目的 对儿童眼外伤患者的流行病学特征分析总结.方法 回顾性研究.收集2019年1月至2022年6月北京儿童医院眼科急诊入院接受全麻手术治疗的儿童眼外伤患者临床资料,统计分析.结果 共71例(72眼)纳入研究,男46例(65％),女25例(35％);单眼70例,双眼1例.年龄最小10个月,最大13岁9个月.男童和女童年龄构成无显著差异(P=0.115),但随年龄增长,收治人数均呈下降趋势.儿童居住地与医院距离远近对伤后就诊时间有显著影响(P＜0.001),距离越远,就诊时间越晚.致伤原因以锐器伤居多,共55例(77％).受伤地点绝大多数在学校以外(96％).眼外伤多发季节为4～7月.72眼均为机械性眼外伤,其中闭合性眼外伤39眼,开放性眼外伤33眼.结论 男童和婴幼儿期儿童是儿童眼外伤的重点关注人群,要加强意外伤害教育和监管力度,尤其是在校外.

目的 探究以综合护理干预方式对微导管辅助小梁切开术治疗儿童青光眼术后护理康复效果的影响.方法 选取2018年1月至2018年12月进行微导管辅助小梁切开术的41例青光眼患儿.对照组采取青光眼手术常规护理,干预组进行综合护理干预.比较两组术后并发症发生率,家长积极心理情绪状况.结果 干预组患儿术后并发症发生率较对照组患儿降低,家属的积极心理情绪率显著高于对照组.结论 对微导管辅助小梁切开术后的青光眼患儿采取综合护理干预,能够降低患儿术后并发症发生率,保证术后康复效果,改善家长心理情绪状态.

目的:比较单次时点尿估算24小时尿钠排出量的三种常用公式在儿童中应用的准确性.方法:采用横断面研究设计,基于医院人群,收集5～18周岁儿童完整24小时内各次尿样及24小时尿样,并检测尿钠、钾、肌酐浓度,利用Kawasaki(K法)、INTERSALT(I法)和Tanaka(T法)公式,比较24小时尿钠排出量估计值与实测值绝对偏差、相对偏差分布,分析错分情况,评估准确性.结果:最终纳入分析129例儿童,年龄范围设定5～18周岁.24小时尿钠排出量均值为2694.9 mg/d,K法、I法、T法公式估计值分别为5087.5 mg/d、2721.3 mg/d和3000.6 mg/d;人群水平绝对偏差均值:K法最高(2367.6 mg/d),I法、T法分别为26.4 mg/d和258.8 mg/d;个体估计值与实测值相对偏差超过40％的比例,K法、I法和T法分别为79.8％、34.9％和38.5％,相对偏差低于20％比例均不超过35％;折算成盐摄入量后,K法、I法和T法估计值总体错分率分别为73.1％、69.0％和62.4％.现有公式在儿童中存在低值高估与高值低估的情况.结论:单次时点尿估算24小时尿钠排出量,I法、T法在估算儿童人群水平准确性尚可,但估计个体水平时三个公式准确性均较差,应进一步研究提高评估准确性的方法.

目的 总结先天性白内障伴发育迟缓患儿的护理体会.方法 选取2014年10月至2017年10月确诊先天白内障伴发育迟缓并于我院眼科行白内障手术的38例患儿(75眼).总结其围手术期特点,进行观察和护理.结果 所有患儿术后视力均有提高.术后l例发生前房出血,余无伤口裂开及感染等并发症发生.结论 通过精心治疗和护理,先天性白内障并发育迟缓的患儿可减少术后并发症,安全度过围手术期,提高手术治疗效果.

Objective To summarize and discuss the causes and nursing measures of postoperative keratitis in children patients with congenital ptosis.Methods A total of 489 children patients undergoing surgical correction of congenital ptosis were selected,and all of them received frontalis suspension surgery under general anesthesia.There were 13 cases occurred keratitis complications in 489 postoperative children,and a retrospective analysis was conducted among the 13 patients in order to identify the causes for occurrence of keratitis and to explore nursing measures.Results The most common cause was corneal exposure,which occurred in 5 cases with exposure keratitis.Two cases of children were caused by pulling the lower eyelid suture due to improper nursing when applying ointments in children at the beginning of sleep,who recovered after nursing treatment.Two cases of children cried with eye pain on postoperative day 1,with self-conscious symptoms improvement and narrowing of corneal punctate staining narrow under the slit lamp on postoperative day 2 after careful nursing,and with getting better after 3 days.Three cases of children were caused by trichiasis,and one case was with frontalis suspension undercorrection and upper eyelid entropion and trichiasis.After treating and nursing,the keratitis symptoms of children improved and self-conscious symptoms disappeared,and corneal epithelial repaired.Conclusions The postoperative keratitis from different causes in children patients with congenital ptosis can be cured by early detection and the active treatment and individual nursing measures according to their different causes,which can reduce the incidence of complications,provide a basis for further improvement on nursing work and improve the success rate of surgery.