Objective: To study the incidence of breast diseases among female staff with geological field teaching and research in a college in Wuhan, China, through routine physical examination and community’s "two-cancer screening" in 2021. Methods: Breast color Doppler ultrasound was used for examination, according to the evaluation method proposed by the American College of Radiology for identifying the benign and malignant degree of breast lesions, namely BI-RADS classification evaluation system. Results: A total of 1 749 people were included, and the incidence of breast diseases was the highest in the on-job teachers（249/1 749, 3. 20%）, especially in the age group between 41 and 50years old（97/249, 38. 96%）; the incidence of breast fibroma was most common in the females younger than 30 years old, breast hyperplasia and breast cysts was most common in the females of 31-40years old, while breast cancer was most common in the females of more than 40 years old. The incidence of breast disease was higher among the female teachers requiring field teaching（101/166,60. 84%） than those without field teaching experience（148/305, 48. 52%）, and the incidence of breast diseases was higher in those requiring field teaching for more than 1 month（65/101, 64. 36%）than in those who had shorter field teaching time（36/101, 35. 64%）. Conclusion: The female teachers who need a long time of field teaching and research are the population with high incidence of breast diseases, which should be paid more attention in the follow-up. The reasons for the high incidence need further investigation and analysis, so as to reduce the occurrence of breast diseases.
Objective:To analyze the etiological and epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth dis-ease(HFMD)from 2008 to 2021 in Hubei Province,China,and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of HFMD.Methods:The information on HFMD cases and enterovirus 71(EV71)vaccine data were obtained from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information Sys-tem and the Children Immunization Program Information Management System of Hubei,and the etio-logical and epidemiological analyses were conducted.Results:A total of 981 050 cases were reported in Hubei Province from 2008 to 2021 including 1 667 severe cases and 112 deaths,with an average an-nual incidence of 120.80/100 000.The severe cases rate and deaths rate were 0.17％and 0.01％re-spectively,and the annual mortality rate was 0.05/100 000.Cases in children ≤5 years old account-ed for 95.28％.The male-to-female ratio was 1.56∶1.The scattered children and kindergarten chil-dren accounted for 67.32％and 29.06％.The two incidence peaks were observed every year except for 2020(maybe affected by the COVID-19 epidemic),one was between April and June in spring and summer,and another was between October and December in autumn and winter.On the whole,EV71 was the dominant strain in Hubei Province from 2008 to 2021.The top five areas with the high-est incidence in Hubei province were Shennongjia Forest(303.95/100 000),Huangshi(204.62/100000),Xiangyang(197.17/100 000),Ezhou(182.83/100 000),and Shiyan(159.23/100 000).The average vaccination rate of EV71 vaccine was 18.45％from 2008 to 2021.Conclusion:HFMD in Hubei Province shows obvious seasonal,population,and regional distribution characteristics.Since 2008,EV71 has been the dominant strain,and scattered children and kindergarten children were high-risk groups.To effectively prevent HFMD,it is necessary to promote the vaccination of EV71,and strengthen epidemic surveillance,especially monitoring the genotypes and recombinants of dominant strains.
Objective:To investigate the efficacy of intravenous human immunoglobulin(IVIG)in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)and COVID-19.Methods:A total of 43 patients with ARDS and COVID-19 admitted to the ICU from November 2022 to January 2023 were included in a retrospective cohort study.The general data of the two groups of patients were compared,and the oxygenation index(PaO2/FiO2),arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2),arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO2),and other related blood gas indexes were compared after treatment.Inter-leukin 6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α)and other inflammatory indexes were compared,as well as prognostic indicators such as the incidence of deep vein thrombosis,cerebral infarction,ICU length of stay,and total hospital cost within 28 days of admission.Results:There was no statistical significance in the general situation between the two groups(P＞0.05).Compared with the control group,PaCO2 in the IVIG treatment group was significantly improved two days after treatment(P＜0.05).However,the degree of improvement in PaO2/FiO2 and PaO2 between the two groups was not significantly different(P＞0.05).Two days after treatment,IL-6 and TNF-α were decreased in both groups,and the decrement was more significant in the IVIG treatment group(P＜0.05).The inci-dence of lower limb venous thrombosis and cerebral infarction in the IVIG treatment group was higher than in the control group within 28 days(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in the length of ICU stay and total hospital expenses between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion:Intravenous human immunoglobulin can not improve clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and ARDS,and may increase the risk of venous thrombosis.
