Albendazole (ABZ) is one of the benzimidazole anthelmintics, and the overuse of ABZ in breeding industry can lead to drug resistance and a variety of toxic effects in humans. Since the residue markers of ABZ are the sum of ABZ and three metabolites (collectively referred to as ABZs), albendazole-sulfone (ABZSO2), albendazole-sulfoxide (ABZSO), and albendazole-2-amino-sulfone (ABZNH2SO2), an antibody able to simultaneously recognize ABZs with high affinity is in urgent need to develop immunoassay for screening purpose. In this work, an unreported hapten, 5-(propylthio)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine, was designed and synthesized, which maximally exposed the characteristic sulfanyl group of ABZ to the animal immune system to induce expected antibody. One monoclonal antibody (Mab) that can simultaneously detect ABZs was obtained with IC50 values of 0.20, 0.26, 0.77, and 10.5 μg/L for ABZ, ABZSO2, ABZSO, and ABZNH2SO2 in ic-ELISA under optimized conditions respectively, which has been never achieved in previous reports. For insight into the recognition profiles of the Mab, we used computational chemistry method to parameterize cross-reactive molecules in aspects of conformation, electrostatic fields, and hydrophobicity, revealing that the hydrophobicity and conformation of characteristic group of molecules might be the key factors that together influence antibody recognition with analytes. Furthermore, the practicability of the developed ic-ELISA was verified by detecting ABZs in spiked milk, beef, and liver samples with recoveries of 60% to 108.8% and coefficient of variation (CV) of 1.0% to 15.9%.

乡村振兴战略和乡村旅游的兴起为民俗行业带来了发展新机遇.北京市的城市功能定位虽然给周边郊区以辐射带动作用,但也在一定程度上限制了京郊农村的多元化发展.房山区青龙湖镇水峪村在乡村旅游如火如荼的情况下,依托其自身拥有的优势资源大力发展民宿产业、助推乡村振兴,然而水峪村民宿起步晚、数量少的现状致使其在现阶段的经营过程中遇到相应的阻碍.文章在研究民宿发展现状的基础上,进一步探讨突破当前障碍的优化策略,以期促进京郊民宿的持续健康发展.

近年来,伴随着诸多扶贫脱底政策的深入实施,大量高质量的实物和资本资源涌入风景秀丽的农村,给乡村带来动力的同时也形成了"诅咒".文章以北京市密云区太师屯镇后八家庄村为对象,对其拥有的大量的财政资源和美丽的自然风光进行了深入调查,并分析两者之间存在的密切关系,同时借助村庄发展的实际经历来印证后八家庄村遭受到的"双重诅咒".

近两年,乡村民宿行业在乡村振兴宏观政策大背景下获得了长足发展,北京市特定的城市功能定位使得发展民宿和乡村旅游成为京郊农村致富脱低的不二之选.基于此,文章在寻找和筛选大量的京郊村落的基础上,最终选取北京市密云区大城子镇张泉村作为研究地点,通过田野调研、实地走访、和问卷发放等形式搜集数据信息,并通过SWOT分析和问卷定量分析的方式进一步了解其民宿发展现状,以期提出有针对性的解决方案,从而促进京郊民宿的持续健康发展.

文章通过朋友圈随机问卷和个别访谈的方式进行调研,调查表明大多数的受访者能够自觉、自律地使用微信朋友圈,调研显示有部分大学生朋友圈转发与评论的动机极易被外界因素影响,做出不理智、不正确的举动.正确合理的引导是大学生形成网络价值观的重要手段.通过线上线下和提高学生自身素质等方法,积极传播与构建符合当代大学生价值体系的内容,使其在接受多样信息的同时,建立识别网络推送正误的能力,形成正确的网络价值观.

微信具有自由、开放、交互传播速度快、用户集中关注度高等特点,但由于网络内容不能及时审查和筛选,使得微信网络文化良莠不齐."暴走漫画"不良事件在网络和现实中产生了很坏的影响,利用问卷和访谈方式随机对大学生的网络言行进行调研分析,旨在帮助大学生树立正确的网络价值观,吸收积极向上的网络文化,承担起网络环境监督与维护的责任,做文明网民提供参考.

