Objective To observe the expression of microRNA-497 (miR-497) in bladder cancer cells and investigate its possible functions in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of bladder cancer.Methods The expression of miR-497 in bladder cells and human normal bladder tissue were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).MiR-497 mimics and miR-497 inhibitor were transfected into bladder cancer EJ cells and RT-qPCR was used to analyze the effect of transfection.Then,morphological changes of cells were observed under the inverted microscope and the wound healing assay,transwell invasion assay were used to detect the cell migration and invasion of bladder cancer EJ cells transfected by miR-497 mimics and miR-497 inhibitor.cytometry.Finally,Western blotting was applied to detect the levels of EMT-related proteins.Results MiR-497 levels were obviously down-regulated in bladder cancer cells (5637,EJ,BIU-87,TCCSUP and T24) in comparison to human bladder pillon biochemical cell (SV-HUC-1),the difference was statistically significant (P =0.000).Compared with negative control,overexpression of miR-497 significantly suppressed EJ cells migration [(74.00 ± 3.61) ％ vs.(25.33 ± 6.11) ％] and invasion [(219 ± 17) cells vs.(109 ± 3) cells],and EJ ceils turned into epithelioid cells morphology,when compared with the control group.Moreover,opposite results were obtained when miR-497 inhibitor was transfected into EJ cells.Compared with mimics NC,the protein expression of E-cadherin was upregulated (P =0.000),while N-cadherin and vimentin downregulated (P =0.001,P =0.000) in miR-497 mimics transfection group.Conclusion MiR-497 may play an important role of EMT in bladder cancer.

This is an original research of penis allotransplantation. The paper presents an experiment allogenic penis transplantation model in Beagles, with a focus on recovery of blood supply and changes in tissue architecture. Twenty adult Beagles were allocated to 10 pairs for penile transplantation. After operation, the skin and glans were observed. If adverse symptoms occurred, the transplanted penis was resected and pathologically examined. Frequency of urination, urinary stream, and patency level were recorded 7 days after transplantation. Cystourethrography was performed on Day 10. The transplanted penises were resected on Day 14 for pathological examination. The research showed that transplanted penises survived after allotransplantation, and the dogs regained urination ability. Penis autotransplantation in Beagles is feasible. This preliminary study shows a potential for application of this new procedure for penis transplantation in humans.

Compared to adrenocortical adenoma (ACA), adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) has very poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Also conventional methods to distinguish ACC from ACA can be difficult. At this time, no molecular pathological markers are reliable enough to distinguish either tumor. Recently, increasing data have indicated miRNAs to be crucial regulators in the tumor‑related processes. In the present study, we found that miR-205 expression is significantly suppressed in ACC tissues compared with ACAs, and that this induces apoptosis and impairs proliferation of ACC SW-13 cells in vitro as well as inhibits tumor growth in vivo. Using bioinformatic predictions, Bcl-2 was identified to be a target of miR-205 via 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) interactions, which was confirmed by luciferase assay, qRT-PCR, immunohistochemical assay and western blotting showing that mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2 were negatively related to miR-205. Further investigation into the mechanism found that activation of Bcl-2 cleaved Bax, releasing caspase-9 and -3 that are involved in the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, eventually inducing SW-13 cell apoptosis. In conclusion, miR-205 suppresses the growth of ACC SW-13 cells via targeting the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2.

Background. Increasing evidence has shown that microRNAs function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in human malignancies, but the roles of microRNA (miR)-497 in human cervical cancer still remain unclear Our aim was to analyze the clinicopathologic and prognostic significance of miR497 in human cervical cancer and to investigate the effects of miR-497 on the malignant phenotype of cervical cancer cells.Methods. First, we detected miR-497 expression in the HPV-16-immortalized cervical epithelial cell lines and 4 other cervical,cancer cell lines (HeLa, Caski, SiHa, and HeLa-S3). Then the expression of miR497 was analyzed in cervical cancer tissues and paired nontumor tissues, and its correlation with clinicapathologic features and survival was analyzed. Finally, the roles of miR-497 in regulation of tumor proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and target gene expression were further investigated.Results. MiR-497 was downregulated in cervical cancer cells or tissues compared with HPV-16-immortalized cervical epithelial cell lines or the paired nontumor tissues. Also, the decrease in miR-497 correlated closely with the criteria of the International Federation of Gynaecolo gy and Obstetrics stage and lymph node.metastases in patients with cervical cancer. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that low miR-497 expression appeared to be an unfavorable prognostic factor. Transient forced expression of miR497 decreased the growth and colony-formation capacity of HeLa and SiHa cells by inducing Caspase-3-dependent apoptosis. Forced expression of miR-497 suppressed the migration and invasiveness of cervical cancer cells. By computational miRNA target prediction and functional analysis, miR-497 was demonstrated to bind to the 3' untranslated regions of IGF-1R mRNA, and upregulation of miR-497 downregulated IGF-1R protein expression. Further investigation showed that small interfering RNAmediated IGF-1R knockdown could mimic the effect of enforced miR-497 expression on the malignant phenotypes of cervical cancer cells.Conclusion. MiR-497 may be a potential prognostic marker and functions as a tumor suppressor in human cervical cancer by post-transcriptionally targeting IGF-1R

