Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver-dominant metastases remain major causes of cancer mortality, and yttrium-90 transarterial radioembolization (TARE) offers a vital treatment option for unresectable cases. Accurate dosimetry is critical for maximizing tumor control while minimizing lung toxicity, yet conventional planar scintigraphy may overestimate lung shunt and compromise therapeutic efficacy. This study evaluated the value of Q.Liver software in planning yttrium-90 TARE for liver cancer. Methods:A total of 45 patients with liver cancer scheduled for treatment with yttrium-90 resin microspheres TARE were enrolled. Treatment planning was conducted via the partition model with two approaches for each case: the traditional method based on planar scintigraphy and the Q.Liver software based on single-photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging. Differences in liver and lung volume between the two methods were compared. Differences in lung shunt fraction (LSF) were analyzed in 43 patients, and yttrium-90-prescribed activity, liver-absorbed dose (DLiver), and lung-absorbed dose (DLung) were compared between the two methods for the same patient. In the planar method, liver and lung volumes were obtained by enhanced CT, and LSF was obtained by planar scintigraphy; in the Q.Liver method, LSF, liver and lung volumes were obtained via SPECT/CT. The yttrium-90-prescribed activity, DLiver, and DLung of each method were calculated. Results:(I) The liver and lung volumes in the planar and Q.Liver methods were 1,809 and 1,820 mL (P=0.36), respectively, and 3,279 and 2,587 mL (P<0.05), respectively. (II) The LSF in the planar method was higher than that in the Q.Liver method (6.08% vs. 3.96%). (III) Yttrium-90-prescribed activity was higher in the planar method than in the Q.Liver method (2.02 vs. 1.82 GBq), The sum of DLung was 345.53 Gy in the planar method and 221.82 Gy in the Q.Liver method. (IV) With DLung being constant in the treatment planning system, the yttrium-90 prescribed activity, DTumor and DLiver, were higher in the Q.Liver method than in the planar method. This led to changes in 44.19% (19/43) of the treatment plans. Conclusions:SPECT/CT-based Q.Liver software was able to simplify yttrium-90 treatment. Planar scintigraphy overestimated LSF and DLung as compared to SPECT/CT imaging. If DLung remained constant, Q.Liver software increased DTumor and DLiver, leading to changes in 44.19% of the treatment plans involving yttrium-90 resin microsphere TARE.

Background This retrospective cohort study enrolled 208 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, focusing on dynamic renal function changes during peri-¹³¹I therapy. Using Latent Growth Mixture Modeling, we found that postoperative iatrogenic hypothyroidism, rather than ¹³¹I radiation, is the main cause of renal function decline, and patients with borderline preoperative renal function are at high risk.Our research fills a clinical knowledge gap and provides key evidence for optimizing renal protection strategies in thyroid cancer patients, which is highly consistent with the scope of your journal. To elucidate the dynamic changes in renal function in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) during the peri-¹³¹I treatment period, and to precisely identify the key determinants contributing to renal function decline. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study. We collected longitudinal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) data from 208 DTC patients who underwent ¹³¹I treatment at three time points: preoperatively, before ¹³¹I treatment (hypothyroid state), and 4 months post-treatment. Latent Growth Mixture Modeling (LGMM) was applied to model the dynamic trajectories of eGFR changes, and their influencing factors were analyzed. Results The primary driver of eGFR decline in DTC patients was found to be postoperative iatrogenic hypothyroidism, rather than ¹³¹I treatment itself. Significant eGFR decline occurred mainly during the hypothyroid preparation period between post-thyroidectomy and pre-¹³¹I treatment (P < 0.001), whereas eGFR changes before and after ¹³¹I treatment were not statistically significant (P = 0.866). LGMM successfully identified three heterogeneous response trajectories (P < 0.001), with the most pronounced eGFR decline observed in patients with borderline preoperative renal function (eGFR < 90 ml/min/1.73m²). Multivariate analysis confirmed that the magnitude of eGFR decline was closely associated with hypothyroid status (T4 levels, R² = 0.25) and baseline eGFR (R² = 0.56) (both P < 0.05). Conclusion The critical window for renal impairment in DTC patients during peri-¹³¹I therapy is the postoperative hypothyroid phase rather than direct radiation toxicity of ¹³¹I. Clinicians should strengthen renal function monitoring and protection for high-risk patients during the hypothyroid period.