Agricultural festival performance refers to the development level of agricultural festival and its comprehensive effect on local economy and society. The domestic existing research have not built and formed the performance evaluation system suitable for agricultural festival, therefore, the balanced scorecard, a common tool of performance evaluation in strategic management was introduced. Based on the feasibility and advantages of agricultural festival performance evaluation with the tool, a performance evaluation system for agricultural festival based on balanced scorecard was constructed, and some ad-vices for the application and future improvement of the evaluation system were put forward.

在这个技术经济都在腾飞的时代,各行各业都无时无刻在发生着新的变革,我国的教育事业也正在不断的蓬勃发展,顺应着大力发展教育的洪流,高校也应当促进创新人才的培养,通过二级学院的校园文化建设,营造鼓励学生拓宽思维、积极创新的意识氛围,是培养当代大学生敢于创新、敢于探索能力的重要方式方法.因此,增强高校学院文化建设、促进人才培养成为了学院工作的重中之重,本文就精神文化层面、物质文化等层面切入,对二级管理体系下促进学院文化建设进行简要分析.

Previous studies have shown that subcellular Ca2+ redistribution is involved in Cd-induced autophagy inhibition in primary rat proximal tubular (rPT) cells, but the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the status of autophagic flux was monitored by the GFP and RFP tandemly tagged LC3 method. Pharmacological inhibition of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) with 2-APB or BAPTA-AM significantly alleviated Cd-elevated yellow puncta formation and restored Cd-inhibited red puncta formation, while thapsigargin (TG) had the opposite regulatory effect, demonstrating that Cd-induced [Ca2+]c elevation inhibited the autophagic flux in rPT cells. Resultantly, Cd-induced autophagosomes accumulation was obviously modulated by 2-APB, BAPTA-AM and TG, respectively. Meanwhile, blockage of autophagosome-lysosome fusion and decreased recruitment of Rab7 to autophagosomes by Cd exposure was noticeably restored by 2-APB or BAPTA-AM, but co-treatment with Cd and TG further impaired Cd-induced autophagy arrest. Moreover, Cd-induced oxidative stress intimately correlated with cytosolic Ca2+ mobilization, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) markedly rescued Cd-blocked autophagosome-lysosome fusion and recruitment of Rab7 to autophagosomes in rPT cells, implying that Cd-induced autophagy inhibition was due to [Ca2+]c elevation-triggered oxidative stress. In summary, these results suggest that Cd-mediated autophagy inhibition in rPT cells is dependent on cytosolic Ca2+ overload. Elevation of [Ca2+]c inhibited the autophagosome-lysosome fusion to block the degradation of autophagosomes, which aggravated Cd-induced cytotoxicity in rPT cells.

The aim of this study was to characterize the quinolone resistance of Salmonella enterica serovar Indiana isolated from chickens in China. A total of 293 Salmonella strains were isolated from chicken farms and slaughterhouses in Shandong province of China, and 130 (44.4%) were characterized as Salmonella enterica Indiana (chicken farms, n = 52 strains; slaughter houses, n = 78 strains). All isolate serotypes were tested with the Kauffmann-White classification system and examined for susceptibility to the quinolones: nalidixic acid, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. The resistance of the Salmonella Indiana strains to nalidixic acid, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin were 100, 73.1, 71.2, and 82.7%, and 100, 59.0, 79.5, and 80.2%, respectively. Selected quinolone resistant strains were evaluated for mutations in genes (gyrA, gyrB, parC, and marA) by DNA sequencing. The gyrA mutation was found in all isolates, the parC mutation was only found in some isolates, and the gyrB and marA mutations were not observed. Quinolone resistance was evaluated in the representative isolates by screening for the quinolone resistance determinants, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, qepA, and aac (6')-Ib-cr using PCR technology. The quinolone resistance determinants in Salmonella, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, and qepA were negative by PCR, but aac(6')-Ib-cr had high detection rates of 90.4 and 96.2% in chicken farms and slaughterhouses, respectively. Salmonella Indiana containing the gyrA mutation was prevalent in farms and slaughterhouses and possessed a high frequency of the quinolone resistance determinant aac(6')-Ib-cr. These bacteria may have originated from the same source.

