Global change is induced by human activities and these changes impact tourism development. The transportation system especial y aviation consumed by tourists and accommodation facilities in coastal destinations release massive greenhouse gases and contribute to global change. The ocean is very important to the society and the economy, and coastal tourism is one of the main human activities in the coastal zone. Coastal tourism resources are rich in China, and coastal tourism plays a decisive role in the marine economy. Here, we analyze problems and chal enges during the development of coastal tourism resources from the global change perspective, and identify key factors for the future and ecologically friendly coastal tourism resource development and management under the framework of sustainable development. Based on our ifndings we recommend changing the pattern and products of coastal tourism to develop low carbon coastal tourism based on the idea of“green thinking”;more attention on developments of creative tourism products such as ecotourism and alternative tourism;changes to coastal tourism resource utilization by developing low carbon coastal tourism, advocating carbon emission reduction, promoting carbon compensation and carbon economy, and encouraging new energy saving technology application. Stakeholders also need to be considered. All these measures should be implemented and optimized during the process of planning-management-monitoring-evaluation in the dynamic model. Due to limited data on coastal tourism resource development and management in the global change perspective, part of our reference data is from whole tourism research results and this is a shortcoming of our approach.

The origin of a large field of sand ridges offshore from the north Jiangsu coast in the South Yellow Sea has been investigated on the basis of bathymetry, seabed samples, high-resolution seismic profiles and 31 to 71m deep boreholes. Sediment composition including heavy minerals and clay minerals sampled from surface sediments shows that most of the sand was derived from the Changjiang (Yangtze) River, but in the northern part of the field particularly the clay came from the Huanghe (Yellow) River. Seismic profiles show late Pleistocene distributary channels of the ancient Changjiang River underlying much of the southern part of the sand ridge field. The Holocene transgression cut a widespread ravinement surface reworking abundant late Pleistocene sandy sediment. The available sand was reworked by tidal currents into large ridges. The location of the ridges is strongly influenced by relict channels in the southern part of the field and by tidal currents in the northern, and especially the northeastern part of the field, resulting in a radiating ridge pattern. These ridges provide an example of the evolution of a large scale geomorphic feature resulting from river–sea interaction, in which climatic and sea level changes played an important role.

The geomorphological environment is one of the most fundamental variables affecting the development of human society. The mission of geomorphological environment research is to explore the most basic environment and features of our Earth’s surface morphology. The results can be applied to resource evaluation, environmental protection and reducing and preventing geological disasters. Thus, it can serve to help achieve sustainable development. This paper examines the Shenzhen east coastal zone as a case strongly influenced by urban expansion. We use modern geomorphological theory and methods, along with GIS and RS techniques, to reveal key characteristics of the geomorphological environment and landform classification. Furthermore, coastal ecosystem evaluation and regional resources sustainable utilization should be considered relative to the corresponding geomorphological environment. Based on this study, we conclude that modern geomorphological theory and methods, supported by “3S” techniques including GIS, RS and GPS, can play an important role in resolving the environment, resources and population problems as well as sustainable development challenges facing humankind at present.

近年来,由于众多水库修建导致河流入海沉积物量的巨减,与气候变暖相伴的世纪性海平面上升,以及灾害性天气条件(台风、寒潮等)下极端海岸动力状态重现期缩短,使得海岸侵蚀(淹没性损失、剖面调整性侵蚀与极端动力条件造成的侵蚀等)问题日益严重,表现为原淤积型或稳定型海岸转变为侵蚀型海岸,原侵蚀型海岸受蚀加重等.在波浪作用为主的海岸,海滩成为遭受侵蚀最敏感而严重的单元.

In order to design Baipai artificial beach in Sanya Bay, Hainan Island, morphological characteristics of sandy beaches in the surrounding Sanya Bay have been investigated. Based upon these data, an artificial beach has been designed fronting a breakwater for an artificial island in the southern part of Baipai reef. The designed arc-shaped artificial beach is about 400 m long, 40 similar to 50 m wide, including the backshore, foreshore and submarine component parts. The backshore is 20 similar to 30 m wide, and the foreshore more than 10 m with a slope of 4.5 degrees similar to 5.0 degrees. The submarine beach levels out extending to the coral reef platform. The relative height of the artificial beach is about 2.0 m, and fill estimates are for 48,000 m(3) of sand. The ideal borrow sand was determined to be granules to fine quartz sand, especially coarse sand of M-d50=0.5 mm. Based upon USAGE and Japanese empirical formulae, the designed borrow sand and beach slope should lead to a stable artificial beach with relatively low annual loss. Artificial beach construction and renourishment is a desired practice that might reasonably be applied in many places in China, not only to protect the current sandy beaches but also to stimulate the development of the tourist industry.