OBJECTIVE: To improve the knowledge of hepatic epithelioid haemangioendothelioma(EHE).METHODS:To investigated and review the clinicpathologic features of four cases of EHE by light microscopic observation and immunohistochemical method and reviewed the corr elative literatures.RESULTS:The gender of the patients were two females and two males.The age were 55,36 for females and 41 and 44 years old for males respectively.The symptoms were right costal or abdominal pain,windy and one patient with symptoms resemble syndrome.Two cases showed hypohepatia.Imaging studies revealed multiple nodular or diffuse damage and misdiagnosed as cancer or Budd-Chiari syndrome.Three cases were diagnosed by needle biopsy and one case underwent hepatectomy.Histologically,the tumor cells had a epithelioid appearance and were arranged in cords or solid nests,amongst a myxoid or hyaline matrix.The tumor cells had abundance cytoplasm and contained scattered intracytoplasmic vacuoles just like ring cells.The tumor cells of three needle biopsy specimens lacked pleomorphism,mitotic activity whereas the tumor cells of hepatectomy specimens had obvious pleomorphism and mitotic activity 1/10 HPF.Massive necrosis could been seen.They were immunohistochemically positive for CD31,CD34,FⅧ and VEGF.CK staining was positive in some cases,PAS and AB-PAS stain were negative.The follow-up time was 2-22 months.One patient died after operation,2 patient died after leaving hospital,and 1 was lost in follow-up.CONCLUSIONS:Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is malignancy and represents a distinct clinical pathological entity.It is rare and often misdiagnosed as other liver tumors.

Objective To invetigate the value of microsurgical technique in autoallergic penile replantation. Methods Twenty adult beagle dogs who underwent the procedure of autoallergic penile replantation, were divided into two groups randomly. Each group was 10 dogs. The dogs in the observation group were treated by microsurgical techniques using 10-time magnifying glass, while the dogs in the control group were done by general surgery at the condition of orthophoria. The same operation modus was carried out by same operation team including the same technique to suture dorsal vessels, running sutre the urethra and corporal bodies. Some indexes such as the operation time, blood loss volume, vessel suturing time, the number of successful suturing dorsal vessels, the color and temperature of replantation penile post-operation, the number of penile necrosis, et al were comparartively analyzed. Results The number of once time successful suturing dorsal vessels were 38 items including 20 veins and 18 arteries for all 10 cases in the observation group, while the number in the control group was 22 items including 14 veins and 8 arteries. The difference was significant between these two groups (P<0.05). In the observation group, the average operation time was 120min, and the average vessel suturing time were 68min, and the average blood loss volume were 80ml. However, in the control group, the average operation time was 106min, and the average vessel suturing time were 50min, and the average blood loss volume were 70ml. The incidence rate of hemadostenosis post-operation in the observation group was 1%, while in the control group was 60%. The number of penile necrosis post-operation in the observation group was 0 case, but in the control group was 3 cases. Conclusion Microsurgical technique asisted penile replantation can improve the successful rate of vascular anastomosis and blood flow supplying in the penis obviously obvisouly. ,and shorten the revovery time.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of intermittent hormonal therapy and intermittent hormonal therapy combine with 125Ⅰseed implantation in the treatment of intermediate and high risk prostate cancer. Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out in eighty-two patients with intermediate and high risk prostate cancer (clinical stage T2b-3aN0M0) from December 2006 to December 2012. Patients were divided into IHT group (42 cases who received intermittent hormonal therapy) and IHT+125Ⅰgroup (40 cases who received intermittent hormonal therapy combine with 125Ⅰ seed implantation brachytherapy ). Patients in IHT group were administrated with maximum androgen blockade intervention. 125Ⅰseeds were implanted into prostate in the period of the third month at first cycle of IHT, whose prescription dose was 145Gy. The levels of PSA, PV, Qmax and IPSS in pre-treatment and post-treatment were measured respectively. Results The follow-up time was 35~50 months, median was 42 months. Compared with that of pre-treatment, significant decrease in PSA and PV, and increase in Qmax and IPSS were observed at 6 months, 12 months and 24 months post-treatment between the two groups(P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the on-treatment period of the first cycle in IHT between two groups (P>0.05), but significance in off-treatment period of the first cycle(P<0.001).The biochemical progression-free survival time and 2-year biochemical progression-free survival rate(P<0.001) in the IHT+125Ⅰgroup were superior to that of IHT group (P<0.001). Patients whose post-treatment nadir PSA≤0.1ng/ml accounted for 80%(32/40) and 28.6%(12/42) in IHT+125Ⅰgroup and IHT group respectively (P<0.001). IHT+125Ⅰgroup is superior to IHT group. Conclusion IHT and IHT+125Ⅰfor prostate cancer are all effective, but IHT+125Ⅰis superior to IHT in the off-treatment period in the first cycle of IHT , biochemical progression-free survival time and 2-year biochemical progression-free survival rate, as well as post-treatment nadir PSA≤0.1ng/ml.

