云南个旧地区位于华南板块西南部,扬子地台与华南加里东地槽过渡带的海西印支期右江陆缘裂谷盆地西南部的一个断陷盆地内.云南个旧他白地区拉丁尼克晚期—诺利克期变质玄武岩地质、地球化学特征表明,该岩石受比较强烈的区域构造影响,岩石变质作用较强.岩石以低Si,富集不相容元素(Ti、P、K等),贫MgO、CaO为特征,主要为高钛碱性玄武岩.微量元素表现为异常低的Rb、Ba含量,Sr严重亏损,以及Ta、Ti、Zr、Hf、Th含量较高的特点,与峨眉山高钛玄武岩微弱的地壳混染特点相似.稀土元素表现为轻稀土元素富集的右倾型,具弱的正Eu异常.Sr-Nd同位素特征表明,个旧他白地区变质玄武岩主要来自原始地幔,并落于洋岛玄武岩区域,与峨眉山高钛玄武岩同源.因此,推测三叠纪扬子地块的伸展作用以及思茅地块对扬子地块的俯冲作用,诱导峨眉山地幔柱头部重新进行了 一次低程度的部分熔融,由于地幔柱活动的影响持续时间较长,部分地区地幔柱活动能量较低,玄武质岩浆未喷出地表,形成岩浆房.个旧他白地区变质玄武岩是在地幔柱岩浆活动中心部位相对较弱的阶段,特别是在地幔柱活动中心的边缘地带、岩石圈较厚、熔融程度相对较低的条件下形成的,晚三叠纪岩浆房再次喷发形成玄武岩.

大规模勘探结果表明,胶东主要金矿田深部存在第二富集带,显示深部找矿潜力巨大."深部第二富集带"受什么因素控制,深部预测的目标是什么,成矿边界在哪里,这些关键问题值得深入研究.结合"岩浆核杂岩隆起-拆离凹陷"构造系统和"米字型"构造控矿模式,提出将"构造变形岩相带"作为深部找矿预测目标和成矿边界,建立新的深部找矿预测标志.以玲珑矿田为例,综合对比各矿段3个主要方向(NEE、NE、NNE)构造变形岩相带的空间分布、物质成分、结构构造、形成时间、成岩成矿深度等特征,总结矿化富集规律及其向深部的变化趋势,探讨不同方向构造变形岩相带的时空演化关系.从"深部第二富集带"发育程度看,这些已知构造变形岩相带的深部都有找矿潜力,其外围可能存在平行的、更大深度的构造变形岩相带.

The giant phenocryst adamellite is an important magmatism record of the Mongol Ocean plate in the late period of the Early Paleozoic Era. Their formation age and geochemical characteristics are significant to reveal the tectonic framework and evolution history of the Mongol Ocean plate at that period. The paper presents the zircon U-Pb age of the giant phenocryst adamellite in Southeast Mongolia by LA-ICP MS method. The U-Pb age of zircon of adamellite given is (454.3±3.8) Ma, belonging to the Late Ordovician. The geochemical data of granite show its high-K calc-alkaline nature. The granite is also characterized with high silicon, with SiO2 being 69.82%-75.16%, Al2O3 12.91%-14.49%, and Na2O/K2O 0.60%-0.77%, peraluminous, with aluminum saturation index being in the range of 1.11-1.22, and Mg# index of 39-44. The total content of REE is 43.47×10-6-158.11×10-6, δEu=0.26-0.49. The REE distribution pattern of adamellite is demonstrated by a significant negative Eu anomaly and a "swallow-type" shape. The spider diagrams of trace elements standardized by primitive mantle show apparent enrichment of Rb, Th, U, K, Zr, Hf, strong depletion of Ba, Sr, P, Ti and medium to slight depletion of Nb and Ta. The initial 143Nd/144Nd values are high (0.512449-0.512507), and the average value is 0.512477. The εNd(t) values are all positive (0.2-1.3). The characters of major elements, trace elements, and isotopes show that the giant phenocryst adamellite in the Southeast Mongolia was formed at an extensional geotectonic environment during the transitional period from syn-collision to post-orogenic tectonic systems. The extensional tectonics and the underplating of mantle-derived basic magmas are suggested to be the main dynamic mechanism to form the granite. Since the adamellite is the important magma record of the Mongol Ocean plate subduction in the early Paleozonic, the present research is helpful to reveal the tectonic evolution and the characters in the Palaeo-Mongolia Ocean plate area.