Objective:To investigate the expression of mitochondrial fusion protein 2(Mfn2)in lipopolysac charide(LPS)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats with acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).Method:A total of forty-eight male SD rats were divided into the control group and LPS group,and each group was divided into four subgroups(T1,T3,T7,and T14)according to the time points of treatment(1,3,7,and 14 day(s)after administration).The lung tissue was collected and stained with HE.The pathological changes of lung tissue were observed,and the content of hydroxyproline(HYP)in the lung tissue was detected.Routine immunohistochemical staining of lung tissue sections was used to detect the expression of Mfn2 in lung tissue;Western Blot and real time-PCR were adopt-ed to detect the protein and mRNA expression of Mfn2 in lung tissue.Results:Pathological results showed that pulmonary interstitial fibrosis was formed in the lung,and the alveolar structure was dis-ordered.The HYP contents of the LPS group were increased at the time-points of T3,T7,and T14(all P＜0.05).Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of Mfn2 in the lung tissue of the rats began to decrease after T3.The results of Western Blot and RT-PCR showed that compared with those of the control group,the Mfn2 protein and gene expression in lung tissue of the LPS group were significantly down-regulated at T3,T7,and T14(all P＜0.05).Conclusion:Intratracheal instil-lation of LPS can induce acute lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis in rats,and the expression of Mfn2 in injured lung tissue is significantly reduced,suggesting that Mfn2 is closely related to LPS-induced acute lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis in rats.
Objective:To study the expression of epithelial cell transformation sequence 2(ECT2)in cervi-cal cancer patients and its clinical significance.Methods:The Oncomine database was used to analyze the expression of ECT2 in cervical cancer patients,and the GEPIA was used to analyze its prognostic value.Immunohistochemical staining was used to analyze the protein expression of ECT2 in cervical cancer and paracancerous tissues and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics.Then we constructed ECT2 overexpressed cervical cancer cell Hela(Hela-ECT2)and ECT2 knocked down cer-vical cancer cells Siha(Siha-siRNA)and C33a(C33a-siRNA).Scratch test was adopted to detect cell migration ability.Results:The mRNA and protein levels of ECT2 in patients with cervical cancer were significantly increased(P＜0.001),and ECT2 was related to the pathological grade of cervical cancer patients(P＜0.05).The cervical cancer patients with high expression of ECT2 had a worse prognosis,and ECT2 promoted cervical cancer cells'migration.Conclusion:Epithelial cell transfor-mation sequence 2 is highly expressed in cervical cancer,and affects the prognosis of cervical cancer by promoting the migration of cervical cancer cells.