There are several small-scale rivers with typical fractal features in the eastern coast of Laizhou Bay.The fluvial landform character are deeply influenced by regional land-ocean interaction.Most previous researches on Laizhou Bay focused on the southern coast,mainly including landform descriptions,saltwater intrusion,coastal erosion,sedimentary environment and dynamics and so on.There were few quantitative studies on fluvial landform of the eastern coast.Besides,the fractal features of large-scale rivers have been well-studied,but not the small-scale rivers.In this study,based on the contour data of the eastern coast of Laizhou Bay in 1969 (because there are few anthropic activities at that time),the fluvial landform features are quantitatively analyzed by applying fractal methods,including Overlay Method and Horton's Law,and GIS technology to three typical smallscale rivers (the Huangshuihe River,the Wanghe River and the Jiehe River) in the region.On the basis of Overlay Method's results and He's standard of classification of fluvial landform,the fluvial landform in the eastern coast of Laizhou Bay is on the primary stage,not well-developed;and the river channel fractal dimension data of the Wanghe River is the largest,which demonstrates that its evolution is deeply influenced by historical migration of the river channel.According to Horton's Law,the fractal dimension data show that the evolution of rivers in the eastern coast of Laizhou Bay are natural and normal,and are influenced by the intensity of tectonic movements and the number of fault zones in this region or adjacent area.The fractal dimension data of the Jiehe River is the smallest,because there are only a few fault zones in its drainage area and it is less influenced by the famous Tancheng-Lujiang Fault Zone.Compared with our field work,the fractal methods can better reveal the fluvial landform features of the eastern coast of Laizhou Bay,and both the fractal dimension data and regional Digital Elevation Model (DEM) information are in accordance with the actual fluvial landform features in the region.The fluvial landform features in the eastern coast of Laizhou Bay are related to sustained marine regression process since the Holocene high sea level and the lowering of erosion base level and response to the land-ocean interaction of coastal zone (LOICZ) in this region.The fractal methods are suitable to apply to small-scale rivers,and the final conclusion will be more accurate and comprehensive if more small-scale rivers in the coastal zone are studied.

Through the analysis and study on the present status of Tianjin Port,Caofeidian Harbor Area of Tangshan Port,Lianyungang Port and other deep-water ports,it is considered that taking use of tidal channel and dig-in basins,deepening navigation channels and berths,and employing management information system and automatic technology have become the main trend of development of coastal ports in China.Multi-functional ports and the development of harbor industrial park may speed up the combination of port and city.

Coastal Zone of Jiangsu location,resources,and other characteristics are analysis through studding Jiangsu status of the marine industry development.It is found that the marine economy in Jiangsu industry is heavily dependent on primary industries,secondary and tertiary industries seriously lagged behind and entropy index lower,while the industrial structure are serious.Ports,high-tech marine industry constrained with low speed have became the factor of the deep-seated contradictions to develop the marine of Jiangsu and become a marine economic development constraints of Jiangsu.Marine economic development strategy of choice of Jiangsu was researched,which development north-south both the same times,jianghai linkage,land and sea complement each other,the east into Western Union's marine strategy,highlight the central role of the port,port-industrial areas-coastal cities-the coastal economic belt.The development of the main line of point-axis development ideas.That the port industry,marine chemicals,marine medicine are the three major industries in Jiangsu's leading industries of the marine economy.

通过对海南岛南部三亚湾海岸海洋和东部铜鼓岭海岸海洋环境的调查和研究,探讨了人类活动对海岸海洋环境的深刻影响.结果表明,海南岛三亚湾岸段处于中等开发状态,存在生活污水排放和城市建筑违规等环境问题;东部铜鼓岭岸段处于初级开发状态,环境问题主要是养殖排污.人类活动对海岸海洋环境带来负面效应的同时,也在充分利用海岸海洋资源.因此,根据海岸海洋环境特征,充分发挥人的主观能动性,尽可能减少人类活动对海岸海洋环境的负面影响,扩大人类活动对海岸海洋环境的正面效应.