Aim . To analyze the clinicopathological features of meningioangiomatosis (MA) associated with meningioma. Methods . We present one case of MA associated with meningioma. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry were used. Results . The age of the patient was 33-year-old man. Histopathologically, MA was characterized by vascular proliferation with perivascular meningothelial cells and/or fibroblast proliferation, entrapped glial islands. In addition, MA was associated with transitional meningioma. The patient was alive without evidence of recurrence at 18 months after mass resection. Conclusion . MA associated with meningioma is an extremely rare lesion. The differential diagnosis includes cortical invasion by meningioma and intracerebral schwannoma. Patients with MA associated with meningioma often have a good prognosis after operation.

Objective To evaluate the effects of biopsy specimens and prostatectomy specimens on Gleason scores and analyze the possible related factors to the accuracy of biopsy Gleason scores.Methods A total of 86 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer by transrectal biopsy who underwent radical prostatectomy(RP) were enrolled in this retrospective study.The relationship between biopsy and prostatectomy Gleason score was evaluated.And the possible factors related to grading error of biopsy were analyzed.Results The mean Gleason score was 6.1 and 6.5 for biopsy and prostatectomy specimens,respectively.The biopsy Gleason score was identical to the prostatectomy specimen score in 48.8 % (42/86) of cases.While there was under-grading of the final tumor score in 32(37.2%) patients on biopsy as compared with the radical prostatectomy,while over-grading occurred in 12(14.0%) patients.There was no correlation of grading error with age,serum PSA level,prostatic volume and clinical stage (P>0.05).While the number of biopsy cores and the percent of positive prostate biopsies correlated significantly with the discrepancy of Gleason scores.Conclusion The number of biopsy cores and the percent of positive prostate biopsies are the possible factors affecting the accuracy of biopsy scores.And these findings suggest that obtaining a greater number of biopsy cores contributes to improving the accuracy of the biopsy Gleason score for predicting the RP.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical effect of transrectal high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa).METHODSA total of 57 PCa patients, 27 localized and 30 advanced, underwent transrectal HIFU with the Sonab- late 500, the localized group treated by transrectal HIFU only, while the advanced group by transrectal HIFU combined with androgen ablation.RESULTSFor the HIFU treatment, the mean operating time, hospital stay and follow-up were 111 mm (ranging from 86 to 153 mm), 3.2 days (ranging from 2 to 18 days) and 18 months (ranging from 6 to 30 months), respectively. The biochemical disease-free rates at 1, 2 and 3 years in the localized group were 86%, 81% and 79%, respectively. While in the advanced group, the serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) was < 4.0 microg/L in 26 cases ( < 0.51 microg/L in 20) and the prostate volume decreased more than 50% in 21 cases after treated for an average of 8 months (ranging from 3 to 24 months). After transrectal HIFU prostate ablation, the prostate volume reduced, serum PSA lowered, Qmax raised and IPSS improved significantly (P < 0.05). No serious complications occurred including severe urethrorectal fistula and incontinence.CONCLUSIONTransrectal HIFU is a safe, effective and minimally invasive therapy for patients with prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate seminal parameters in noninflammatory chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CAP III B).METHODS:A total of 74 consecutive cases of patients who had been diagnosed as CAP III B and 46 cases of controls were included in the study. Severity of symptoms in men with CAP III B was defined according to the NIH Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI). All of them underwent a 'four glass-test' including leukocyte determination in expressed prostatic secretions (EPS), voided urine after prostatic massage (VB3) and ejaculate semen followed by analysis according to WHO. The analysis included seminal volume, pH, duration of liquefaction, sperm density, vitality, motility(a + b) and morphology. Correlations between the duration or the severity of symptoms and spermiogram results in patients with CAP III B were assessed respectively.RESULTS:The CAP III B group and the control group differed significantly in ejaculate volume, duration of liquefaction and motility, while the remaining parameters did not differ significantly. The duration of chronic pelvic pain showed apparently positive correlationship with liquefaction time, while the symptom duration negatively correlated with sperm motility. The NIH-CPSI score had no significant relationship with seminal volume, duration of liquefaction and sperm motility.CONCLUSION:Our results indicate that CAP III B can have a significant negative impact on sperm volume, liquefaction and motility. Our data also supports the results that the longer the duration of symptoms, the more influences on semen liquefaction and motility might be.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of antibiotics and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent on the level of total prostate specific antigen (PSA) and free PSA ratio (F-PSAR) in patients with chronic prostatitis IIIA.METHODS:A total of 228 outpatients diagnosed as with chronic prostatitis III A received 4-week antibiotic and anti-inflammatory treatment. The PSA level and F-PSAR were determined before and after the treatment, and the changes analyzed.RESULTS:Significant variations were observed in the median PSA concentrations (3.51 microg/L and 2.75 microg/L) and F-PSAR (0.25% and 0.27%) 4 weeks after the treatment. Sixty-five of the patients (28.5%) presented with serum PSA greater than 4 ng/ml, the mean PSA decreased by 32.9%, from 6.24 microg/L before the treatment to 4.58 microg/L 4 weeks after the treatment (P < 0.05), and the serum PSA was normalized in 18 of the 65 patients (27.7%). The median variation of F-PSAR (0.16% and 0.22%) was greater than that of PSA. The variation indexes obtained 4 weeks after the treatment showed no statistical difference from those observed 8 weeks after the treatment.CONCLUSION:Chronic prostatitis IIIA appears to contribute to increased serum PSA levels in some men. Antibiotic and anti-inflammatory treatment could significantly reduce the PSA level and increase F-PSAR.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intraprostatic injection of Chuanshentong in the treatment of chronic abacterial prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome(CAP/CPPS). METHODS:Randomized, double blinded, placebo controlled trials were carried out from September 2002 to March 2003. A total of 38 patients with diagnosed CAP/CPPS, 24 experimental and 14 controls, were analyzed. In the trial group, 6 ml of mixed solution of Chuanshentong and lidocaine was transperineally injected into one lobe of the prostate, once a day for 6 days. Likewise, the control group was treated with placebo containing lidocaine. The efficacy was evaluated by the NIH Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index(CPSI) after a 6-week follow-up. The main semen parameters before and after 3-month treatment were compared. RESULTS:In the trial group, 13 cases (56.5%) were completely cured, 5 cases(21.7%) showed remarkable effect, and 4 cases (17.4%) were improved. While in the control group, effectiveness was shown in only 2 cases (15.4%), and improvement in 3 cases (23%). CPSI scores decreased significantly after treatment(95% of confidence interval: 17.97-23.08). Chuanshentong solution had no obvious impact on the main semen parameters. No severe adverse effects were observed. CONCLUSION:Transperineal intraprostatic injection of Chuanshentong is a safe and effective method for the treatment of CAP/CPPS.