Objective:To explore the impacts of curcumin(CUR)on inflammation and vaginal flora in rats with bacterial vaginitis(BV)by regulating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.Methods:SD rats were randomly grouped into control(Ctrl)group,BV group,low-dose and high-dose CUR(L-CUR,H-CUR)groups,and TLR4 inhibitor group.BV model was established by vaginal injection of Gardnerella vaginalis and Escherichia coli mixed bacterial suspension(except Ctrl group);Diff-Quik staining was implemented to detect the changes in cell composition in vaginal secretions;HE staining was implemented to observe the pathological changes of vaginal tissue;ELISA was imple-mented to detect the expression of inflammatory factors in vaginal secretions;high-throughput sequenc-ing was implemented to analyze vaginal flora changes(Shannon index(diversity),Chao index(rich-ness),and changes at phylum and genus levels);and Western Blot was implemented to detect the ex-pression of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins in vaginal tissue.Results:Com-pared with the Ctrl group,the vaginal epithelial cells in the vaginal secretions of the rats in the BV group were less,but a large number of leukocytes could be seen,and the expressions of IL-10,TNF-a,and IL-1β were increased(P＜0.05);obvious pathological changes occurred in the vaginal tis-sue,including vaginal wall thickening,obvious congestion and edema,inflammatory cell infiltration,and a large number of necrotic tissues fell off;Shannon index and Chao index of vaginal flora increased(P＜0.05);Firmicutes and Lactobacillus decreased,Actinobacteria,Proteobacteria,Gardnerella vag-inalis,and Escherichia coli increased(P＜0.05);the expressions of TLR4,MyD88,and NF-κB pro-teins in vaginal tissue increased(P＜0.05);after the intervention of L-CUR,H-CUR and TLR4 inhib-itors,the above conditions were improved,and the effects of H-CUR and TLR4 inhibitors were bet-ter.Conclusion:CUR can reduce vaginal inflammation and regulate vaginal flora in BV rats,which may be achieved by inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Ubiquitin-specific protease 25(USP25)is a member of the deubiquitination enzyme family.It maintains the dynamic balance of cellular ubiquitin by dissociating the ubiquitin chain molecules,thereby reversely regulating the degradation of protein ubiquitination.More and more studies have shown that USP25 plays an important role in tumors and immunity.This review is about the research on the progress of USP25 and its mechanism in tumors and immune response,to provide reference for clinicians.
Immunocompromised with pulmonary infection is the most common type of tissue-invasive infection,and acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)is a severe manifestation of pulmonary infection.Recognition of infection in immunocompromised hosts is lagging,and common signs of infection are easily overlooked because the inflammatory response is not obvious.Invasive diagnostic techniques are an important means of obtaining validated secretion specimens.Early and aggressive specific microbiological diagnosis,effective differential diagnosis,and timely adjustment of antibiotic regimens can avoid the potential toxicity of broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy.
Objective:To investigate the current liver health status of the health examination population,and to study the related risk factors.Methods:Subjects who underwent physical examination in the Health Examination Center of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from Jan.1 to Dec.31,2021,were included in the study.Demographic data and laboratory biochemical test data were collect-ed,and liver stiffness measurement(LSM)was measured by Hepatest ultrasound liver cirrhosis detec-tor.The subjects were divided into a normal LSM group(LSM≤7 kPa)and a higher LSM group(LSM＞7 kPa),and the influencing factors of liver hardness were modeled by binary logistic regres-sion.Results:A total of 5 211 subjects were included in this study,including 4 605 cases in the nor-mal LSM group and 606 cases in the high LSM group,with a rate of 11.6％.The age of the normal group([46.93±13.26]years)was significantly younger than that of the high group([50.97±13.99]years)(P＜0.001).The results of the binary logistic analysis model showed that increased age(P＜0.001),body mass index(P＜0.001),alanine aminotransferase(P＜0.001),glucose(P＜0.001),globulin(P＜0.001),direct bilirubin(P＜0.001),and alkaline phosphatase(P=0.034)were associat-ed with increased risk of higher liver hardness,and can be used as independent predictors.Conclu-sion:According to the population with different demographic characteristics,liver health protection strategies were different.In addition,the high-risk population can be screened as early as possible by combining the detection of alanine transaminase,globulin,and other indicators to achieve early diag-nosis and treatment.
Objective:To conduct a meta-analysis on the efficacy of intravenous alteplase combined with ag-atroban compared with intravenous alteplase alone in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Methods:Digital libraries including PubMed,EMBASE,Scopus,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Tri-als,and CNKI were used to search relevant studies from January 2000 to April 2023.Clinical trials that compared intravenous alteplase combined with argatroban vs.intravenous alteplase alone were in-cluded.The meta-analysis was performed with RevMan 5.4 software and between-study heterogene-ity was estimated by using the I2 statistic.Results:This meta-analysis comprised four clinical trials,which consisted of three randomized controlled trials and one cohort study,involving a total of 1 118 participants.The results showed that compared with intravenous alteplase alone,intravenous al-teplase combined with argatroban did not improve the neurological function(OR=0.96,95％CI:0.72-1.28,P=0.77,I2=0％)and recanalization(RR=0.96,95％CI:0.84-1.10,P=0.58,77％)of the patients.Moreover,no significant difference was found in the incidence of parenchymal hemorrhage type 2(OR=1.11,95％CI:0.47-2.61,P=0.81)and symptomatic intracranial hemor-rhage(OR=0.92,95％CI:0.59-1.42,P=0.70,I2=0％)between the two groups.Conclusion:In-travenous alteplase combined with argatroban does not yield superior results as compared with intrave-nous alteplase alone in treating patients with acute ischemia stroke.
