1. Propofol Hypersensitivity in Valvular Disease: Valvular heart disease (VD) patients exhibited 34

STUDY OBJECTIVE:To determine whether an individualized blood pressure strategy based on low-dose noradrenaline infusion could reduce cytokines/stress level, thus reducing the acute kidney injury (AKI) complication. DESIGN:A prospective, randomized, controlled trial. SETTING:The study was performed in First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China, from December 2021 to July 2023. PATIENTS:108 patients older than 60 years with ASA class II-III and scheduled to hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery were enrolled. INTERVENTION:Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either a standard or individualized treatment group. Individualized management strategy aimed at achieving a mean arterial pressure (MAP) within 20 % of the reference value or standard management strategy of treating MAP less than 65 mmHg. MEASUREMENTS:The primary outcome was tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) at 24 h after surgery. The secondary outcomes included other inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and IL-10 levels and the incidence of postoperative AKI within 7-day after surgery. MAIN RESULTS:100 patients completed the trial and were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis. The primary outcome TNF-α at 24 h was increased to 16.65 (7.36) pg/ml assigned to the individualized treatment strategy vs 21.23 (7.70) pg/ml in standard treatment group (difference -4.58, 95 %CI -7.56 to -1.58, P = 0.003). A relatively mild increase from baseline were found after surgery in IL-6 and cortisol level except for IL-10. 3 patients (6 %) in the individualized treatment group and 10 (20 %) in the standard treatment group had AKI (Relative Risk 3.33; 95 % CI, 0.95 to 11.39; P = 0.037). CONCLUSION:Among elderly patients undergoing major surgery, an individualized mean arterial pressure strategy management based on low-dose norepinephrine reduced surgical stress responses and attenuated the release of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6. It was also associated with a lower risk of AKI.

Introduction: Music interventions can alleviate patient anxiety and improve post-surgical satisfaction. However, it remains uncertain whether personal music preferences affect efficacy. The authors tested whether personal music intervention with patient-selected songs played ad libitum is more effective than standard therapist-designed treatment with classical music. Methods: A prospective, parallel-group, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial with 229 participants (aged 18-60 years) previously scheduled for elective surgery. Data analyses followed a modified intention-to-treat principle. The patients were randomized into three groups: Standard care without music (Control), therapist-designed classic music treatment (TT), or personal music intervention with patient-selected songs played ad libitum by the patient (PI). All patients received standard post-anaesthesia care, and music intervention was started upon arrival at the post-anaesthesia care unit. Primary outcomes were anxiety and overall satisfaction at discharge. In contrast, secondary outcomes were systolic blood pressure during music intervention, the sleep quality of the night after surgery, and the occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting within the first 24 h after surgery. Results: Compared with therapist-designed music treatment, personal intervention decreased systolic blood pressure (T0: 124.3 +/- 13.7, 95% CI:121-127.7; T20min: 117.6 +/- 10.4, 95% CI:115-120.1; T30min: 116.9 +/- 10.6, 95% CI:114.3-119.4), prevented postoperative nausea and vomiting (Control: 55.9%, TT: 64.6%, PI: 77.6%), including severe postoperative nausea (VAS score>4; Control: 44.1%; TT: 33.8%; PI: 20.9%) and severe emesis (Frequency >= 3, Control: 13.2%; TT: 7.7%; PI: 4.5%). None of the treatments affected sleep quality at night after surgery (Median, Q1-Q3, Control: 3, 1-3; TT: 3, 1-4; PI: 3, 1-3.5). Personal, but not therapist, music intervention significantly prevented anxiety (Control: 36.4 +/- 5.9, 95% CI:35.0-37.9; TT: 36.2 +/- 7.1, 95% CI: 34.4-37.9; PI: 33.8 +/- 5.6, 95% CI: 32.4-35.2) and emesis (Control: 23.9%; TT: 23.4%; PI: 13.2%) and improved patient satisfaction (Median, Q1-Q3, C: 8, 6-8; TT: 8, 7-9; PI: 8, 7-9). Conclusions: Personal music intervention improved postoperative systolic blood pressure, anxiety, nausea, emesis, and overall satisfaction, but not sleep quality, as compared to therapist-designed classic intervention.