With the development of modern oceanic observation technologies, coastal survey data have been experiencing a substantial growth. The integration management of the data from different disciplines, different sources and different formats has become a major research field in coastal geomorphology by using Geographic Information System (GIS). This paper puts forward a new methodology framework of GIS techniques in coastal ocean geomorphology, including data acquisition, process, analysis, and representation. It focuses on some major GIS techniques to study the land-ocean interaction mechanism, such as spatial analysis, submarine topography model and three-dimension (3D) visualization, and apply its result to coastal urban planning, harbor site selection and geomorphology environment about coral reef and islands on the continental shelf. The case studies cover the whole coastal ocean to serve the social community, economical development and diplomatic rights for decision-making all round in the coastal zone. The research shows clearly that the application of coastal multi-source geospatial platform has changed the traditional coastal geomorphology science dramatically from its research scope, fields and methods, however, as made clear in this paper, extracting accurate information from remote sensing data and GIS databases for coastal geomorphological applications is a nontrivial challenge that requires the combined knowledge and skills of information scientists and geomorphologists.

In the 21 century,people will come into the age of oceanic economy.The regional economy which is contacted by ocean has been in persistently activity.The concept of circle of extensive South China Sea was put forward and the condition of conception was expatiated in this paper.We predict the development trend of the conception.It is suggested that the fluid of economic factors in the region was enhanced,development of economy in the economic circle of extensive South China Sea was rapid whose speed attains 4.5%.There have abundant petroleum,mineral,resources,ports,channels.The difference of economy in this district is remarkable and economic mutual benefit of those countries is obvious.Sub-economic body of district has more and more good actives,the condition is gradually mature,the circle of oceanic economy have been in clue.

As a lot of earthquakes all around the world show, most destructive earthquakes cause secondary disasters. The loss that secondary disasters cause often goes beyond earthquake disaster itself. The oil tank with flammable and explosive oil often causes destructive secondary damage when it leaks, is fired, and thus exploded. This paper studies the characteristics of oil tank secondary disaster of earthquake and the relationships between the damage of oil tank secondary disaster and the seismic intensity. And it studies the modeling of the seismic influence field and the oil tank hazard caused by earthquake and explains a technological theory of a GIS-based early assessment system for oil tank secondary disaster of earthquake that is designed to rate oil tank hazard in urban area, to help relocate arid reconstruction oil tanks in earthquake resistant design, to supply technical supports for decisionmaking in earthquake disaster relief, and to prevent the oil tank fire and explosion caused by the urban earthquake.

Contingent valuation method (CVM) has irreplaceable role for evaluation of environmental services products. In this paper, CVM reliability, validity, confidence, and quality control were discussed, and Logistic re-gression model was improved with a case at Bengbu City, Anhui Province, China. It is suggested that (1) Through the design of the questionnaire and scientific standards, strictly controlling the quality of research can effectively o-vercome the shortcomings of CVA, reducing subjective arbitrary interference on the results of interviews; (2) Quali-ty control is realized mainly through control of reliability, validity, the confidence level, the validity of the ques-tionnaire , data quality and the quality of researcher to achieve. The quality of data protection is finished mainly through the following steps: firstly, when sampling, to pay attention to the random and representative sample; sec-ondly , to put stress on the researcher and monitors' training quality; thirdly, to make the re-examination; fourthly, for the investigation quality control, to focus mainly on the questionnaire registering, coding and data recording; fifthly, to lay stress on the documentation and data quality through staff and experts' test, sometimes to take appro-priate remedial measures. Quality control can ensure the credibility of the survey questionnaire; (3) Bengbu resi-dents' each household will pay 9.35 Yuan for each month and all city will pay a total of 78. 315 6 million Yuan a year; (4)Different income's people are with different payment willingness. The people with 15 000 -30 000 Yuan annual income, such as civil servants, teachers, lawyers, high-paying cooperation workers, are with the highest willingness to pay. The establishment of regional ecological funds may be an effective method.

