[目的]基于酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测原理,建立高灵敏度的直接竞争法检测木薯粉及其制品中的黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1),为木薯食品安全提供技术支持.[方法]通过对AFB1抗原结构改造、免疫和细胞融合等过程获得抗原抗体,建立高灵敏度检测方法,并进行木薯粉及其制品样本的实例验证.[结果]制备的AFB1抗原和抗体,其抗体亚型均为IgG1,灵敏度最高的3F2细胞株产生的抗体对黄曲霉毒素G1、G2和B2交叉反应率分别为21.4％、1.9％和8.8％,且对其他毒素类无交叉反应,建立的ELISA线性区间为0.02～0.48μg/kg,半数抑制浓度(IC50)为0.047μg/kg,标准方程为y=-3.074x-4.3066(R2=0.9978).以35％甲醇水溶液作为标准品稀释液,木薯食品原料用70％甲醇水溶液加0.2 g NaCl作为提取液,含油脂的木薯糕点用70％甲醇水溶液作为提取液,所有样本均为10倍稀释,检测限0.2～4.8μg/kg,样品添加回收率81.5％～120.0％,变异系数均小于8.5％.应用验证试验表明,自建ELISA试剂盒对96份样本检出19份阳性样本,购买试剂盒检出7份阳性,大于2.0μg/kg的样本检测结果完全符合,自建ELISA试剂盒方法灵敏度优于购买的ELISA试剂盒.[结论]本研究建立的直接竞争ELISA方法灵敏度高,操作简单,可广泛应用于木薯粉及其制品样本中AFB1的快速测定.

农业科技成果转化对提高农业生产力和推动"三农"发展具有重要的作用.文章分析了我国农业科技成果转化的特点,指出农业科技成果转化存在的主要问题,提出完善农业科技成果转化体系建设的建议,为研究完善我国农业科技成果转化体系提供参考思路.

纪念性公园作为纪念性景观的重要组成部分,具有怀念功能,兼有公园的参与和游憩功能.以纪念为主题的纪念性公园的快速建立,以独特的表现形式,凸显鲜明的纪念主题,在景观元素上更是别具一格,极大地满足了人们在精神层面上的追求.目前,我国针对纪念性公园的研究多停留在围绕纪念性建筑及纪念性景观上,而在纪念性公园景观元素表达方面的总结和研究尚不多见.本文主要阐述纪念性公园的景观元素的自然因素、人为因素和其他因素,总结各类景观元素在纪念性公园中的表达要点及其设计方法.

农业科研院所在农业产业精准扶贫中作用重大.本文以中国热带农业科学院为例,阐明农业科研院所在农业产业扶贫中肩负的责任及采用的精准扶贫模式,同时指出,政府部门应充分发挥农业科研院所在农业产业精准扶贫中的作用.

2018年海南自贸区的设立将为海南农产品贸易的发展带来前所未有的发展机遇.文章从海南农产品贸易现状出发,阐述海南农产品贸易近况及存在的问题,结合自贸区设立对海南农产品贸易环境带来的变化,详细分析了海南自贸区建设对海南经济发展造成的有利影响和不利影响.提出在海南应通过继续发挥热带特色农产品比较优势、扶持龙头企业、培养涉外农业技术人才、加强农业国际合作与交流等建议措施,来提升海南农产品贸易的竞争力.

海南共享农庄的发展仍然处于探索起步期,而农庄如何与农民形成"捆绑"机制,这一环节至关重要.共享农庄提出的初衷就是要与农民利益相关,共享农庄的建设是最能充分体现农民利益的有效途径.