Yttrium-90 labeled microspheres based selective internal radiotherapy (90Y-SIRT) is an established local-regional therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) which demonstrating significant survival improvements in multiple clinical trials. Post therapeutic 90Y imaging is essential for in vivo 90Y microspheres biodistribution evaluation and absorbed dose estimation. We aim to study the effects of 90Y bremsstrahlung imaging parameters including energy window center, width and acquisition time on the quality of 90Y SPECT/CT to provide optimal imaging conditions after 90Y-SIRT. Using the NEMA IEC NU2 body phantom and Siemens Symbia™ T16 SPECT/CT scanner equipped with a high-energy general-purpose collimator (HEGPC), seven energy window settings and two acquisition times (20s / frame and 40s / frame) were investigated and analyzed. 90Y bremsstrahlung imaging with 94 keV ± 40

To further standardize clinical decision-making and unify the diagnostic and therapeutic criteria for differentiated thyroid carcinoma in children and adolescents in China, it is urgent to develop a national clinical practice guideline based on high-quality evidence to suit the characteristics of pediatric and adolescent patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. In accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) methodology for standard guideline development, this protocol elaborates on the registration information, development background and significance, target population, collection of key clinical questions, selection and definition of outcome indicators, strategies for evidence retrieval and quality assessment, and the formulation methodology of recommendation statements for the Chinese guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in children and adolescents (2026 edition). This protocol also describes the plans for formal publication, academic dissemination and nationwide clinical implementation of the guideline. This protocol aims to ensure a scientific, standardized and complete guideline development process and to provide reliable evidence-based references and practical guidance for standardized and homogeneous whole-course diagnosis and treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in children and adolescents in China.

Lymph node metastasis (LNM) characterized by high thyroglobulin measurement through fine-needle aspiration (FNA-Tg) is correlated with elevated tumor burden in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, the prognostic significance of FNA-Tg remains incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic significance of FNA-Tg for stratification of patients at high risk of local recurrence following therapeutic lateral neck dissection (LND) in PTC. This study reviewed medical records of PTC patients with suspected lateral LNM, who underwent FNA-Tg and therapeutic LND. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the relationships between clinical outcomes and FNA-Tg in lateral LNM. The prognostic value was evaluated using Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival curve analyses. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the cut-off values. The median FNA-Tg levels of metastatic LNs were 500.00 ng/mL and 328.40 ng/mL in patients with and without recurrence, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that FNA-Tg > 397.00 ng/mL, multifocality, and lateral lymph nodes ratio (LLNR) > 0.161 as independent risk factors for local recurrence or persistence (p < 0.05). Notably, an FNA-Tg cut-off value of 397.00 ng/mL combined with multifocality and LLNR had a higher predictive value with an area under the ROC curve of 0.912. Additionally, all the three factors were associated with shorter recurrence-free survival (p < 0.05). As an independent preoperative risk factor for predicting local recurrence or persistence, FNA-Tg assisted in guiding the extent of therapeutic LND and identifying patients at high-risk of postoperative recurrence.

Bone metastases frequently occur in advanced-stage malignancies, contributing to diminished quality of life and unfavorable prognoses. However, conventional imaging modalities for diagnosing bone metastases exhibit inherent limitations. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) imaging using [99mTc]Tc-H7ND for detecting bone metastases (BM). From June 2021 to September 2023, 564 patients with malignancies underwent FAPI imaging were screened. Eighty patients with confirmed or suspected BM were included. FAPI SPECT/CT was compared with CT, MRI, bone scintigraphy (BS), and [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT for diagnostic efficacy. The uptake values in different components of BM were assessed, alongside discussions on potential of FAPI imaging in evaluating treatment response. Eighty patients (median age: 60 years; range: 23–79 years; 48 men) with confirmed or suspected BM were included, of these, 64 were confirmed BM. FAPI SPECT/CT demonstrated superior sensitivity (96.5

Fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP) is an attractive cell surface target for radiopharmaceutical development due to its tumor-restricted expression. This study aimed to develop a novel dimeric FAP inhibitor (FAPI), DOTA-PEG4-CO-N-bis(PEG4-7N) (D7ND), and evaluate its potential as a therapeutic radiopharmaceutical in preclinical models and clinical studies. The precursor D7ND was synthesized and radiolabeled with 177LuCl3. 177Lu-D7ND was obtained with high radiochemical yield and purity (> 98%) and remained stable for up to 5 days. Competitive FAP binding and saturation binding assays demonstrated high binding affinity and selectivity for FAP. Preclinical biodistribution and imaging studies in U-87 MG and HT1080-hFAP xenograft models revealed high specific uptake in FAP-positive tumors. Considerable tumor washout occurred within 24 h, although residual tumor-associated activity remained detectable at 48 and 72 h. Rapid renal clearance and minimal accumulation in normal tissues were observed. Dose-dependent tumor growth inhibition was observed; notably, a 55.5-MBq dose achieved complete remission in a subset of HT1080-hFAP xenografts without significant weight loss or organ toxicity. In a first-in-human pilot study, five patients with FAP-positive breast or non-small cell lung cancer received therapeutic 177Lu-D7ND. In these patients, 177Lu-D7ND exhibited intense initial tumor uptake and measurable tumor retention on delayed imaging up to 7 days and no notable accumulation in critical organs. After one cycle, stable disease was achieved in three out of four evaluable patients, with minimal adverse effects. The dimeric radioligand 177Lu-D7ND showed preclinical antitumor activity and provided preliminary data on its pharmacokinetics and short-term tolerability in a small pilot cohort. These findings support its further development as a potent FAP-targeted therapeutic agent.

Introduction: Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy is a highly specific targeted treatment for thyroid cancer. However, the intrinsic low energy of 131I limits its efficacy in tumor eradication. Additionally, certain thyroid cancers exhibit a loss of sodium/iodine symporter (NIS) function due to severe dedifferentiation, compromising the therapeutic effectiveness of RAI. Methods: Our work was based on two distinct RAI-sensitizing strategies: (1) the generation of secondary electrons by irradiated metallic nanomaterials to promote hydrolysis and enhance reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and (2) drug-induced reversal of the dedifferentiated phenotype of tumor cells to restore iodine uptake. Accordingly, we developed a multifunctional nanoplatform, termed Bi@Digoxin, by loading digoxin onto bismuth nanoparticles (BiNPs). The physicochemical properties of Bi@Digoxin were systematically characterized. Furthermore, its therapeutic efficacy was rigorously evaluated through in vitro and in vivo experiments, demonstrating significant treatment outcomes. Results: The experiments demonstrate that Bi@Digoxin enhances the efficacy of RAI in Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) through a triple synergistic mechanism: utilizing nanocarriers for efficient delivery of Digoxin to restore NIS function in tumor cells, reversing RAI resistance in ATC; leveraging the high atomic number property of bismuth (Bi) to enhance radiation energy deposition, promoting ROS bursts and DNA double-strand breaks; and combining near-infrared (NIR) laser-triggered controlled drug release with photothermal ablation to significantly inhibit tumor growth. Conclusion: Bi@Digoxin significantly enhances the therapeutic efficacy of RAI, offering a novel synergistic treatment strategy for ATC that combines biosafety and scalable production, with significant potential for clinical translation.

This study investigated the spatial distribution pattern of external radiation dose rates in patients treated with yttrium-90 (90Y) resin microspheres and evaluated the potential radiation exposure to other individuals. External radiation dose rates from 15 patients were measured following therapy. A curve fit was performed using MATLAB to verify adherence to the inverse square law. The association between dose rate and administered activity or body mass index (BMI)-adjusted administered activity was analysed using linear regression and correlation. The equations were fitted to predict the dose rate based on the administered activity and BMI. Total radiation doses to exposed individuals were estimated based on interaction patterns. The average dose rates were 84.1μSv h-1at contact, decreasing to 8.0μSv h-1at 0.3 m, 4.2μSv h-1at 0.5 m, 1.7μSv h-1at 1 m, and 0.7μSv h-1at 2 m. Beyond 0.5 m, the dose rate varied inversely with the square of the distance, allowing the patient to be treated as a point source. The BMI-adjusted administered activity displayed better correlation with dose rates than administered activity alone, suggesting the dose rate was influenced by varying levels of attenuation by the patient's abdomen. The equations for estimating the spatial distribution of the initial dose rate were fitted using administered activity/BMI2as a patient-specific parameter. Moreover, the estimated total radiation doses to exposed family members and clinical staff in this study were well below the dosage constraints. However, when discharged at 6 h after treatment or hospitalised for 5 d, the estimated total radiation doses to coworkers or wardmates from a patient administered at 3.06 GBq exceeded the 0.1 mSv public dose constraint. Dose rate measurements and individualised radiation protection protocols are essential for patients receiving more than 3 GBq90Y microspheres. The proposed formulas for dose rate spatial distribution estimation may simplify clinical monitoring and help guide personalised protection.