A unique radial tidal sand ridge system (RTSRS) has developed under a complex tidal current field on the eastern China coast between the Yangtze River delta to the south and the abandoned Yellow River (Huanghe) delta to the north. The present study examines the sedimentary evolution of a ridge-channel pair in the central RTSRS. Three cores, with two on the ridges and one in the channel, were drilled to reveal the late Pleistocene-Holocene deposits of the system. Five sedimentary facies were distinguished, i.e. ridge-shallow subtidal facies, ridge-deep subtidal facies, near-surface channel bottom facies, middle tidal flat facies and low tidal flat facies. The ridge-shallow subtidal facies consists of sandy strata with ripple cross beddings, horizontal lamina, and massive beddings. Bioturbation seldom occurs. The ridge-deep subtidal facies is primarily characterized by sandy and muddy interlayers with common flaser and lenticular bedding structures. Bioturbation appears abundantly. Massive and graded sediment sequences of storm origin are present as characterized by rich shell fragments. The near-surface channel bottom facies consists of loose, soft, clayey silt deposits with deformed sedimentary layers. This facies occurs in the deeper part of the active channels. The middle tidal flat and lower tidal flat facies composed of silt-clay couplets prevailed primarily in the tidal flats. Incomplete sedimentary successions show that coastal plain deposits dominate in the study area during 12–13 ka B.P. The sandy ridge and channel facies became dominant during 4–6 ka B.P. when the sea level receded temporarily. Tidal ridge and channel in the study area became active during the last four decades. Sediment reworking due to typhoon and sandy ridge migration plays a key role in shaping the present radial ridge system.

<正>由南京大学与台湾大学联合举办的第八届海峡两岸地貌学研讨会于2007年8月6-17日在新疆召开,会议由南京大学王颖院士、台大林俊全教授分别担任主席。在学术交流会上中国科学院新疆分院夏训诚教授、南京大学的王颖院士、朱大奎教授、台湾大学的张长义教授和林俊全教授分别作了"新疆罗布泊环境变迁"、"渤海曹妃甸深水港动力地貌研究"、"台湾山地高速公路建设风险分析与评估"和"地形对生态、环境影响评估的研究"的学术报告。

With the development of modern oceanic observation technologies, coastal survey data have experienced a substantial growth. The integration management of the data from different disciplines, different sources and different formats has become a major research field in coastal geomorphology by using geographic information system (GIS). A new methodology framework of GIS technology is put forward in coastal ocean geomorphology, including data acquisition, process, analysis, and representation. It focuses on some major GIS technology to study the land-ocean interaction mechanism, such as spatial analysis, submarine topography model and three-dimensionol (3-D) visualization, and apply its result to coastal urban planning, harbor site selection and geomorphological environment about coral reefs and islands on the continental shelf. The case studies cover the whole coastal ocean to serve the social community, economical development and diplomatic rights for decisionmaking all round in the coastal zone. The research shows clearly that the application of coastal multisource geospatial platform has changed the traditional coastal geomorphological science dramatically from its research scope, fields and methods, however, as made clear, extracting accurate information from remotely sensed data and GIS databases for coastal geomorphological applications is a nontrivial challenge that requires the combined knowledge and skills of information scientists and geomorphologists.

Based on core log,14C dating,grain size analysis as well as ground-penetrating radar images,genesis of Hongmen coastal barrier and the environment were discussed.Four cores are available along ground-penetrating radar transects.The cored sedimentary succession in the coastal barrier of Hongmen area can be subdivided into three units from bottom to up.The bottom unit is mainly composed of gray to dark gray clay with calcareous concretion,which is interpreted as an exposed unit formed 6 400 aBP.This unit followed by an extensive transgression clay,probably formed in a near-shore,shallow(20 m) and hyposaline(ca.30) environment in accordance with foraminifera assemblages.At about 6 000 aBP,the coastline kept steady,and in this circumstance,an increase of sandy supply or a decline of relative sea level was triggered by the development of coastal barrier in Hongmen area.The lower part of the barrier is mainly composed of coarse sandy granule,with great amounts of shell.It gradually becomes granule coarse sand into the upper part of the barrier.These sandy barriers can be chronologically correlated to the sandy barriers of north Jiangsu.After about 5 000 aBP,the sea level declined and probably retreated from the area,meanwhile the development of the sandy barriers stopped.Deposits of Hongmen coastal barrier are coarser than those of modern Haizhou Bay beach and cheniers of northern Jiangsu coastal plain.The grains are concentrated between 0～1 Φ,with a worse sorting than in modern Haizhou Bay beach sediments.It indicates that the Hongmen coastal barrier is very close to a river mouth area where flooding can carry coarse materials.The ground-penetrating radar is tentatively used to augment standard geomorphic and stratigraphic techniques.The radar images show a series of seaward oblique reflectors,which indicate a coastal progradation during barrier growth.This coastal progradation can be interpreted as having lots of material supply during that time.The results show the ground-penetrating radar is a useful technology for interpreting coastal barrier stratigraphy which can be applied to informed,sensible land use planning and environmental assessments.