[Objective] Effects of pollination by Apis mellifera and by hand on strawberries fruit development and quality under greenhouse conditions were studied to regulate honeybee pollination management and improve quality of strawberry in greenhouse.[Method] The experiment areas of pollination by the two different pollination ways,Apis mellifera pollination and artificial pollination were set,fruit vertical and horizontal diameter growth dynamic condition,and fruit drop rate of strawberry were observed.Content of soluble solid,vitamin C,sugar,acid were measured.The results showed that the diameter growth rate of strawberry fruit pollinated by A.mellifera was significantly higher (P ＜ 0.05) than that of strawberry fruit pollinated by hand.[Result] There was a total of three fruit drop periods after strawberries began to fruit.Fruit drop rate between these two different pollination ways was not significantly different in the first period and the third period.But it ways was significantly different (P ＜ 0.05) in the second period.This rate was significantly lower by pollinated by honeybees than that by hand.Strawberry fruit quality pollinated by A.mellifera was significantly better than that of strawberry fruit pollinated by hand.This was the same with the sugar content,sugar/acid,Vc content,soluble solid content,malformed fruit rate except for acid content.[Conclusion] Pollination by A.mellifera can increase production and improve quality of strawberry in greenhouse,which is a safe and effective technique of greenhouse and can be applied in the greenhouse strawberry planting.

为了解福建热作产业目前存在的关键问题及发展中值得借鉴的经验,调研组对当地有特色和具代表性的热作产业与政府管理、生产一线、加工企业人员深入交流,重点探讨主要热作种植、加工、营销等环节中存在的新品种培育、资金投入、科技创新等问题,总结福建热作产业发展中的优势与不足,并提出发展建议.

本文从蜜蜂—草莓复合农田的病虫害方面分析生态效益,以危害较为普遍的灰霉病为分析对象,调查了在整个生育期的发生动态。结果表明,在发病高峰期前,蜜蜂—草莓复合农田的灰霉病发病率一直低于对照田,而且发病高峰以后发病率下降速度较对照田缓慢。蜜蜂—草莓复合农田比对照田节肢动物群落结构相对复杂,多样性较高,优势度较低,稳定性较优。根据实验实际投入、产出核算出经济效益,蜜蜂—草莓复合农田的经济效益明显高于对照田。

概述中国木薯常见病虫害的为害、发生特点,以及病虫害防治过程中出现的问题,并就此提出了绿色综合防控的建议,为进一步进行无公害防治提供理论了依据.

Objectives] To elucidate the genetic characteristics ofApis florea, a wild species ofApis, and evaluate its genetic diversity in China. [Methods] We used 14 microsatellite DNA markers to compare the genetic similarity of 13 colonies ofApis florea sampled from Yunnan province. A total of 53 alleles were detected. [Results] The mean number of alleles, mean number of effective alleles, mean expected heterozygosity, mean observed heterozygosity and mean polymorphism information content of 14 loci were 3.7857, 2.9420, 0.5708, 0.2184 and 0.5300, respectively. Phylogenetic and genetic divergence analysis ranked the HH population as the most genetically distinct, followed by the MD and PE populations. Based on Nei’s genetic distance, allA. florea from Xishuangbanna were one lineage. [Conclusion] The results indicate a high degree of correlation between the genetic and geographic distance between A. florea populations.

After the specimen of wild Apis species,which were collected during May to September 2010,were nominated,an identification key of Apis in China is compiled according to the morphological characteristics. The main morphological characteristics are described and geographical distribution of wild honeybees in China and even the world are introduced in a brief manner. This paper intends to promote the research on wild honeybees and to attract more attention to the protection of wild honeybees through sampling and basic research.

随着国际旅游岛建设的推进,海南旅游业迅猛发展,随之而来的是必须高度重视的旅游安全形势.旅游事故发生的原因很多,除了人为和自然环境原因外,还有一个因素与景区基础建设密切相关,这就是旅游安全标识的构建和设置. 一.景区安全标识设置存在的主要问题 旅游安全标识能正确引导、帮助游客了解景区的地理、自然环境,保证旅程的顺利完成,是旅游安全保障的重要组成部分.

