The novel mixed-valence vanadium oxide V10O24 center dot 12H(2)O nano-structure were prepared by Sol-Gel process with the industrial V2O5 powder as the starting materials and a simple peroxyde reaction route in this paper, and the formation mechanism has been clarified. XRD, TEM, TG-DSC, FTIR and XPS measurements were used to obtain structure and infrared vibration of the V10O24 center dot 12H(2)O. The analyses showed that the V10O24 center dot 12H(2)O have a nano-structure with porous, and the diameter about 40-60 nm. The infrared absorption properties were discussed based on the vibration model and the change of bond length before and after reaction. It has reveal that shift of the absorption peaks of the V10O24 center dot 12H(2)O was caused by the lattice expansion and formation of low valence vanadium ion in V10O24 center dot 12H(2)O. This mixed-valence vanadium oxide has a nanoporous structure which make it a potential candidate to be used as cathode in lithium-based batteries.

Ambient pressure dried V2O5 aerogels are prepared from crystalline V2O5 and H2O2(30wt%) by sol-gel method and solvent exchange process.The microstructure,crystalline structure and vibration modes of the V2O5 aerogels are investigated by SEM,TEM,XRD,FTIR and Raman.The experimental results show that ambient dried V2O5 aerogels exhibit a fibrous microstructure,the distance of inter-layers increases distinctly,and the average pore diameter is about 16nm.These properties indicate that the ambient pressure dried V2O5 aerogels can be used as good cathode material for lithium batteries.

Lithium vanadium oxide nanotubes as cathode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries were ME prepared via a sol-gel reaction followed by hydrothermal treatment, in which V2O5 and LiOH center dot H2O were used as raw materials and C16H33NH2 as structure-directing template. Structure and morphology of the nanotubes were investigated by SEM, TEM, XRD, FT-IR and XPS. Meantime, electrochemical behavior of the materials was researched by cyclic voltammetry. The results show that the inner and the outer diameters of the obtained nanotubes are of about 30nm and 70nm with length between 1 mu m to 3 mu m, respectively. It is also confirmed by XPS that the elements of the products are made up of various chemical states. The electrochemical performance indicates that the obtained nanotubes as cathode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries have good lithium-ion insertion/deinsertion reversibility.

To avoid the use of rare copper alkoxides, copper oxide aerogels were prepared using copper chloride, polyacrylic acid and propylene oxide via the dispersed inorganic sol–gel method, a supercritical fluid drying process and a 500 °C thermal treatment. The morphology and composition of the aerogel without thermal treatment (copper-based aerogel) and copper oxide aerogel were both characterized and analyzed. Based on studies of the gelation mechanism, it was demonstrated that polyacrylic acid guides the sol formation including providing a steric effect. Analysis of the thermal treatment process shows that the copper-based aerogel has four primary thermal reactions and the major composition of samples treated above 420 °C is monoclinic copper oxide.

The novel vanadium oxide V10O24·12H2O is prepared by sol-gel process and solvent exchange process with the industrial V2O5 powder as the starting materials and a simple peroxidation route.The structure and AC impedance properties of V10O24·12H2O are clarified.It's shown that V10O24·12H2O has a layer structure with V5+and V4+ mixed.New equivalent circuits modeling are proposed to fit the experimental electrochemical impedance spectroscopies,and the fitting results are in agreement with the experimental results.This vanadium oxide is a potential candidate to be used as new power sources materials owing to its structure and electrochemical properties.

Good electrode materials play an important part in rechargeable Li batteries. In this paper, safe and inexpensive vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) aerogel materials were used as cathode materials. We discussed preparation of the films and lithium ion diffusion at the interface between the cathode and electrolyte by potential-step current transient technique and digital simulations. The results showed that diffusion coefficient (DLi) of the V2O5 aerogel film was 9.18×10-14cm2/s and exchange current was 12.5×10-6A at potential step 3.6~3.5VLi/Li+.

An effective method to prepare the composites of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) was presented. Vanadyl-triisopropoxide (VO(OC3H7)3) was used as the starting material, MWCNTs pretreated with acids by a two-step process was used as the conductive ingredient. V2O5–MWCNTs composites were synthesized via a sol–gel method with solvent exchange and an ambient pressure drying technique. The samples were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, BET, Raman spectra and electrical resistivity measurement respectively. The experimental results indicate that the V2O5–MWCNTs nanocomposite has a fiber-like and tri-dimensional network structure. Its surface area is up to 189.7 m2/g when the MWCNTs’ content is 15 wt%. And MWCNTs are dispersed homogeneously in the composites. The electrical resistivity of the composites decreases from 1,239 to 765 Ω·cm when the MWCNTs’ content increases from 0 to 10 wt%. Thus MWCNTs can improve properties of V2O5 aerogels as the cathode material in lithium batteries.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) doped vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) porous aerogels are a good kind of material as the cathode material in lithium batteries due to their layered structure, high energy density, good reversibility, high capacity for lithium ion insertion. V2O5-CNTs nanocomposites were synthesized by a sol-gel method, using the solvent exchange and ambient pressure drying technique. Electrochemical measurements of the nanocomposite were tested. The lithium ion capacity and cycle ability of the composites were investigated by galvanostatic discharge-charge cycling. The results showed that the nanocomposite had the higher capacity, about 384.0 mAh/g in the first discharge process and 256.3 mAh/g in the second discharge cycle. The charge-transfer reaction at the electrode/electrolyte interface and the kinetic mechanism were too studied by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

V2O5 aerogels are used to be compounded with MWCNTs in this paper.V2O5-MWCNTs composite are synthesized by the sol-gel technique and solvent exchange ways,with V2O5 powders,benzyl alcohol,isopropanol and MWCNTs the raw materials.The structure and properties of MWCNTs and V2O5-MWCNTs composite are studied by TEM,SEM,TG-DSC,etc.

The composite film materials of single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs)and V2O5 were grown by sol-gel technique,followed by dip coating and solvent exchanging.The SWCNTs,purified and trimmed in nitric acid solution,were mixed into the V2O5 aerogel,a mixture of V2O5 powder,benzyl alcohol(BA),and isopropyl alcohol(IP).The microstructures were characterized with ultraviolet visible and infrared spectroscopy(UV-vis-NIR),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),atomic force microscopy(AFM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The results show that high quality composite films of SWCNTs and V2O5 are porous.The Influence of sintering on its optical properties was also discussed.