目的 探讨一体化床单在血液净化中心床单位更换中的效果.方法 选取20间层流室作为模拟实验场所,将其分为对照组和实验组各10间.在对照组层流室更换传统床单,在实验组层流室更换一体化床单.比较2组不同时间点空气中尘埃颗粒的数量及更换床单位所消耗的时间.结果 实验组0.5μm及5.0μm尘埃颗粒数均少于对照组(F组间=5.681,P=0.007;F组间=3.052,P=0.002),更换床单位所需时间短于对照组(t=16.379,P<0.001).结论 血液净化中心应用一体化床单更换床单位既达到了血液净化中心感染控制的要求,又显著降低了空气中大、小尘埃的数量,同时又节约了洗涤成本,节省了更换床单位的时间与人力.

持续性血液净化(continue blood purification, CBP)的使用从单纯的肾脏替代治疗发展为连续性炎症介质的清除和多器官功能的支持,在创伤、严重烧伤、全身炎症反应综合征及脓毒血症等疾病的救治中取得了良好的疗效[1-3].2014年8月我科行CBP治疗成功救治1例重度烧伤伴重度吸入性损伤患者,现将护理体会报告如下.

目的 探讨综合护理对维持性血液透析患者焦虑、抑郁水平及治疗依从性的影响.方法 选取104例维持性血液透析患者随机分为干预组和对照组,分别给予综合护理干预和常规护理,比较两组患者护理干预前后焦虑、抑郁水平,治疗依从性.结果 干预组患者SAS、SDS评分较对照组患者显著降低,干预组患者干预后治疗依从率为98.08％,对照组患者为86.54％.干预组治疗依从性较对照组好,分别为71.15％、34.62％.差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 综合护理干预可有效改善维持性血液透析患者焦虑、抑郁状况,提高患者治疗的依从性,值得进一步在临床上推广.

目的探讨持续雾化吸入和间歇雾化吸入对老年患者肺叶切除术后排痰效果、舒适度及血氧饱和度(Sp)_2)的影响。方法将2009年1月-2010年12月收治行肺叶切除术后的老年患者100例随机平分为对照组和实验组。对照组每日行雾化吸入2次,每次持续吸入15～20min;实验组每日同时间采取间歇吸入法,即吸入数分钟停吸片刻,间歇期予低流量氧气2L/min吸入,胸背部叩击并鼓励患者咳嗽、咳痰,然后再雾化吸入,反复进行直至吸完药液。结果对照组9例由于各种原因无法实施雾化治疗,实验组仅2例由于对雾化药流的气味敏感,拒绝雾化吸入。雾化吸入后,对照组喘憋缓解33例,实验组喘憋缓解48例;对照组SpO_2无变化13例,实验组48例。结论采用间歇吸入法进行雾化吸入可提高肺叶切除术后老年患者的治疗效果与依从性,有效减少雾化期间SpO_2值下降的现象,改善雾化吸入引起的不适,降低术后肺部并发症的发生。

OBJECTIVE To investigate and describe the differences in age, sex, seasonality distribution, and related environmental factors between patients with non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) and allergic rhinitis (AR). METHODS One hundred and eleven patients with NAR and 112 patients with AR were enrolled in this study. All patients were first diagnosed in outpatient department between January and August 2010. Questionnaires were distributed to all participants to record the general information, medical history, and the factors relevant to symptom onset. Statistical analysis was performed using a SPSS13.0 software. RESULTS The proportion of patients with NAR increased with age, compared to patients with AR. The peak age was 21 - 30 years old in patients with NAR, whereas 11 - 20 years old in patients with AR. In adults more than 18 years old, the average age (years, x(-) ± s) of patients with NAR (38.6 ± 14.5) was significantly higher than those with AR (32.8 ± 13.0; t = 2.58, P = 0.024). NAR was more likely to be males before 30 years old, while after 30 years old, it likely to be female predominance. The same case occurred in AR subjects but in their 20 years old. NAR was symptomatically worse in winter (χ(2) = 27.57, P = 0.000), whereas AR worse in spring (χ(2) = 13.75, P = 0.003). The cases of NAR were significantly more than those of AR during the winter season (χ(2) = 12.34, P = 0.000). Among the disease-related environmental factors, living or working place near the traffic artery had 1.94-fold increased risk for development of NAR compared with AR; however, living or working in ground floor or sunshine time less than 2 h per day had 1.77- or 1.91-fold increased risk for development of NAR compared with NAR. Subjects with personal or family history of allergic disease had 2.14 to 4.06-fold increased risk for development of AR compared with NAR. The self-reported predisposing factors in NAR patients were mainly including temperature shift (56.3%), common cold (52.8%), climate change (32.4%), and strong odors (31.1%). However, there were no significant differences in these nonspecific triggers between NAR and AR (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSION There are significant differences in the distribution of age, sex and seasonality, personal and family history of allergic disease, and some environmental factors relevant to the onset of symptom between patients with NAR and AR.