动物解剖学是研究正常动物有机体的形态、结构及发生发展规律的科学.它是高等农业院校动物医学、动物科学等专业共同开设的一门重要的专业基础课,该课程名词概念繁多,内容复杂,具有很强的直观性和实践性,这对教和学提出了较高的要求.而高职兽医专业的教育有别于本科普通高等兽医教育的相对独立的层次和体系,它侧重于培养“技工型”、“操作型”人才,因此对这门课程的教学增加了难度,对实践教学环节提出了更高的要求.但在都市农业背景对畜牧兽医人才培养规格的变化以及实验动物等的价格的升高和动物福利观念的普及的条件下,给解剖学的实践教学增加了复杂性.为此北京农学院开展了教学改革,对于提高动物解剖学的教学效果取得了一定的成效.

Previous studies have shown that cytosolic Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]c) overload was involved in Pb-induced apoptosis in primary cultures of rat proximal tubular (rPT) cells, but the source of elevated Ca(2+) and the effect of potential subcellular Ca(2+) redistribution on apoptosis are still unknown. In this study, variations of [Ca(2+)]c in two culture media (Ca(2+)-containing and Ca(2+)- free) were analyzed, indicating that Pb-induced elevation of [Ca(2+)]c was primarily generated intracellularly. Fluo-4-AM, dihydro-Rhod-2-AM and Mag-Fluo-4-AM was loaded to Pb-exposed rPT cells to monitor the imaging of Ca(2+) concentrations in the cytoplasm ([Ca(2+)]c), mitochondria ([Ca(2+)]mit) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) ([Ca(2+)]ER), respectively, under the confocal microscope. Data indicate that elevations of [Ca(2+)]c and [Ca(2+)]mit with depletion of [Ca(2+)]ER were revealed in Pb-treated rPT cells, but this subcellular Ca(2+) redistribution could be significantly suppressed by 2-APB, a specific inhibitor of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) that functions to release Ca(2+) from ER stores. Simultaneously, Pb-mediated mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload can be partially suppressed by the cytosolic Ca(2+) chelator BAPTA-AM, suggesting that Ca(2+) uptake into mitochondria occurs via diverse pathways and ER Ca(2+) storage was the chief source. Furthermore, Pb-induced apoptosis was markedly inhibited by 2-APB and BAPTA-AM, respectively. Additionally, elevated IP3 levels with up-regulated IP3R-1 and IP3R-2 (mRNA and protein) levels were revealed in Pb-exposed rPT cells. In summary, IP3R-mediated ER Ca(2+) release promoted the elevations of [Ca(2+)]c and [Ca(2+)]mit in Pb-exposed rPT cells, which played a chief role in apoptosis induced by impaired calcium homeostasis.

A total of 310 Salmonella isolates were isolated from 6 broiler farms in Eastern China, serotyped according to the Kauffmann-White classification. All isolates were examined for susceptibility to 17 commonly used antimicrobial agents, representative isolates were examined for resistance genes and class I integrons using PCR technology. Clonality was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). There were two serotypes detected in the 310 Salmonella strains, which included 133 Salmonella enterica serovar Indiana isolates and 177 Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis isolates. Antimicrobial sensitivity results showed that the isolates were generally resistant to sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, tetracycline, doxycycline and trimethoprim, and 95% of the isolates sensitive to amikacin and polymyxin. Among all Salmonella enterica serovar Indiana isolates, 108 (81.2%) possessed the blaTEM, floR, tetA, strA and aac (6')-Ib-cr resistance genes. The detected carriage rate of class 1 integrons was 66.5% (206/310), with 6 strains carrying gene integron cassette dfr17-aadA5. The increasing frequency of multidrug resistance rate in Salmonella was associated with increasing prevalence of int1 genes (rs = 0.938, P = 0.00039). The int1, blaTEM, floR, tetA, strA and aac (6')-Ib-cr positive Salmonella enterica serovar Indiana isolates showed five major patterns as determined by PFGE. Most isolates exhibited the common PFGE patterns found from the chicken farms, suggesting that many multidrug-resistant isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Indiana prevailed in these sources. Some isolates with similar antimicrobial resistance patterns represented a variety of Salmonella enterica serovar Indiana genotypes, and were derived from a different clone.