STUDY OBJECTIVE:Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs), the predominant complications following lung surgery, are closely associated with intraoperative fluid therapy. This study investigates whether continuous low-dose norepinephrine infusion combined with goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) reduced the risk of PPCs after lung surgery relative to either GDFT alone or standard fluid treatment. DESIGN:A prospective, randomized controlled trial. SETTING:The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China. PATIENTS:The study included 184 patients undergoing elective thoracoscopic lung resection surgery. INTERVENTIONS:Patients were randomized into three groups based on different fluid treatment regimens: Group C received standard fluid treatment, Group G received GDFT, and Group N received continuous low-dose norepinephrine infusion combined with GDFT. MEASUREMENTS:The primary outcome was the incidence of PPCs, including respiratory infection, atelectasis, pneumothorax, pleural empyema, respiratory failure, pulmonary embolism and bronchopleural fistula, during the postoperative hospital stay. Secondary outcomes were hemodynamic variables and arterial blood gases. Additional recorded parameters included other postoperative complications such as bleeding, postoperative re-intubation, re-hospitalization within 30 days, and the length of hospital stay. MAIN RESULTS:Group N showed a significantly lower PPCs incidence during hospitalization compared to Group C (11.5 % vs 27.9 %; odds ratio, 2.98; 95 % confidence interval, 1.17-8.31; P = 0.023). No significant difference in PPCs was found between Group N and Group G (11.5 % vs 14.5 %; odds ratio, 1.31; 95 % confidence interval, 0.46-3.91; P = 0.616). Additionally, there were no significant differences among the three groups in the components of PPCs. Group N showed higher mean arterial pressure and stroke volume index intraoperatively compared to Group C. CONCLUSIONS:Continuous low-dose norepinephrine infusion combined with GDFT reduced PPCs incidence in elective lung surgery patients compared with standard fluid management, but showed no difference compared to GDFT alone. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:ChiCTR2200064081.

Introduction: Rectus sheath block is an emerging technique that provide effective perioperative analgesia and is related to lower perioperative opioid consumption and decrease opioid-related adverse effects. The present research is designed to explore the effect of rectus sheath block on recovery quality in patients following transabdominal midline gynecological surgery. Methods: Ninety female patients following elective transabdominal midline gynecological surgery were enrolled. Patients were randomized to group R (n = 45) which receive preoperative ultrasound-guided RSB with 0.4% ropivacaine or group C which is control group (n = 45). The primary outcome was the quality of recovery on the first postoperative day. The quality of recovery was assessed by the 40-item Quality of Recovery questionnaire (QoR-40). Secondary outcomes included the intraoperative opioid consumption, time to first flatus and time to first discharging from bed, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and patient satisfaction. Results: The patients in two groups had comparable baseline characteristics. Postoperative global QoR-40 scores were significantly better in group R than in group C (165.0[159.5-170.0] vs 155.0[150.0-157.0], respectively; median difference 12[95% confidence interval: 8-15, P< 0.001]). Preoperative RSB reduced intraoperative opioid consumption, reduced the time to first flatus, time to first discharging from bed and the post anaesthesia care unit discharge time. Furthermore, group R showed greater patient satisfaction. Conclusion: A single preoperative administration of RSB with ropivacaine improved the quality of recovery in patients following transabdominal midline gynecological surgery. Plain Language Summary: Although laparoscopic surgery accounts for a higher proportion of gynecological procedures, open gynecological surgery remains irreplaceable for some patients. Recovery from open gynecological surgery is a combination of physical injuries and psychological challenges. Consequently, accelerating functional recovery, alleviating discomfort and improving the quality of recovery in such patients is a clinical issue that we need to focus on. The QoR 40 scale is a patient-reported assessment tool which evaluates the quality of recovery in five dimensions. Ultrasound-guided rectus sheath block is a safe and effective abdominal wall nerve block for anesthesia and analgesia of umbilical and median abdominal longitudinal incisions. This study investigated the impact of rectus sheath block on the quality of postoperative recovery after open gynecological surgery using the QoR40 scale. Participants were randomized to two groups: rectus sheath block treatments and a control group receiving standard care only. Rectus sheath block improves the quality of recovery in patients undergoing open gynecological surgery one day after surgery without adverse effects, which has successfully made rapid rehabilitation from bench to bedside.

OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to compare the ability of three frailty assessments to predict adverse outcomes after elective gastrointestinal surgery and analyze how frailty assessments impact the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) risk prediction model.METHODS:Frailty was measured using the FRAIL scale, Fried Phenotype (FP), and Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), alongside ASA assessments before surgery. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were used to determine the predictive value of each method. The predictive abilities of the tools were assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs).RESULTS:After adjusting for age and other risk factors, logistic regression analysis revealed significant positive associations between preoperative frailty and postoperative total adverse systemic complications (odds ratios [ORs] [95% CIs]: FRAIL, 1.297 [0.943-1.785]; FP, 1.317 [0.965-1.798]; CFS, 2.046 [1.413-3.015]; P < 0.001). The CFS was the best predictor of any adverse systemic complications (AUC, 0.696; 95% CI, 0.640-0.748). The predictive abilities of the FRAIL scale (AUC, 0.613; 95% CI, 0.555-0.669) and FP (AUC, 0.615; 95% CI, 0.557-0.671) were similar. The CFS and ASA assessment combined (AUC, 0.697; 95% CI, 0.641-0.749) had a statistically improved AUC compared to the ASA assessment alone (AUC, 0.636; 95% CI, 0.578-0.691), illustrating their value for predicting any adverse systemic complications.CONCLUSION:Frailty instruments enhance the accuracy of predicting postoperative outcome in older adults. Clinicians should add frailty assessments before preoperative ASA, particularly the CFS, given its ease of use and clinical feasibility.

EEG monitoring techniques are receiving increasing clinical attention as a common method of reflecting the depth of sedation in the perioperative period. The influence of depth of sedation indices such as the bispectral index (BIS) generated by the processed electroencephalogram (pEEG) machine to guide the management of anesthetic depth of sedation on postoperative outcome remains controversial. This research was designed to decide whether an anesthetic agent exposure determined by raw electroencephalogram (rEEG) can influence anesthetic management and cause different EEG patterns and affect various patient outcomes. A total of 141 participants aged ≥ 60 years undergoing abdominal major surgery were randomized to rEEG-guided anesthesia or routine care group. The rEEG-guided anesthesia group had propofol titrated to keep the rEEG waveform at the C-D sedation depth during surgery, while in the routine care group the anesthetist was masked to the patient’s rEEG waveform and guided the anesthetic management only through clinical experience. The primary outcome was the presence of postoperative complications, the secondary outcomes included intraoperative anesthetic management and different EEG patterns. There were no statistically significant differences in the occurrence of postoperative respiratory, circulatory, neurological and gastrointestinal complications. Further EEG analysis revealed that lower frontal alpha power was significantly associated with a higher incidence of POD, and that rEEG-guidance not only reduced the duration of deeper anesthesia in patients with lower frontal alpha power, but also allowed patients with higher frontal alpha power to receive deeper and more appropriate depths of anesthesia than in the routine care group. In elderly patients undergoing major abdominal surgery, rEEG-guided anesthesia did not reduce the incidence of postoperative respiratory, circulatory, neurological and gastrointestinal complications. rEEG-guided anesthesia management reduced the duration of intraoperative BS in patients and the duration of over-deep sedation in patients with lower frontal alpha waves under anesthesia, and there was a strong association between lower frontal alpha power under anesthesia and the development of POD. rEEG-guided anesthesia may improve the prognosis of patients with vulnerable brains by improving the early identification of frail elderly patients and providing them with a more effective individualized anesthetic managements.

目的 探讨呼吸机相关肺损伤(ventilator-induced lung injury,VILI)发生过程中基因表达和生物学过程的改变,为VILI的分子机制研究提供生物信息学依据.方法 在公共基因表达数据库(gene expression omnibus)检索2019年12月前与VILI相关的基因表达谱数据,下载GSE86229基因表达谱数据,并选择其中两组数据(对照组和高潮气量机械通气组)进行后续分析.首先通过标准化和注释对基因表达谱进行预处理,然后选用Limma方法筛选差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes,DEGs).随后对筛选出的DEGs进行聚类分析,以及基因本体论(gene ontology,GO)和信号通路(KEGG)富集分析.最后,通过STRING数据库、Cytoscape分析蛋白质相互作用网络中关键蛋白质.结果 数据预处理后初步获取了20310个基因,并筛选出337个DEGs.富集分析结果显示DEGs主要参与细胞对炎症、脂多糖和中性粒细胞趋化的生物过程,并主要富集于TNF信号通路;蛋白质相互作用网络分析发现白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、整联蛋白αM(ITGAM)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)和Toll样受体2(TLR-2)为关键蛋白质.结论 生物信息学分析结果显示VILI与炎症反应过程密切相关,可能与IL-6、TNF-α、ITGAM、IL-1β和TLR-2免疫因子密切相关,TNF信号通路在VILI发生过程中起到重要的作用.

Remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia (RIH) is a severe but common postoperative clinical problem with elusive underlying neural mechanisms. Here, we discovered that glutamatergic neurons in the thalamic ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPLGlu) exhibited significantly elevated burst firing accompanied by upregulation of Cav3.1 T-type calcium channel expression and function in RIH model mice. In addition, we identified a glutamatergic neuronal thalamocortical circuit in the VPL projecting to hindlimb primary somatosensory cortex glutamatergic neurons (S1HLGlu) that mediated RIH. In vivo calcium imaging and multi-tetrode recordings revealed heightened S1HLGlu neuronal activity during RIH. Moreover, preoperative suppression of Cav3.1-dependent burst firing in VPLGlu neurons or chemogenetic inhibition of VPLGlu neuronal terminals in the S1HL abolished the increased S1HLGlu neuronal excitability while alleviating RIH. Our findings suggest that remifentanil induces postoperative hyperalgesia by upregulating T-type calcium channel-dependent burst firing in VPLGlu neurons to activate S1HLGlu neurons, thus revealing an ion channel–mediated neural circuit basis for RIH that can guide analgesic development.

Inflammatory pain is the most common type of pain encountered in clinical practice; however, the currently available treatments are limited by insufficient efficacy and side effects. Therefore, new methods to relieve inflammatory pain targeting new mechanisms are urgently needed. Preclinical investigations have shown that CR (calorie restriction) exerts analgesic effects in neuropathic and cancer pain; however, the effect of CR on chronic inflammatory pain remains unknown. During calorie restriction, autophagy, a lysosome-dependent degradation process, can be activated to support cell survival. In the present study, we investigated the analgesic effects of CR on complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammatory pain. The accumulation of LC3-II and p62 showed impaired autophagic flux in the ipsilateral spinal cord of mice with CFA-induced inflammatory pain. CR alleviated mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia and reduced paw edema and pro-inflammatory factors following CFA administration. CR exerted an analgesic effect by restoring autophagic flux in the spinal cord. Regarding the mechanisms underlying the analgesic effects of CR, β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) was studied. CR increased BHB levels in the ipsilateral spinal cord. Furthermore, exogenous BHB administration exerted an analgesic effect by restoring autophagic flux in the spinal cords of CFA-induced inflammatory pain mice. Taken together, these results illustrated that CR relieved inflammatory pain by restoring autophagic flux in the spinal cord, while BHB controlled the benefits of CR, suggesting that CR or BHB might be a promising treatment for inflammatory pain.

目的 探讨个性化血压管理策略对老年胃肠手术后急性肾损伤的影响,以期为降低急性肾损伤发生率提供一定的临床数据.方法 选择2018年9月—2019年12月安徽医科大学第一附属医院择期行胃肠手术的患者166例,采用随机数字表法随机分为个性化血压管理策略组(IM组,84例)与标准血压管理策略组(CON组,82例).比较2组患者各时点平均动脉压(MAP)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、肌酐(CRE)、血尿素氮(BUN)和估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)以及急性肾损伤(AKI)的发生率.结果 2组患者一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).手术麻醉过程中,2组MAP(气管插管前至术毕)、SBP(气管插管前至术毕)、DBP(切皮后1 h)比较差异有统计学意义(|t|＞2.330,均P＜0.05).2组患者CRE均随时间改变,差异有统计学意义(F=188.547,P＜0.001).2组BUN随时间无明显改变,差异无统计学意义(F=1.919,P=0.125).2组eGFR术后较术前均上升,但组间差异无统计学意义(F=1.121,P=0.291).IM组发生AKI 3例(3.6％),CON组发生AKI共10例(12.2％),2组AKI的发生率差异有统计学意义(x2=4.275,P=0.039).结论 采用个性化血压管理策略有助于降低老年胃肠手术后急性肾损伤的发生率.