BACKGROUND:Accurate absorbed dose assessment is crucial for personalized hyperthyroidism treatment, but challenges remain in calculating the thyroid dose of 131I using the medical internal radiation dose (MIRD) schema. Further exploration is needed to improve image segmentation for personalized thyroid phantoms, assess uncertainty in S value calculations, and compare dose estimates between the MIRD schema and the Marinelli-Quimby formula. PURPOSE:This work aims to design a multi-scale deep learning model to enhance accuracy and reliability in absorbed dose calculations for hyperthyroid patients based on the MIRD schema. METHODS:To improve multi-scale semantic learning and integration, multi-scale residual and multi-head attention modules were added to the UNet++ architecture. An information entropy-based uncertainty quantification module was proposed to assess segmentation confidence and enhance reliability. Patient-specific thyroid voxel phantoms were created from clinical segmentation results, S values were calculated, and overall uncertainty was evaluated. Finally, absorbed dose differences between the MIRD schema and Marinelli-Quimby formula were compared. RESULTS:The comparative experiments on the publicly available head and neck organ-at-risk CT and MR segmentation (HaN-Seg) dataset showed that the MSRA-UNet++ model excelled in segmenting multiple organs. Specifically, for thyroid segmentation, the proposed model achieved a Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) of 88.23% and a Hausdorff Distance 95% (HD95) of 9.43 pixels. When applied on clinical dataset, Jaccard Index (JI) improved 6.17%, compared to UNet++. The uncertainty quantification results showed higher uncertainty at the thyroid edges and low uncertainty in the interior. Patient-specific phantoms were created from segmentation results, and the S value was calculated using Monte Carlo method. Time-integral activity was determined by radioiodine kinetics data. The absorbed dose was evaluated using the MIRD schema and compared with the Marinelli-Quimby formula, which overestimated the MIRD schema by an average of 7.74%. CONCLUSIONS:The proposed MSRA-UNet++ network provides segmentation results with estimated uncertainty and higher accuracy. The reliability of S values was enhanced by combining segmentation uncertainty with Monte Carlo simulations. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to introduce an uncertainty quantification module into the CT image segmentation process for hyperthyroid patients. Additionally, it combines patient-specific thyroid voxel phantoms with individualized radioiodine kinetics data to assess the absorbed dose using the MIRD schema, with the results compared to the Marinelli-Quimby formula. The code will be release on https://github.com/410435553.

PURPOSE:To evaluate the efficacy of a novel recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (ZGrhTSH) as an alternative to thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW) in dynamic assessment of DTC patients. METHODS:This phase 3, open-label, multicenter trial, conducted across 27 sites in China, employed a self-controlled design to enroll patients. Eligible patients had previously undergone total or near-total thyroidectomy, with or without RAI therapy. During both the ZGrhTSH-stimulated phase and the THW phase, Dx-WBS and serum Tg measurements were performed on all participants. The study focused on the concordance of Dx-WBS results, stimulated Tg levels, and their combination in patients across the two phases. Additionally, the safety and immunogenicity profiles of ZGrhTSH were assessed as well. RESULTS:In the assessment of radioiodine uptake and stimulated Tg levels, ZGrhTSH demonstrated efficacy comparable to that of THW. The concordance rate for scans between the two phases was 88.2% (95% CI: 83.7-92.7%). When setting stimulated Tg levels with a cutoff of 1 ng/mL, the concordance rate was 90.4% (95% CI: 86.1-94.6%), and the concordance of scans combined with stimulated Tg was 93.6% (95% CI: 90.1-97.1%). Adverse events associated with ZGrhTSH were reported in 22 patients (10.9%), all of which were mild and transient, graded as 1 or 2. CONCLUSION:ZGrhTSH showed non-inferior performance in detecting radioiodine uptake and serum Tg, and could be an effective and safe alternative for the dynamic evaluation of DTC patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION:ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04971473. Registered July 7, 2021.

Figure S1: Thyroglobulin concentrations changes for individual patients with negative thyroglobulin antibody from baseline to the end of cycle 2.

