辽宁省林蛙资源十分丰富,是华北区和东北区林蛙分布最多的省份,省内分布的林蛙有东北林蛙Rana dybowskii、黑龙江林蛙R.amurensis、太行林蛙R.taihangensis、桓仁林蛙R.huan-rensis和韩国林蛙R.coreana.为进一步加强对野生林蛙资源的保护和利用,该文对分布在辽宁省内的几种林蛙进行分类历史和分布范围的整理总结,以期对林蛙资源的保护、利用以及相关研究提供依据.

该文通过收集、整理和分析两栖动物研究文献,结合相关分类网站进行系统总结,对辽宁省两栖动物名录进行厘定.截至2020年底,共记录辽宁省两栖动物2目6科11属16种.与原名录相比,更改了1科、3属、8种共12处,新增花蟾属、腺蛙属、侧褶蛙属3属,辽宁爪鲵、桓仁林蛙2新种.同时,简要叙述了分类变动史.

东北雨蛙在我国主要分布于内蒙古和东北三省,在国外主要分布于朝鲜半岛、日本及俄罗斯等地.本研究对采自辽宁省、黑龙江省、吉林省的东北雨蛙共计77个样品的线粒体DNA细胞色素b基因部分序列进行了相关分析,探究东北地区东北雨蛙的遗传多样性及种群遗传结构.研究结果表明,东北雨蛙77条序列中共发现了30个变异位点,定义了23个单倍型.遗传分化指数FST值和基因流Nm值表明种群间存在不同程度的遗传分化.但遗传距离GD值较小,表明种群间的遗传变异较小.分子方差分析显示,东北雨蛙的种群变异主要来自种群间.中性检验分析和岐点分布分析显示,东北雨蛙种群的大小相对稳定,近期内未发生过明显的种群扩张.东北雨蛙种群呈现较低的遗传多样性,因此,应该加强对东北雨蛙种群的关注与保护.

Genetic diversity among 4 local populations of Rana dybowskii distributed in Liaoning province was analyzed using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers.Five primers were used to amplify 105 individuals,and 44 bands were clearly tested.The populations of R.dybowskii showed a comparatively high genetic diversity.Among 4 local populations,the percentage of polymorphic loci was above 75%,Nei's gene diversity and Shannon index was 0.2851 and 0.4476,respectively.The result of Gst,Nei's genetic distance,analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and Fst showed that there were moderate genetic differentiation among local populations,and the genetic variation within populations was accounted for 78.54% of the total.It is suggested that the barriers of big mountains and the Liaohe plains played important roles in shaping the populations genetic differentiation of R.dybowskii.

p-Bromobenzaldehyde was electrochemical synthesized via indirect oxidation of p-bromotoluene by Mn3+ generated from electrolysis of MnSO4 in H2SO4.The electrolytic oxidation conditions were optimized based on orthogonal experiments of L9(33).The optimized electrolytic oxidation conditions were determined as concentration of sulphuric acid of 6.5 mol/L,molar ratio of p-bromotoluene to Mn3+ 1∶4,electrolysis time of 6 h,synthetic time of 3 h,and temperature of 65 ℃.Under the optimized experiment conditions,the current efficiency and yield of p-bromobenzaldehyde could reach 75.36% and 75.47%,respectively.The present indirect electrosynthesis process is simple in terms of operational path,and the used medium can be recycled without pollution,showing potential application for green production.

By means of chemical co-deposition method,Fe3O4 magnetic microspheres were prepared in carboxymethyldextran-H2O dispersed phase by ultrasonic pretreatment.The product was characterized by IR,TEM,AFM,XRD and vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM) methods.Results show that disperse of nanoparticles is improved by ultrasonic pretreatment method.The magnetic microspheres are roundness with an average size of 100 nm.These nanoparticles show supermagnetism with a magnetization of 35 emu·g-1.