Objective:Postoperative sleep disturbance after surgery is not conducive to the recovery of patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of the timing of surgery (morning vs afternoon) on the postoperative sleep quality of elderly patients and to analyze the relationship between the timing of surgery and the change in the melatonin level.Methods:Sixty patients who received hip surgery were randomly assigned to the Morning Group (Group M) or the Afternoon Group (Group A). The sleep quality was assessed by the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire. Before and after surgery, the nocturnal urine was collected over a 12-h period, and the 6-sulfatoxymelatonin concentration was measured. Also, the incidence of postoperative delirium (POD) was observed.Results:On the first and second nights after surgery, the sleep quality scores of the patients in Group A were greater than those in Group M, and there was no difference in the sleep quality scores between the two groups on the third night after surgery (P=0.000, P=0.002, P>0.05, respectively). In addition, the urine 6-sulphatoxymelatonin concentration was found to be greater in Group A than in Group M on the first night of surgery (P=0.00). Both the postoperative sleep quality scores and urine 6-sulphatoxymelatonin concentration were significantly less than those before surgery (P=0.00, P=0.00).Conclusion:The postoperative sleep quality scores and melatonin levels of elderly patients who received hip surgery under general anesthesia were significantly less than those of the patients before surgery. Furthermore, the short-term sleep quality of the patients who received surgery in the afternoon was better than that of the patients who received surgery in the morning. This difference may be related to the short-term change of the melatonin level after surgery.

Dexmedetomidine, as an α2-adrenoceptor agonist, plays anti-sympathetic, sedative and analgesic roles in perioperative period. Also, dexmedetomidine can reduce the minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane and the risk of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) induced by sevoflurane anesthesia. But so far, the electroencephalogram (EEG) mechanism of dexmedetomidine deepening sevoflurane anesthesia is not clear. In this study, by analyzing the changes of the power spectrum and bicoherence spectrum of EEG before and after dexmedetomidine infusion, the EEG mechanism of dexmedetomidine deepening sevoflurane anesthesia was studied. We analyzed dexmedetomidine-induced changes in power spectrum and bicoherence spectrum in 23 patients under sevoflurane anesthesia. After anesthesia induction, the sevoflurane concentration was maintained at 0.8 MAC for 15 min, and then dexmedetomidine was administered at a loading dose of 0.8 μg/kg in 10 min, followed by a maintenance rate of 0.5 μg⋅kg–1⋅h–1. Frontal EEG data from 5 min before and 10 min after dexmedetomidine infusion were compared. After dexmedetomidine infusion, the mean α power peak decreased from 6.09 to 5.43 dB and shifted to a lower frequency, the mean θ bicoherence peak increased from 29.57 to 41.25% and shifted to a lower frequency, and the median α bicoherence peak increased from 41.49 to 46.36% and shifted to a lower frequency. These results demonstrate that dexmedetomidine deepens sevoflurane anesthesia, and enhances α and θ bicoherences while shifting peak values of these bands to lower frequencies through regulating thalamo-cortical reverberation networks probably.

PURPOSE:Pressure-controlled volume-guaranteed (PCV-VG) combines the characteristics of pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) and volume-controlled ventilation (VCV). It has been reported that PCV-VG decreases airway pressure and improves oxygenation among the adult group. In this study, the respiratory dynamics of PCV-VG and VCV are compared in pediatric patients ventilated with laryngeal mask airway and underwent laparoscopic hernia of the sac ligation.PATIENTS AND METHODS:Sixty-four pediatric patients were included in this prospective, randomized clinical trial. Pediatric patients were randomly allocated to receive VCV and PCV-VG ventilation during the general anesthesia. The hemodynamic and respiratory variables were recorded at the time when laryngeal mask airway was placed, pneumoperitoneum began, 5 mins after pneumoperitoneum began, pneumoperitoneum ended, and the operation ended respectively. The respiratory adverse events were recorded after the operation and on the first day after the operation. In this study, respiratory adverse events are defined as cough, hoarseness, hypoxemia, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, and sore throat.RESULTS:There was no statistical difference in hemodynamic variables at all time points between the two groups. Compared to the VCV group, peak airway pressure (Ppeak) and plateau airway pressure in the PCV-VG group decreased significantly. Pulmonary dynamic compliance (Cydn) in the PCV-VG group was significantly higher than that in the VCV group. The respiratory adverse events appeared to have no statistical difference between VCV and PCV groups.CONCLUSION:PCV-VG provides a lower Ppeak and better Cydn in pediatric patients compared with the VCV group during laparoscopic surgery. The results suggested that PCV-VG may be a superior way of mechanical ventilation for pediatric patients who ventilated with laryngeal mask airway and experienced laparoscopic surgery.