In China, due to the risks of hypothyroidism after radioiodine treatment, radioiodine is not commonly used as a first-line treatment. In this study, factors influencing the development of hypothyroidism after I-131 therapy for Graves' hyperthyroidism were evaluated. This was a retrospective study with a 12-month follow-up. Retrospectively, we investigated 1,264 patients with diagnosed Graves' disease who received I-131 therapy using the Marinelli-Quimby formula. The first three months after I-131 therapy, hypothyroidism risk was higher among patients with lighter thyroid weight, higher levels of thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb), and shorter durations of Antithyroid drug (ATD) treatment before I-131 therapy (P < 0.05). After 6 months, patients with lighter thyroid weight, shorter ATD treatment duration before I-131 therapy, and higher iodine intake showed an increased risk of hypothyroidism. (P < 0.05). After one year, lower 24-h iodine uptake was the only risk factor for hypothyroidism (P < 0.05). Our results show that I-131 is an effective therapy for GD. Even if over time, the occurrence of hypothyroidism may ultimately depend on the patients' radiosensitivity to I-131 before treatment. But in the first 3 to 6 months or even one year, we can still take measures to effectively improve the quality of life of patients.

Hypoxia is a common feature of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) overexpression is associated with poor clinical outcome in LUSC. NADH dehydrogenase 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 (NDUFA4L2) is a recently identified target of HIF-1, but its roles in LUSC remain unclear. Herein, the expression and regulatory mechanisms of NDUFA4L2 were investigated in LUSC, and the influences on LUSC cell oxidative metabolism and survival of NDUFA4L2 were determined. The potential microRNA targeting to NDUFA4L2 was identified and its roles on LUSC cell were detected. We found that NDUFA4L2 were overexpressed in LUSC tissues, and that NDUFA4L2 expression correlated with shorter overall survival. NDUFA4L2 was regulated by HIF-1α under hypoxia, and NDUFA4L2 decreased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS) production through inhibiting mitochondrial complex I activity in LUSC cells. NDUFA4L2 silencing effectively suppressed LUSC cell growth and enhanced apoptosis by inducing mitoROS accumulation. Additionally, NDUFA4L2 was a target for miR-183-5p, and LUSC patients with high miR-183-5p levels had better prognoses. MiR-183-5p significantly induced mitoROS production and suppressed LUSC survival through negatively regulating NDUFA4L2 in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggested that regulation of NDUFA4L2 by HIF-1α is an important mechanism promoting LUSC progression under hypoxia. NDUFA4L2 inhibition using enforced miR-183-5p expression might be an effective strategy for LUSC treatment.

177Lu- prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radio-ligand therapy has been approved abroad for advanced prostate cancer and has been in several clinical trials in China. Based on domestic clinical practice and experimental data and referred to international experience and viewpoints, the expert group forms a consensus on the clinical application of 177Lu-PSMA radio-ligand therapy in prostate cancer to guide clinical practice.

Background:Functional parathyroid cysts (FPCs) are rare and difficult to diagnose with noninvasive methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of 99mTc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) single-photon emission computed tomography/computerized tomography (SPECT/CT) parathyroid imaging in the diagnosis of FPCs and to account for its performance.Methods:The data from 10 patients with suspected parathyroid cysts (PCs) who underwent 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT parathyroid imaging between 2012 and 2022 were retrospectively evaluated. The diagnostic value of 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT parathyroid imaging for FPCs was analyzed.Results:Surgical resection was performed in six cases and parathyroid puncture was performed in four cases. The sensitivity of 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT for FPCs was 100.0% (3/3), with a specificity of 100.0% (7/7) and an accuracy of 100.0% (10/10). The postoperative pathological findings in three cases of FPCs were parathyroid adenoma, parathyroid adenoma with hemorrhage, and parathyroid adenoma with cystic degeneration, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound and CT for PCs was only 22.22% (2/9) and 25.0% (1/4), respectively, and neither modality could indicate whether the cysts were functional or not.Conclusions:99mTc-MIBI parathyroid SPECT/CT imaging has a high value in the diagnosis of FPCs in patients with suspected PCs, and an intense ring-shaped accumulation of radioactivity in the cyst wall on 99mTc-MIBI imaging suggests that the patient may have FPCs.