Ampicillin (AMP) was coupled with mcKLH by the method of EDC intermediate and injected into Balb/c mice as immunogen. The hybridomas were obtained by fusing mouse myeloma cells SP2/0 with splenocytes from the mice immunized with AMP-KLH. The chromosomal numbers were 97-104, the results indicated that the subclass of the McAb was IgG2a, the titer of ascitic fluid was 2×106, the affinity constant was 3×10-10 mol/L, the molecular weight was 154KD. The cross-reactivities of McAb to other antibiotics were below 0.01%. The linear detecting range of calibration curves to detect AMP was 0.5 ng/mL-100 ng/mL. The formular was Y = 0.0569X+0.1308, R2 = 0.9948. The limit of detection was 0.3 ng/mL.

针对连翘酯苷稳定性较差,限制了药物制剂制备及临床应用的问题,采用环糊精包合技术研制连翘酯苷注射剂,利用研磨法制备连翘酯苷-羟丙基-β-环糊精包合物.表征分析表明包合物光谱和熔点发生变化,对光稳定性和热加速实验稳定性明显增加.高效液相色谱分析鸡静脉注射给药血药浓度,表明连翘酯苷包合物与连翘酯苷药物动力学差异较小,血液中包合态药物能较快发生脱包合作用.

To determine the plasma protein binding rates of forsythiaside A with sera in chicks infected with IBV and in normal chicks,the ultrafiltration method and HPLC were employed.At the concentration of 5,25,100 μg/mL of forsythiaside A,the plasma protein binding rates of forsythiaside A with sera in chicks infected with IBV were 44.15%±0.33%,54.13%±3.06%,51.59%±2.99% and with normal chick sera were 55.93%±0.90%,61.64%±1.21%,55.58%±2.45%,respectively.Forsythiaside A had a moderate binding capacity to plasma protein,and the binding rates were not dependent on plasma concentration.The binding rates were decreased proportionaly in chicks infected with IBV compared with that in normal chicks.

As antibody's substitute,aptamer has wide perspective on veterinary drugs detection,clinic diagnose,targeted therapy.Aptamer-based biosensers had been prepared with aptamers binding to biosensors.The concept of aptamer,its advantages,and principle,detectability,application of the different aptamer-based biosensors,which are fluorescence biosensors,electrochemical biosensors,colorimetric sensors,SERS biosensors and SPR biosensors were summarized.The perspective of aptamer-based biosensors were reviewed on detection of veterinary drug residue,and diagnosis of animal diseases.

The cognitive conditions of Beijing residents on green food and consumer behavior were investigated.The results showed that most respondents understand green food,but the degree of awareness and consumption are different.

Forty five 6-week-old Kunming mice were divided randomly into three groups,one time inoculated group（group A） and consecutive inoculated group（group B） and control group（group C）（each group,n=15）.The group A were inoculated with PRRSV and PCV-2 in the first day,group B were inoculated with PRRSV and PCV-2 in the 1 st,3th,5th d,group C were inoculated with MEM cell culture medium in the first day.Three mice of three groups were executed after the 7th,14th,21th,28th,35th d.Body weight measurement,antibody detection,fluorescent quantification PCR detection,naked eye and micro-pathology observation were used to detect the treated animals.The results showed that compared with group C,the group A and B displayed slow weight gain in mice,typical lung lesions of interstitial pneumonia,inguinal lymph nodes swelling,lymphocyte necrosis,spleen lymphocytes depletion,scattered subcapsular hemorrhage,the liver venous stasis,antibody positive.Fluorescent quantification PCR testing confirmed the existence of viral replication,except the group C.The relative amount of virus in lymph nodes was more than that of other tissues（P0.01）.So the diseased model could be established successfully in Kunming mice coinfected with PRRSV and PCV-2.

磺胺类药物(sulfonamides, SAs)其抗菌谱广,能抑制大多数革兰氏阳性菌和阴性菌[1],但其半衰期较长,通过任何途径摄入均会在人体中蓄积,对人体造成潜在危害.我国、美国以及欧盟等规定动物性食品中总磺胺以及单种磺胺药的MRL为0.1 mg/kg[2].