化工行业是我国高危行业之一.近年来,伴随着易燃易爆炸、气体泄漏等各项安全事故的频繁发生,一次次登上诸媒体首端,为化工行业的安全生产敲响警钟.特别是步入现代化发展后,各行各业对化工产品的需求呈递增趋势,且化工行业的规模与数量也在逐渐增加,这就对安全生产管理提出了新的要求与挑战.基于此,此次研究主要通过化工生产安全的重要性与现状进行分析,探究化工安全生产中存在的问题,有针对性地提出有效的对策,为后期学者研究提供有效的参考.

华H90-3井是部署在长庆油田陇东国家级页岩油示范区的一口超长水平段水平井,由于地质运移作用,该井水平段储层不连续,存在断层;砂体孔隙发育良好,地层承压能力低;地层流体活跃,堵漏浆被稀释后不易滞留,无法固化,防漏堵漏难度大.针对上述技术难点,应用当量循环密度监测技术,进行井漏超前预防;采用随钻堵漏技术,提高堵漏效率;研发阻水型可固化纤维堵漏工作液,配合漏层精准定位技术,实现漏层一次封固,形成了页岩油超长水平段防漏堵漏关键技术.该技术进行了现场应用,实现了华H90-3井顺利完钻,完钻水平段长度达到5060 m,刷新亚洲陆上页岩油水平井最长水平段纪录.研究认为,该技术为我国页岩油超长水平段水平井钻井提供了技术借鉴.

井漏是影响钻井安全作业最严重的复杂情况之一,已成为制约钻井勘探开发速度的主要技术瓶颈.尤其多层系、反复频发性井漏不仅给钻井施工带来巨大的人力、物力损失,也会引发卡钻、井塌、井喷等一系列井下复杂情况,甚至导致井眼报废.主要介绍长庆油田苏东区块水平井现场应用的桥塞、高失水、水泥浆、纤维水泥、超分子凝胶等几种堵漏技术,探讨适合不同漏速的堵漏方法,提高堵漏施工效率.

Slag ternary phase diagram is the key and difficult point of nonferrous metallurgy principle. Through summarizing and condensing the basic knowledge of phase diagrams, and making dynamic courseware of cooling process can grasp the relevant knowledge of the ternary phase diagrams more intuitively and firmly. Combined with the basic rule of concentration triangle, this paper analyzes the cooling process of local projection system to better understand the slag phase diagram, thus training the capacity of solving practical problems by using phase diagram knowledge flexibly.

目前长北气田已进入三期井丛开采,大部分井丛分布在长北气田区块的边缘地带,储层段富含炭质泥岩、泥岩以及凝灰岩,井壁坍塌掉块和遏阻卡钻问题突出,已有的研究表明泥岩水化膨胀是造成水平段井壁失稳的主要原因,因此提出通过提高ASS-1钻井液体系密度和增强钻井液体系抑制性来解决这一问题,但是常规加重剂石灰石粉,虽能提高钻井液密度,但不能满足增加抑制性的要求,为此研发出了一种新型的钻井液用液相加重剂NS-1.室内着重研究了NS-1的加重能力,与酸溶暂堵钻井(完井)液ASS-1体系的配伍性、抑制性、腐蚀性以及对储层的影响.研究结果表明:NS-1具有较强的加重能力,浓度20％的NS-1即可将ASS-1体系加重至1.18g/cm3以上,同时还具有与ASS-1体系配伍性好、抑制性强、腐蚀速率低和低污染等优点.钻井液用液相加重剂NS-1的研发不仅很好解决长北区块长水平段泥岩安全钻进问题,也可为其它油田相似区块钻井液液相加重剂的研发提供借鉴.

苏里格分支水平井难度最大的地方在于分支井眼,分支井眼首次将大斜度井段和水平段设计为全裸眼,针对苏里格气田分支井眼斜井段和水平段处于同一裸眼段的技术难题,室内研发了强抑制性有机-无机盐低伤害钻井（完井）液体系,并在桃7-14-18H分支井和桃7-15-20H分支井的分支井眼成功试验应用.室内和现场试验结果表明,该体系能有效解决气井水平井斜井段和水平段同处于裸眼段情况下的的泥页岩井壁失稳、气层保护、高摩阻大扭矩、井眼净化、携砂悬砂等一系列技术难题.该体系抑制性强,其页岩一次回收率达到了97.2％,二次回收率达90.3％;体系利于保护产层,对盒7和盒8产层岩心的平均伤害率为10.60％,属于低伤害.钻井液优良的综合性能保障了1742m装有裸眼封隔器的套管完井管串直接穿越裸眼斜井段安全下至水平段的预定位置.

Faced with the pressure from reducing cost and increasing penetration rate, the drilling fluid system is optimized,and the ultra-low clay and crude oil mixed drilling fluid system is successfully applied in two wells of horizontal sections over 600 m.The content of clay is limited but the content of ultra-fine calcium carbonate is increased, and K.C1 is used to improve inhibition, also the crude oil modifies the lubricating performance.

Take the surfactants with boron RDEB as the foaming agent to micro-foam drilling fluid system, the system has advantages of good foaming tendency and stability when its content is 1.0%, the settling time may reach above 12 h. Moreover, RDEB has good compatibility with the chemical additive commonly used in drilling fluid. The micro-bubble drilling fluid system has advantages of rheological property, dehydration wall-building properties, temperature resistance and anti-pollution capacity, which can satisfy the demands of complexity oil and gas reservoir formation when used RDEB as foaming agent. RDEB is applied in micro-bubble drilling fluid system, which not only develops a new kind of foaming agent, but also provides a new direction for its application in oilfield chemistry.