Through in-depth analysis, this paper proposed development planning of leisure agriculture in Hainan. The layout included orderly development and overal planning, connection of three expressways and middle area for recreation and the rest for sightseeing; the site selection should develop depending on central cities, relying on major projects and famous mountains or landscapes; the connotation in-volved exploitation of farming culture, presenting national customs of indigenous people, highlights given to island and coasts and emphasizing tropic agriculture. What's more, the suggestions were proposed to advance leisure agriculture of Hainan, including to formulate scientific planning to lead leisure agriculture develop-ment, to give policy supports and enterprise management, to improve promotion and broadening market and to enhance education and improve industry quality. On basis of lots of data and examples, the research enriched the content of leisure agricul-ture in Hainan, which is conductive to development of Hainan leisure agriculture, and of significance for construction of leisure agriculture sites and supports of the agriculture by government.

广东热带作物种类繁多，其相关产业也多样化和多元化。热作产业在广东经济和社会发展中有着举足轻重的地位和作用。经调研表明，广东热作产业多以“龙头企业＋农户＋基地”为经营模式，注重科技与生产结合，质量、品牌与市场结合，产业化发展势头迅猛。然而，广东热作产业发展仍存在许多问题。调研组针对广东热作产业发展存在的问题及其今后的发展重点，提出了建议和意见，旨在促进广东热作产业快速、稳健发展。

简要分析粤西地区甘蔗和香蕉产业发展现状和存在问题,针对存在问题及其今后的发展重点,提出粤西地区甘蔗、香蕉产业发展重点及对策,以促进粤西地区甘蔗和香蕉产业稳健发展.

文章介绍了黑龙江农垦“十一五”期间农业综合开发工作情况,分析了黑龙江农垦农业综合开发工作存在的主要问题,提出了加强黑龙江农垦农业综合开发工作的措施.文章认为,加强黑龙江农垦农业综合开发工作,一是巩固和加强国家商品粮基地建设;二是坚持以中低产田改造为重点,强化农业发展基础支撑;三是加大农业综合开发项目资金投入力度,降低自筹配套资金比例;四是增加农业综合开发事业费,加强农业综合开发项目管理;五是加强机构队伍建设,切实改进工作作风;六是拓宽项目渠道.

随着国际旅游岛建设的推进,海南旅游业迅猛发展,随之而来的是必须高度重视的旅游安全形势。旅游事故发生的原因很多,除了人为和自然环境原因外,还有一个因素与景区基础建设密切相关,这就是旅游安全标识的构建和设置。一.景区安全标识设置存在的主要问题旅游安全标识能正确引导、帮助游客了解景区的地理、自然环境,保证旅程的顺利完成,是旅游安全保障的重要组成部分。安全标识系统一般根据景区环境功能要求而设定,它以文字、图形、符号等视觉传达的形式向游客传递自我保护、防范信息,

This paper analyzes the far-reaching significance of promoting the standardized production,expounds the basic connotation and requirement of implementing of the standardized production of tropical crops, puts forward relevant suggestions to promote the standardized production of tropical crops:perfects the standard to provide basis and guidance for the implementation of standardized production;innovates mechanism to enhance the organized level of standardized production; strengthens guidance and services to promote the standardized production level; attaches great importance to the training to construct standardized production team; combines standardized production and the brand management of the products of tropical crops; establish standardized information network of agriculture; deepen the construction of demonstration garden of standardized production.

The tropical and subtropical crops are very important component of agricultural production in China,that has important significance for the need of domestic life and supply safety of the national important strategic resources.This paper provides a reference for the industrial development of tropical crops through the analysis of the major tropical and subtropical crops and production and trade of the two largest imported tropical crops in 2012.In 2011,the top three provinces of Chinese tropical crop areas are Guangxi,Guangdong and Yunnan.The top three provinces of gross output value of tropical crops are Guangdong,Guangxi and Yunnan.The import and export of tropical crops account for a high proportion of total import and export of agricultural products.In particular,a high proportion will lead to the supply safety problem especially the strategic materials.In 2012,the output increased while price reduced in domestic natural rubber market,and The Chinese government was going to promote the research and development of oil palm production technology and make great efforts to improve the potential for oil production.