Objective:To investigate the effect of different kidney depth estimation formulas modified using SPECT/CT renal dynamic imaging on the calculation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in living kidney transplant donors.Methods:The clinical data of 127 healthy kidney transplant donors who underwent preoperative 99Tc m-diethylene triamine pentoacetic acid (DTPA) renal dynamic imaging in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from October 2011 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Included 36 males and 91 females, aged (49.2±7.3) years. The computed GFR of kidney depth measured via CT was adopted as the standard reference standard. The T?nnesen and Itoh formulas were used to calculate kidney depth and the corresponding GFR and then compare them with the CT results. The measurement data that did not conform to the normal distribution were expressed as M ( Q1, Q2), and the Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare between the renal depth calculated by each formula. Spearman correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were used to analyze the correlation between renal depth and the corresponding GFR of lelf and right kidney by each formula. Results:The depth of the left and right kidneys from 127 healthy kidney transplant donors measured via CT [7.03(6.34, 7.67) cm, 7.21(6.51, 8.13) cm] was significantly higher than those obtained using the T?nnesen formula [5.66(5.30, 6.06) cm, 5.70(5.33, 6.10) cm] and the Itoh formula [6.70(6.33, 7.10) cm, 6.88(6.52, 7.26) cm], and the differences were statistically significant (left kidney: Z=-9.53, -3.77, both P<0.001; right kidney: Z=-9.73, -4.64, both P<0.001). The renal depth measured via CT was positively correlated with the renal depth calculated using the T?nnesen and Itoh formulas (left kidney: r=0.330, 0.331, both P<0.001; right kidney: r=0.359, 0.358, both P<0.001). The GFR of left and right kidneys that corresponded to the renal depth measured via CT [46.4(39.9, 52.0) ml/min, 46.0(40.5, 54.9) ml/min] was higher than those obtained using the T?nnesen formula [36.6(33.0, 41.9) ml/min, 36.2(32.1, 40.1) ml/min] and the Itoh formula [43.2 (39.4, 49.8) ml/min, 43.8 (39.4, 48.7) ml/min], and the differences were statistically significant (left kidney: Z=-9.52, -3.76, both P<0.001; right kidney: Z=-9.73, -4.75, both P<0.001). The CT measurement was positively correlated with the GFR values that corresponded to kidney depth estimates obtained using the T?nnesen and Itoh formulas (left kidney: r=0.476, 0.476, both P<0.001; right kidney: r=0.386, 0.539, both P<0.001). Conclusions:The GFR calculated using the T?nnesen and Itoh formulas are suitable for the routine screening and evaluation of kidney diseases. For kidney transplant donors with more stringent requirements for renal GFR, kidney depth measured via CT should be used to correct the GFR calculated using SPECT/CT.

Figure S1: Thyroglobulin concentrations changes for individual patients with negative thyroglobulin antibody from baseline to the end of cycle 2.

AIMS:Circular RNAs are widely expressed in various cancers and play important roles in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. The function and mechanism of circSMARCA5 in lung adenocarcinoma however remains unclear. MAIN METHODS:QRT-PCR analysis was applied for determining circSMARCA5 expression in lung adenocarcinoma patient tumor tissues and cells. Molecular biological assays were used for investigating the role of circSMARCA5 in lung adenocarcinoma progression. Luciferase reporter and bioinformatics assays were used for identifying the underlying mechanism. KEY FINDINGS:In this study, we observed that circSMARCA5 expression was decreased in lung adenocarcinoma tissues but silencing of circSMARCA5 in lung adenocarcinoma cells inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion. Mechanistically, we found EGFR, c-MYC and p21 were down-regulated upon circSMARCA5 knockdown. MiR-17-3p efficiently down- regulated EGFR expression via directly binding to EGFR mRNA. SIGNIFICANCE:These studies suggest that circSMARCA5 functions as an oncogene via targeting miR-17-3p-EGFR axis and may represent a promising therapeutic target for lung adenocarcinoma.

Objective:To explore the early adverse reactions of 131I in the treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) and the correlation of its influencing factors. Methods:The dose range of 131I was 2.96 to 7.4 GBq (80-200 mCi), which was used to ablate residual thyroid or treat DTC metastasis. A total of 127 DTC patients who received 131I treatment were interviewed and data-collected with questionnaires one month after orally taking 131I. The adverse reactions were recorded and the relevant clinical factors were analyzed. Results:Among 127 patients, 34 had neck pain or swelling, 21 had digestive symptoms, 25 had dry mouth, 29 had abnormal taste, 7 had oral ulcers, 11 had dry eyes, and 2 had dyspnea. These side effects were related to gender, COVID-19 infection before iodine treatment, stage, TgAb and iodine absorption rate before 131I treatment. Conclusion:The short-term side effects of DTC patients after receiving 131I treatment varied among the patients, and clinically more attention could be paid to such patients for individualized treatment, including early related drug prevention and psychological counseling, so as to reduce the incidence of adverse reactions.