以籼稻“11402”为主要研究对象，NB为基本培养基进行组织培养试验，统计其出愈率情况，分析不同浓度单糖、双糖和多糖对水稻成熟胚出愈率的影响，得到葡萄糖、蔗糖和淀粉作为单一碳源的最佳浓度和两种碳源的最佳混合配比浓度，使得水稻成熟胚出愈率和愈伤组织质量得到较大提高。试验结果表明：在单一碳源中浓度为40g·L-1最好，单糖（葡萄糖）对水稻成熟胚的出愈率影响最小，二糖（蔗糖）对水稻成熟胚的出愈率影响最大，多糖（淀粉）次之，糖类的混合配比比单一的糖类出愈率更高，其最佳混合配比是在蔗糖与淀粉总量为40g·-1下，且蔗糖与淀粉浓度比为3：1时为最佳，出愈率最高．质量较好。

2008-2009年期间,采用毛细管点滴法测定了浙、苏、皖、湘、鄂、川、豫等7省17个种群二化螟4龄幼虫对常用杀虫剂的抗性,结果表明:长江流域稻区二化螟对杀虫剂的抗性分布存在明显的区域性.高抗区浙江南部的苍南、瑞安、江山二化螟种群对20世纪70-90年代广泛使用的沙蚕毒素类的杀虫单(抗性倍数43.2～177.0倍)和有机磷类的三唑磷(238.7～728.1倍)、毒死蜱(31.7～57.8倍)均产生了高-极高水平抗性,且对近年来开始广泛使用的氟虫腈(11.2～24.7倍)和阿维菌素(5.9～7.1倍)也产生了中等或低水平抗性;中抗区的安徽庐江、湖南攸县、江苏高淳种群对三唑磷产生极高水平抗性(203.2～379.0倍),对杀虫单(18.3～48.8倍)和毒死蜱(29.8倍)产生了中等-高水平抗性,对氟虫腈(4.4倍)和阿维菌素(4.1～4.7倍)为敏感性降低;低抗区除江苏仪征种群对毒死蜱(45.2倍)、安徽和县种群对三唑磷(50.0倍)开始产生高水平抗性外,对其他杀虫剂为敏感-中等水平抗性,对氟虫腈和阿维菌素为敏感;敏感区的河南信阳、江苏连云港、四川武胜种群除对个别杀虫剂(如杀虫单)为低水平抗性外,对其他大多数杀虫剂为敏感-敏感性降低.还讨论了按抗性分布的区域性来制定相应的抗性治理方案.

【Objective】 This study monitored the resistance to nine insecticides in different populations of the striped stem borer,Chilo suppressalis(Walker),collected from Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces in 2007,sensitivity of Donghai population to 20 insecticides was evaluated as well.The results have provided useful information for the resistance management strategies of the striped stem borer.【Method】 Topical application method was used in the experiment.【Result】 The results showed that Rui'an,Cangnan and Gaochun populations developed extremely high levels of resistance to monosultap(164.8 to 248.1 fold),and Lianyungang and Donghai populations had moderate levels of resistance(18.1 and 25.1 fold respectively).The resistance to triazophos varied greatly in five populations,from having extremely high levels of resistance in Rui'an,Cangnan and Gaochun populations(204.8 to 1395.2 fold),to being susceptible in Lianyungang and Donghai populations(1.8 and 3.1 fold respectively).Moderate resistance levels to fipronil were monitored in Rui'an and Cangnan populations(12.3 and 26.8 fold respectively),while other three populations tested were susceptible to fipronil(1.3 to 2.9 fold).A low level of resistance to abamectin was detected in Cangnan population(7.6 fold),and other four populations tested remained susceptible to abamectin(0.9 to 2.0 fold).Rui'an and Cangnan populations had moderate or high levels of resistance to cyhalothrin,fenvalerate,beta-cypermethrin,beta-cyfluthrin and deltamethrin(22.1-115.6 fold),while Lianyungang,Donghai and Gaochun populations had low or moderate levels of resisitance tocyhalothrin,fenvalerate,beta-cypermethrin,beta-cyfluthrin and deltamethrin(31.2-5.3 fold).The sensitivity to 20 insecticides was evaluated in Donghai population of Jiangsu province.The toxicity sequence of 20 insecticides to the population was as follows:abamectin,emamectin benzoateivermectin,beta-cyfluthrinbutene-fipronil,fipronil,fenvalerate,cyhalothrin,deltamethrin,beta-cypermethrin,tebufenozide≥phoxim,quinaphos,furan-tebufenozide,triazophos,pyridaphenthionmalathion,chlorpyrifos,silafluofenmonosultap.【Conclusion】 The resistances to insecticides varied significantly with populations of the striped stem borer,so the resistance management strategies should be proposed according to the local situation.

夏枯草Prunella vulagaris 为唇形科夏枯草属植物,以干燥果穗入药.《中国药典》历版均有收载,有清火,明目,散结,消肿等功效[1].主产于江苏,浙江,安徽,河南等地,喜温和湿润气候,能耐严寒[2].