OBJECTIVE:To improve Madigan prostatectomy (MPC) for a much satisfactory effect in open surgery.METHODS:A total of 52 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were treated using MPC. The MPC procedure was modified by exposing anterior prostatic urethra near the bladder neck and conjunction with cystotomy. This modified procedure preserved prostatic urethra intact and could also deal with intracystic lesions at the same time.RESULTS:The intact of prostatic urethra was kept completely or almost for 48 cases. The hemorrhage amount during modified procedure was a less. The mean operative time was 120 minutes. The 35 patients had been followed up for 1 - 12 months. The average Qmax was 18.9 ml/s. The cystourethrography revealed that the urethra and bladder neck were intact in 8 patients postoperatively. Furthermore, the prostatic urethra was obviously wider after modified MPC.CONCLUSIONS:The modified MPC can reduce the urethra injury and enlarge the MPC indications. The modified technique is easy to perform with little complications and much more satisfactory clinical result. The modified MPC is highly recommended.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the complications of direct and antirefluxing techniques of ureterointestinal anastomosis in continent urinary diversion.METHODS:Sixty-three patients underwent continent urinary diversion. Twenty-four patients were treated by the direct ureteroenteric anastomosis and the others treated by the antirefluxing technique. The follow up studies included following-up the information of ureteric stricture, ureteric reflux, renal function and acute urinary infection. It was assessed for 3 months to 6 years with a mean follow up of 26 months after operation.RESULTS:Of 78 ureters reimplanted using antirefluxing technique. A total of 12 ureters had anastomotic stricture formation postoperatively. Only one of 48 ureters reimplanted using direct anastomoses had anastomotic stricture. The difference between the direct and antirefluxing technique groups was remarkable (chi2 = 4.375, P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the direct and antirefluxing technique groups in regard to ureteric reflux, renal function and acute urinary infection.CONCLUSIONS:Antirefluxing anastomoses resulted in obviously higher rate of ureterointestinal anastomotic stricture in comparison with the direct anastomosis. The direct ureteroenteric anastomosis may be the suitable choice for patients undergoing continent urinary diversion.