Retraction: Cheng X-Q, Mei B, Zuo Y-M, Peng X-H, Zhao Q, Liu X-S, Gu E. A multicentre randomised controlled trial of the effect of intra-operative dexmedentomidine on cognitive decline after surgery. Anaesthesia 2019; 74: 741-50. The above article published online on 5 March 2019 in Wiley Online Library (), and in Volume 74, pp. 741-50, has been retracted by agreement from the journal's Editor-in-Chief, Dr Andy Klein, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, and the authors. After a review of the individual patient data, the Editors discovered anomalies with the data and requested a formal investigation. This retraction has been agreed due to an investigation by the ethics committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University which discovered a number of major inconsistencies and concluded that the data could not be deemed to be authentic, and this was agreed by the authors.

Abstract Background Although dexmedetomidine (Dex) is known to reduce bispectral index (BIS) values and propofol dosage, there is little information regarding raw electroencephalography (EEG) changes related to Dex deepening of propofol general anesthesia (GA). This study investigated the Dex effects on propofol GA via analysis of EEG changes. Methods A study cohort of 21 surgical patients (age range, 20–60 years) categorized as American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class I or II was enrolled. We used time-varying spectral and bicoherence methods to compare electroencephalogram signatures 5 min before versus 10 min after intravenous Dex injection under propofol GA. The means and medians are reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and inter-quartile ranges (IQRs), respectively. Results Dex augmented the slow waves power and theta (θ) oscillation bicoherence peak from a mean (95% CI) of 22.1% (19.0, 25.2) to 25.2% (21.8, 28.6). Meanwhile, Dex reduced alpha (α) peak power and bicoherence from 3.5 dB (1.0, 6.0) and 41.5% (34.0, 49.0) to 1.7 dB (− 0.6, 4.0) and 35.4% (29.0, 41.8), respectively, while diminishing the median frequency of α oscillation peak values and the mean frequency of α peaks in bicoherence spectra from 12.0 Hz (IQR 11.2, 12.6) and 11.7 Hz (11.3, 12.2) to 11.1 Hz (IQR 10.3, 11.8) and 11.2 Hz (10.9, 11.6), respectively. Conclusions Profound EEG changes support the supposition that Dex enhances propofol-induced GA from a moderate to a deeper state. The present findings provide a theoretical basis and reference regarding protocols aimed at reducing anesthetic/sedative dosage while maintaining sufficient depth of GA. Clinical trial registration ChiCTR, ChiCTR1900026955 . Registered on 27 October 2019

BACKGROUND:Multimodal general anesthesia based on modified intercostal nerve block (MINB) has been found as a novel method to achieve an intraoperative opioid-sparing effect. However, there is little information about the effective method to inhibit visceral nociceptive stress during single-port thoracoscopic surgery.OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether a low-dose dexmedetomidine infusion followed by MINB might be an alternative method to blunt visceral stress effectively.STUDY DESIGN:Double-blind, randomized control trial.SETTING:Affiliated hospital from March 2020 through September 2020.METHODS:Fifty-four patients were randomized (1:1), 45 patients were included to receive dexmedetomidine with a 0.4 microgram/kg bolus followed by 0.4 microgram/kg/h infusion (group Dex) or saline placebo (group Con). During the operation, an additional dose of remifentanil 0.05-0.25 microgram/kg/min was used to keep mean arterial pressure (MAP) or heart rate (HR) values around 20% below baseline values. The primary outcome was to evaluate remifentanil consumption. Secondary outcomes included intraoperative hemodynamics, the first time to press an analgesia pump, and adverse effects.RESULTS:Remifentanil consumption during surgery was markedly decreased in the Dex group than in the Con group (0 [0-0] versus 560.0 [337.5-965.0] microgram; P = 0.00). MAP and HR in the Con group during the first 5 minutes after visceral exploration was significantly higher than in the Dex group (P < 0.05). Time to first opioid demand was significantly prolonged (P = 0.04) and postoperative length of stay was shortened slightly in the Dex group (P = 0.05).LIMITATIONS:This study was limited by the measurement of nociception.CONCLUSIONS:This study demonstrates that low-dose dexmedetomidine infusion combined with MINB might be an effective alternative method to blunt visceral stress in patients undergoing single-port thoracoscopic lobectomy. Furthermore, the analgesic effect of MINB was significantly prolonged after dexmedetomidine infusion.