Objective:To compare the efficacy and adverse reactions of incomplete and complete prone posi-tion mechanical ventilation in the treatment of adult acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).Methods:PubMed,Embase,the Cochrane Library,Wanfang database,CNKI,VIP database,Web of Science,and other clinical randomized controlled trials on mechanical ventilation were searched in the prone position for ARDS patients published from the establishment of the database to October 25,2022.The experimental group was given incomplete-prone ventilation,while the control group was given complete-prone ventilation.The outcome indicators included heart rate(HR),arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO2),arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2),blood oxygen satura-tion(SaO2),mean arterial pressure(MAP),central venous pressure(CVP),oxygenation index(PaO2/FiO2),and the incidence of adverse reactions(pressure injury,gastric contents reflux aspiration,and unplanned extubation).Two researchers independently screened the literature,extracted data,and evaluated the bias risk of the included literature.RevMan 5.4 software was used for meta-analysis.Results:A total of 607 patients were included in 8 articles,including 337 in the experimental group and 270 in the control group.Meta-analysis results showed that PaO2 in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group(MD=4.27,95％CI:3.23-5.31,P＜0.01),and the incidence of pressure injury and gastric contents aspiration was significantly reduced(RR=0.30,95％CI:0.22-0.42,P＜0.05;RR=0.25,95％CI:0.10-0.63,P＜0.01).However,there was no statistical difference in SaO2,HR,PaCO2,PaO2/FiO2,CVP,MAP,and unplanned extubation between the two groups.Conclusion:Compared with complete prone ventilation,incomplete prone ventilation can increase PaO2 in ARDS and reduce the incidence of pressure injury and gastric contents aspiration,but there is no statistical difference in SaO2,HR,PaCO2,PaO2/FiO2,CVP,and MAP,and it can not reduce the incidence of unplanned extubation.
A case of adult Still's disease was reported.The patient was a seventy-one-year-old female who was admitted to the hospital with recurrent fever,sore throat,and rash.After two months of corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive therapy,she developed dyspnea and was transferred to the Adult Intensive Care Unit(AICU).Severe Nocardia pneumonia with bacteremia was confirmed after perfecting her inspection.After sensitive antibiotics,a ventilator,prone position ventilation,extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO),continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT),toxin adsorption,and other treatments,she once improved for a while and then deteriorated again.Ultimately,she died of severe pneumonia.Nocardiosis is an opportunistic infection.Nocardia bacteremia is a highly fatal disease.Early diagnosis and adequate treatment are expected to improve the survival rate of patients with Nocardia bacteremia.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)remains one of the main death reasons in ICU with the characteristic of high morbidity and the huge burden of disease.Nowadays the most effective therapy for ARDS is still supportive therapy.The absence of specific treatment for ARDS is mainly due to its heterogeneity.Precision medicine has been proven to be feasible in some kinds of diseases such as tumors.Physicians are beginning to implement precision medicine in ARDS treatment.The primary obstacle is the lack of precise classification to define what kind of patient will benefit from mechanism-targeted treatments,and whether it is univariablc classification or multivariate modeling,all of them have more or fewer drawbacks that cannot be applied to the clinic.Thus,the key challenge in the identification of treatable traits and the implementation of precision medicine approaches in ARDS should be the discovery of proper markers.
Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of sitagliptin(SIT),a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor,on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced acute lung injury(ALI).Methods:Male C57BL/6 mice,aged 6-8 weeks,were randomly assigned to four groups:Control,SIT,LPS,and LPS+SIT.An ALI model was established by intraperitoneally injecting LPS(10 mg/kg),and the LPS+SIT group received an intraperitoneal injection of SIT(100 mg/kg)1 hour before the LPS injection.After 12 hours,the mice were sacrificed,and their lung tissues were examined pathologically and molecular-ly.THP-1 cells were cultured and differentiated into a macrophage phenotype.The cells were then randomly divided into five groups:Control,SIT,LPS,LPS+SIT,and LPS+Ferrostatin-1(Fer-1,a ferroptosis inhibitor).SIT(100 mmol/L)and Fer-1(5 pmol/L)were added to the LPS+SIT and LPS+Fer-1 groups,respectively.One hour later,LPS(1 μg/mL)was added to establish a cell inju-ry model,and after 8 hours of LPS stimulation,cells from each group were collected for detection.Results:Compared with the Control group,the lung injury score,lung wet/dry weight ratio,and the levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α were significantly increased in the LPS group,while SIT pretreatment significantly alleviated LPS-induced lung tissue injury and inflamma-tion in mice.SIT pretreatment reduced the accumulation of iron and malondialdehyde in lung tissue of mice stimulated by LPS,restored the enzymatic activity of glutathione peroxidase and the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2),glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4),solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11),and heme oxygenase 1(HO-1).In cell experiments,SIT pretreat-ment exerted a similar protective effect as Fer-1,restored the expression of key molecules such as GPX4,which could inhibit ferroptosis,and improved cell viability.Conclusion:SIT pretreatment can significantly ameliorate LPS-induced ALI in mice,which can effectively inhibit LPS-stimulated macrophage ferroptosis,correct iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation disorders,and reduce lung tis-sue injury,thus SIT can serve as a potential therapeutic option for ALI/ARDS.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)is an effective treatment for cancer and precancerous lesions of the digestive tract,and it has shown a good therapeutic effect.The incidence of adverse events after colorectal ESD is higher because of the thin intestinal wall,narrow space,large folding bending,and dissociation.It is important to improve the efficacy and prognosis of colorectal ESD to understand the features such as occurrence and development,risk factors,prevention and treatment of colorectal ESD adverse events.
Objective:To investigate the incidence of hearing loss and external ear malformation of pre-school children,and to analyze the abnormalities of otological examination of the preschool children aged 3-6 years.Methods:A total of 2 760 preschool children aged 3-6 years in 13 kindergartens in Hongshan District of Wuhan City were screened for binaural hearing using distortion product otoacous-tic emissions(DPOAE).Those who failed were referred to the otorhinolaryngology department of Hu-bei Maternity and Child Health Hospital for diagnostic examination.Results:Among 2 760 preschool children aged 3-6 years,115(4.17％)failed in the primary hearing screening,of which 74 cases(2.68％)failed for unilateral screening and 41 cases(1.49％)failed for bilateral.73 cases(60.87％)accept referrals.In these 73 children,11 had normal hearing,37(50.68％)had otitis media with effu-sion,23(31.51％)had impacted cerumen,and 2 cases(2.74％)had sensorineural hearing impair-ment.Among the 2 760 children,170 had congenital malformation of external ear,58 had congenital preauricular fistula,and 23 had accessory auricles.Conclusion:DPOAE can be used effectively in hearing screening for preschool children.The hearing loss of preschool children in this group was mainly mild to moderate conductive hearing loss and mild unilateral sensorineural hearing loss.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS),an acute progressive respiratory failure,is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients.Regarding the treatment of ARDS,the general supportive treatment is currently mainly used.Endoplasmic reticulum(ER)autophagy,ER-phagy,maintains cellular homeostasis by selective degradation of ER segments and misfolded proteins.ER-phagy can regulate inflammatory responses and apoptosis,remove pathogens in the ER lumen,and control collagen quality.In this review,we summarized the research status of ARDS,the pathogenesis of ARDS,the definition and regulation mechanism of ER-phagy,and speculated that ER-phagy may emerge as an important target in treating ARDS.