In order to meet the requirements of economic development, large-scale land reclamation has been carried out in the Inner Lingdingyang Frith in recent years. As a result, the tidal flat and the channels are squeezed, the flood disasters increase and the environment is badly influenced. Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey Bureau ( GMGSB ) conducted an integrated project for marine geological environmental geo-hazardous survey in 2003. Using the investigation data obtained as well as the multi-date remote sensing images ( in 1977, 1978, 1988, 1996, and 2003 ) and background data in the frith, the characteristics of dynamic changes of coastal land use structure are analyzed comprehensively. The results revealed that the coastal land reclaimed in the early years was used mainly for agriculture and aquaculture, but later it has been used mainly for the development of high-tech industry.

With social economic development,Marine Quaternary geology not only studies the influence between human activity and ocean,but also widely applies to marine engineering, mineral resources,comprehensive marine management,environment and hazards.It can provide fundamental geological data and scientific base for littoral layout and construction,and give the valuable suggestions for avoiding disaster and protecting environment.According to the author' s work and examples from others,the paper disserts the various research categories and their applications in the field of marine Quaternary geology,and summarizes its researching method and developing trend in the future,inc.to set up the data centre of marine information,to improve the investigation and research of marine geology,to enhance marine monitoring and prediction, and to promote the production to serve social development well.The paper thinks marine Quaternary geology is indispensably a kind of science for marine exploitation,comprehensive marine management,and other affairs,it plays a very important role in social development.It is necessary to enhance and improve the work of marine Quaternary geology.

Land reclamation is a complex marine environmental engineering and has a huge impact on social, economic, and physical environment. Reclamation environmental impact assessment (REIA) is also a complicated project, including the assessment of social economic background, ocean engineering, coastal geomorphology, sediment transportation, marine hydrodynamics and marine ecosystem and so on. Nowadays, a large number of land reclaimed projects have been carried out or in the process of construction along the coastal zone, thus, it is necessary to build up a framework on REM to evaluate and quantify the environmental changes, to contribute to reclamation program, to reduce marine environmental disasters, and to sustain development of coastal zone. This article focuses on the research of RELA framework theory and puts forward a REIA model on land reclaimed evaluation, at the same time, applies this assessment system in Shenzhen City, which is a highly developed coastal city with an expectation of land reclamation. By use of the Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques, along with the topographic map and in situ survey in reclamation area, it concludes that the area of 2680 hectares in total has been reclaimed in Shenzhen city by the end of the year 2000. Thus, reclamation is usually applied to meet the needs for infrastructure, such as harbors, industries and highways in Shenzhen City. However, some serious negative impacts have been created to the coastal environment shown clearly in the following aspects. Firstly, it caused the dramatic changes of tidal flat and channels along the western coast, made this area more unstable, which is threatening the function of the harbor in this area. Secondly, Tidal prism has decreased rapidly. During the 20 years of reclamation, the tidal prism has been reduced by 20% similar to 30% along the western coast in the Lngdingyang Estuary, and 15.6% in the Shenzhen Bay. As a result, the velocity of the tidal current has also declined, and the direction of the tidal current has changed, which is harmful to the dilution and diffusion process of the contaminants. Thirdly, it has threatened the eco-environment finally., More than 147 hectares of mangrove area along the coast of Shenzhen Bay, accounting for 48.8% of the total mangrove reserve area in this region, has been reclaimed only during the short period from 1988 to 2000. Thus, the biodiversity is decreasing, and more and more plants and animals are disappearing. Based on the above analyses of the environmental impacts, strategies and suggestions for the future reclamation in this area have been put forward in order to support the sustainable development of the coastal zone.