目的:探讨超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞联合肺保护性通气管理策略对全麻老年腹部手术病人术后肺部并发症的影响.方法:选取择期全麻下行腹部手术的老年病人100例,随机分成对照组(C组)和超声下腹横肌平面阻滞联合肺保护性通气策略组(PT组),每组50例.观察记录2组病人术后肺部并发症发生率,气管拔管时间、PACU停留时间、术后胃肠通气时间、术后下床活动时间、术后住院时间、麻醉诱导、术中阿片类药物用量,术后6、12、24、48 h的VAS评分.结果:PT组病人术后肺部并发症发生率明显低于C组病人(P<0.01),术后下床活动时间、术后住院时间均短于C组病人(P<0.05),术中瑞芬太尼用量,术后6、12 h的VAS评分低于C组病人(P<0.05和P<0.01),2组病人的气管拔管时间,PACU观察时间,术后胃肠通气时间,麻醉诱导、术中舒芬太尼用量,术后24、48 h的VAS差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:腹横肌平面阻滞联合肺保护性通气管理策略可显著减少全麻老年腹部手术病人术后肺部并发症的发生.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of rare earth upconversion nanoparticles (UCNs) on hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) and explore its possible mechanism. Hepatic IRI seriously affects the prognosis of patients undergoing liver surgery. Liver-resident Kupffer cells have been reported to promote IRI. Nanomedicines are known to be effective in the treatment of liver diseases, however, Kupffer cell-targeting nanomedicines for the treatment of IRI are yet to be developed. As potential bioimaging nanomaterials, UCNs have been found to specifically deplete Kupffer cells, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. In this study, we found that UCNs specifically depleted Kupffer cells by pyroptosis, while the co-administration of the caspase-1 inhibitor VX-765 rescued the UCN-induced Kupffer cell pyroptosis in mice. Furthermore, the pre-depletion of Kupffer cells by the UCNs significantly suppressed the release of inflammatory cytokines and effectively improved hepatic IRI. The rescue of the pyroptosis of the Kupffer cells by VX-765 abrogated the protective effect of UCNs on the liver. These results suggest that UCNs are highly promising for the development of Kupffer cell-targeting nanomedicines for intraoperative liver protection.

目的 观察低中心静脉压(LCVP)管理联合目标导向血流动力学管理(GDHT)与去甲肾上腺素联合GDHT对肝部分切除术患者术中管理和术后恢复质量的影响.方法 选择择期行肝部分切除术患者70例,男43例,女27例,年龄18～75岁,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,心功能NYHAⅠ或Ⅱ级,Child-Pugh评分A或B级.随机分为两组:LCVP管理联合GDHT组(LG组,n=33)和去甲肾上腺素联合GDHT组(NG组,n=37).两组均桡动脉连接Flotrac/Vigileo系统监测每搏量变异度(SVV)和心脏指数(CI),术中以MAP、SVV和CI为目标行GDHT.LG组在行肝部分切除时,调控CVP≤5 mmHg;NG组在麻醉诱导时开始泵注去甲肾上腺素0.04～0.20μg·kg-1·min-1,直至手术结束.记录术中失血量、肝脏切除期间失血量、术中输液量;记录术后首次排气时间;记录术后急性肾损伤(AKI)、术后肺部并发症(PPCs)的发生情况以及术后住院时间.结果 NG组术中输液量明显少于LG组(P<0.05),术后首次排气时间明显短于LG组(P<0.05).两组术中失血量、肝脏切除期间失血量和术后住院时间差异无统计学意义.两组术后AKI、PPCs发生率差异无统计学意义.结论 与LCVP管理联合GDHT比较,去甲肾上腺素联合GDHT可以安全用于肝部分切除术,可减少术中输液量,缩短患者术后首次排气时间.