution. We will provide an update if any further information comes to light. The authors have been sent notification about this Expression of Concern. OCULAR IMMUNOLOGY AND INFLAMMATION 2021, VOL. 29, NO. 4, 833 https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2021.1889904

Polypoid choroidal angiopathy (PCV) is a common fundus disease in Asian people. It presented as orange-red nodular lesions under ophthalmoscope, which can associate with serous or bloody retinal pigment epithelial detachment and subretinal hemorrhage. Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) is still recognized as the gold standard for diagnosis, but the rise of new auxiliary examination technologies such as OCT and OCTA also provide us with new ideas for the diagnosis of PCV. OCT can clearly display the level of branching vascular network (BVN), and brings us great convenience for follow-up because of its non-invasive and convenience. Clinical diagnosis criteria have also been established according to the OCT features of PCV. With the deepening of understanding of the PCV, different treatment options have been proposed, including monotherapy (such as, thermal laser photocoagulation, intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor, photodynamic therapy and vitrectomy) and combination therapy. In order to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of PCV, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment progress of PCV were reviewed in this paper.( Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2021, 45: 103-110)

In recent years, stem cell research and application in the field of ophthalmology has been highlighted, embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells can be targeted induced to differentiate into retinal pigment epithelial cells(RPE cells), which can obtain transdifferentiation of RPE cells source, through the body stem cells and retinal pigment epithelium cells transplantation is expected to be used in a variety of alternative treatment of the degenerative diseases of the retina. In this paper, the methods and application of various stem cells induced differentiation into RPE cells were discussed.

分析眼视光学专业导论课程内容安排和教学模式,并总结教学经验,提出开设多元化模式的专业导论课程教学,对激发学生学习兴趣、稳定学生专业思想、明确学习目标、做好人生职业规划等有重要的导向作用.建议开放导论课程作为专业招生指导.

间充质干细胞(Mesenchymal stem cell,MSCs)是目前基因工程学和再生医学领域最热门的干细胞之一.许多研究已经表明,间充质干细胞对多种视网膜疾病具有保护作用.该文着重介绍MSCs在视网膜疾病治疗中的作用机制及其研究进展.

BACKGROUND:To study the therapeutic effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) against retinal neovascularization and to compare with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy. METHODS:Neonatal C57BL/6 mice were exposed in hyperoxygen and returned to room air to develop oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). Red fluorescent protein-labeled BMSC and Conbercept were intravitreally injected into OIR mice, respectively. Inhibition of neovascularization and apoptosis in OIR mice were assessed through retinal angiography, histopathology and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. RESULTS:BMSC were able to migrate and integrate into the host retina, significantly inhibit retinal neovascular tufts and remodel the capillary network after injecton. Treatment with BMSC increased the retinal vascular density, decreased the number of acellular capillaries and inhibited retinal cell death. This effect was not inferior to current anti-VEGF therapy by using Conbercept. CONCLUSIONS:Intravitreal injection of BMSC exerts a protective effect against retinal neovascularization and offers a therapeutic strategy for oxygen-induced retinopathy.

•Cataract is the most common blinding eye disease in our country. Cataract phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation is the first choice for cataract surgeryꎬ with advantages of a small incisionꎬ mild anterior chamber reactionꎬ repaid recovery and small astigmatism of corneal. Howeverꎬ there are still some patients failed to achieve ideal visual quality after surgery due to various reasons even if the surgery is successful. Cystoid macular edema ( CME) is one of the common complications in pseudophakic eyes affecting postoperative visual quality after cataract surgery. Recent studies on pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME) are reviewed in this paper. •

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most common complications of diabetics and its pathogenesis remains unclear. Studies have shown that mitochondria oxidative damage in retinal nerve cells and neuroglia cell may be the common pathway for the occurrence and development of diabetic retinopathy.