Objective:To explore the key target and molecular mechanism of resveratrol(RES)in the treat-ment of ulcerative colitis(UC)by network pharmacology.Methods:RES targets and UC-related pro-teins were searched through the SwissTargetPrediction and GeneCards database.The intersection of the action target and related protein is a potential target of RES for UC treatment.STRING database was used to find the target relationship,and Cytoscape was used to screen the core targets.GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was performed using the bioinformatics website.The"component-target-pathway"network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.9.2 software.SwissDock was adopted for molecular docking.Results:A total of 69 RES targets and 533 UC targets were ob-tained,and 22 RES targets were obtained after the intersection.EGFR,SRC,MMP9 and MMP2 are located at the core of the protein interaction network and all exist in the relaxin signaling pathway and estrogen signaling pathway.RES had a strong interaction with core targets.Conclusion:RES regulates relaxin and estrogen signaling pathways through EGFR,SRC,MMP9,and MMP2 to treat UC.
Objective:To investigate the expression of chemokine(C-C motif)ligand 3(CCL3)and the solu-ble cluster of differentiation 40 ligands(sCD40L)in the serum of patients with acute pulmonary embo-lism(APE)and their relationship with the severity and prognosis of the disease.Methods:A total of 126 patients with APE diagnosed in the emergency department of Civil Aviation General Hospital in Beijing from January 2020 to March 2022 were selected as the APE group.According to the severity of the disease,they were divided into a low-risk group(56 cases),a medium-risk group(40 cases)and a high-risk group(30 cases).All the APE patients were also divided into a survival group(92 cases)and a death group(34 cases)according to their six-month survival after discharge.At the same time,110 healthy volunteers who had physical examinations were selected as the control group.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the expression of CCL3 and sCD40L in se-rum.Pearson method was used to analyze the correlation between the expression levels of serum CCL3 and sCD40L;multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors influenc-ing the prognosis of APE patients.Results:Compared with those in the control group,serum CCL3 and sCD40L levels in the APE group were higher(P＜0.05).The expression levels of CCL3 and sCD40L in the high-risk group were higher than those in the medium-risk and low-risk groups,and those in the medium-risk group were higher than those in the low-risk group(P＜0.05).Correlation analysis showed that the expression levels of CCL3 and sCD40L in the serum of APE patients were positively correlated(P＜0.05).Compared with the death group,the expression levels of CCL3 and sCD40L in the survival group decreased obviously(P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that smoking history,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,and the expression levels of CCL3 and sCD40L were factors affecting the prognosis of APE patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion:The expression level of CCL3 and sCD40L in the serum of APE patients is abnormally elevated,which is related to the severity of the disease.Both of them are valuable indicators for the prognosis of APE pa-tients.
Objective:To analyze the trend in infective endocarditis(IE)burden and its attributable risk fac-tors in China from 1990 to 2019.Methods:Based on available data sources from the Global Burden of Disease GBD 2019 database,incidence,mortality,disability-adjusted of life years(DALY),years lived with disability(YLD),years of life lost(YLL),and other indicators were used to analyze the changes in IE burden by gender and age with its attributable risk factors in China from 1990 to 2019.Results:In 2019,the age-standardized incidence,mortality and DALY rates of IE in China were 14.78,0.24,and 6.79 per 100 000,respectively,which in males were higher than those in females.The incidence,mortality,and DALY rates decreased first and then increased with age,with the high-est peaks in the same age group of 95 plus.High systolic blood pressure,high-salt diet,and lead ex-posure were the risk factors for IE burden in China.From 1990 to 2019 in China,the age-standard-ized incidence and YLD rates showed an upward trend,whereas the age-standardized mortality,DA-LY and YLL rates showed a downward trend.Conclusion:From 1990 to 2019 in China,the inci-dence of IE increased,while the mortality rate decreased.At present,reducing the incidence of elder-ly men and easing the burden of IE attributed by disability should be addressed.
