Objective: To study the incidence of breast diseases among female staff with geological field teaching and research in a college in Wuhan, China, through routine physical examination and community’s "two-cancer screening" in 2021. Methods: Breast color Doppler ultrasound was used for examination, according to the evaluation method proposed by the American College of Radiology for identifying the benign and malignant degree of breast lesions, namely BI-RADS classification evaluation system. Results: A total of 1 749 people were included, and the incidence of breast diseases was the highest in the on-job teachers（249/1 749, 3. 20%）, especially in the age group between 41 and 50years old（97/249, 38. 96%）; the incidence of breast fibroma was most common in the females younger than 30 years old, breast hyperplasia and breast cysts was most common in the females of 31-40years old, while breast cancer was most common in the females of more than 40 years old. The incidence of breast disease was higher among the female teachers requiring field teaching（101/166,60. 84%） than those without field teaching experience（148/305, 48. 52%）, and the incidence of breast diseases was higher in those requiring field teaching for more than 1 month（65/101, 64. 36%）than in those who had shorter field teaching time（36/101, 35. 64%）. Conclusion: The female teachers who need a long time of field teaching and research are the population with high incidence of breast diseases, which should be paid more attention in the follow-up. The reasons for the high incidence need further investigation and analysis, so as to reduce the occurrence of breast diseases.

目的 了解武汉某大学儿童哮喘的发病和10年转归及其影响因素.方法 回顾分析1994年1月至2007年12月在武汉某大学校医院就诊治疗的108例儿童哮喘患者,采用家庭访视,电话随访等方法收集2007年至2017年的10年间患者哮喘发作、就诊、用药及转归情况,以及伴发过敏性鼻炎、特异性皮炎等信息,对此进行统计分析.结果 108例儿童哮喘首次发病年龄3岁以内的69例,3岁后的39例,有反复哮喘史97例.支气管哮喘发作年龄6岁以下频次较高,6～7岁是一分水岭,学龄期哮喘发作明显好转,12岁临床缓解率达到91％.哮喘急性发作以轻、中度及秋、冬季为多见,哮喘常合并过敏性鼻炎、特异性皮炎,随年龄增长过敏性鼻炎程度趋于好转,特异性皮炎到年长时趋于缓解痊愈.2年以上长期应用糖皮质激素吸入的患者与未长期维持的患者其肥胖发生率差异甚微.结论 儿童哮喘多起病于学龄前,学龄期和青春期多能临床缓解,预后良好,过敏性鼻炎变应性疾病是其常见合并症,早期干预,长期糖皮质激素维持期治疗安全有效,提高生活质量.

Stromatolite and Molar-tooth structure are of interest for geologists.Stromatolites underwent five major declines occurring at 2000 Ma,1250Ma,1000 Ma,675Ma and 450 Ma.Recently,according to a non-stromatolitic sedimentary succession in Yanshan area,there might be another stromatolite decline occurring at 1450Ma.Thus,there are six stromatolite declines during geological time and they are comparatively scarce at present day.The success of stromatolites depends upon synsedimentary lithification and calcification,which are essential for accretion and preservation to occur.Calcification reflects environmental constraints especially seawater chemistry.Both metazoan influence and seawater saturation state have combined to determine abundance of stromatolites throughout Phanerozoic.In contrast,for major part of Precambrian that seawater saturation state,together with microbial evolution,was principal factor determining stromatolites development.And the Precambrian enigma is so interesting and confusing,but has not yet been well understood.Molar-tooth structure appears to be limited time and space,only in fine-grained carbonates of Precambrian age,and it also reflects saturation state of CaCO3.In secular Precambrian,after most stromatolite decline are frequently developed molar-tooth deposits and MT occurred in deeper water than stromatolite.Both molar-tooth structure and stromatolite can provide meaningful clues for understanding of Precambrian carbonate world.And fluctuations in seawater chemistry are also important for us to understand geological history.

Stromatolite and molar-tooth structures are two kinds of peculiar Precambrian sedimentary phenomena,attracting great attention from geologists.Despite the well-known fact that stromatolites are induced by a variety of abiotic and microbial processes,they remain a Precambrian enigma because no significant microbial evidence has ever been found.Molar-tooth(MT) is an enigmatic sedimentary structure which is mainly distributed in the subtidal carbonate rocks of the Precambrian.The particular configuration of MT cracks filled with the equally-sized microspar calcite results in continuous debating for their genesis.The latest studies reveal that the number of stromatolite morphotype taxa changes over earth history that include a peak of abundance in Proterozoic and several dramatic declines from then on.It appears that MT stucture was developed in episode of relatively high abundance after the declining of the stomatolite and occurres in the deeper water than stromatolite in the Precambrian.Both stromatolite declines and MT episodes may be greatly associated with ocean chemistry changes,instead of metazoan interference.The understanding of this may contribute to the invetihation of the insight into the complicated and multivariant Precambrian carbonate world.