The mineral exploration in complex surface conditions has always been a difficult problem in China so as in foreign exploration blocks. The exploration area 13451X is a thick cover grassland located in Sukhbaatar Province of Mongolia. In this work, for the first time we used the XLT-592WZ hand-held X fluorescence spectrometer to collect data in the field, and determined a metallogenic target area. The early scanning exploration using X-ray fluorescence identified the W, As, Pb, Zn, Cu and Fe anomalies, and geochemical surveys delineate a tungsten polymetallic ore-prospecting area. Twenty-threetrenches and drilling projects suggest a tungsten ore body in the ore-prospecting area. This tungsten orebody mainly appears in veiny, blocks or brecciated form, and its surrounding rock is granite porphyry or quartz porphyry. The ores are dominated by wolframite with trace of scheelite, and silicification and fluorite can be found. It is thus inferred that this deposit is of the high-temperature hydrothermal type. We can conclude that the use of portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer for qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis in the field is effective, and that this method can be widely applied in similar areas.

Located between the northern margin of Erlian-Hegenshan suture zone and the pericontinental accretion zone of the southeastern margin of the Siberia plate,the Bayinsukhtu granitic body is an intrusive complex composed of monzonitic granites emplaced at Carboniferous and Triassic-Jurassic respectively.Geochemical analyses suggest that both of the two periods of monzonitic granites are characterized by high contents of silica,Al2O3 and alkali,low contents of calcium and magnesium.They are enriched in LILE and depleted in HFSE,with moderately enrichment of LREE,weak fractionation of LREE from HREE and negative Eu anomalies(δEu = 0.35-0.66).Based on the petrologic and geochemical features,the Carboniferous monzonitic granite is classified as mainly high-K,calc-alkaline,metaluminous to weakly peraluminous syn-orogenic I-type granite,while the latter is A-type granite.Isotope geochemistry of the Carboniferous granite shows that values of eNd(t) and(87Sr/86Sr)i range from 0.9 to 1.5,and from 0.700 62 to 0.704 82,respectively,which indicates that the granitic magma was likely derived from a young mantle source or an accretionary island arc with some degree of crustal contamination.However,the Triassic-Jurassic granite has lower eNd(t) but higher(87Sr/86Sr)i values relative to the Carboniferous granite,ranging from-0.3 to 0.3 and from 0.709 96 to 0.710 19,respectively.This indicates the granite derived from the same source with relatively high degree of crustal contamination.The dating of zircons from the monzonitic granites determined by LA-ICP-MS yielded a weighted age of(296±3.5) Ma,indicating that in the late Carboniferous the studied area was a syn-collision pericontinental tectonic environment.According to geochemical analysis of Late Triassic-Early Jurassic granite,it is presumed that the syn-collisional magmatism lasted till Triassic-Jurassic,probably suggestive of a long duration of collision.

A set of volcanic rocks was newly discovered in Paleozoic strata in the southern Mongolia. The Rb-Sr age of the volcanic rocks is (370±21) Ma, being comparatively consistent with their host stratum age proposed by former researchers. Based on petrologic and geochemical study, the volcanic rocks are contemporaneous and homologous basically. However, their lithology varies significantly, and they are composed mainly of andesites and minorly of basalts, rhyolite and dacites. Their mantle source has apparently modified by the subducting slab. The original magma for the volcanics came from the mantle modified by fluids originally contained in the subducted slab, and was contacted late by the overlying crust during its ascending. It is suggested that the inhomogenous nature and strong fractionation of the magmas are the main reasons for the diversity of varied volcanic rocks (andesite, basalt, rhyolite and dacite) in the set. It is suggested that these volcanic rocks were formed in an island arc environment during the closing of the ancient Asian Ocean. This implies that the formation of these volcanic rocks took place before the collision between the North China plate and the Siberia plate during Late Paleozoic.

Located between the northern margin of Erlian-Hegenshan suture zone and the pericontinental accretion zone of the southeastern margin of the Siberia plate,the Bayinsukhtu granitic body is an intrusive complex composed of monzonitic granites emplaced at Carboniferous and Triassic-Jurassic respectively.Geochemical analyses suggest that both of the two periods of monzonitic granites are characterized by high contents of silica,Al2O3 and alkali,low contents of calcium and magnesium.They are enriched in LILE and depleted in HFSE,with moderately enrichment of LREE,weak fractionation of LREE from HREE and negative Eu anomalies(δEu = 0.35-0.66).Based on the petrologic and geochemical features,the Carboniferous monzonitic granite is classified as mainly high-K,calc-alkaline,metaluminous to weakly peraluminous syn-orogenic I-type granite,while the latter is A-type granite.Isotope geochemistry of the Carboniferous granite shows that values of εNd(t) and(87Sr/86Sr)i range from 0.9 to 1.5,and from 0.700 62 to 0.704 82,respectively,which indicates that the granitic magma was likely derived from a young mantle source or an accretionary island arc with some degree of crustal contamination.However,the Triassic-Jurassic granite has lower εNd(t) but higher(87Sr/86Sr)i values relative to the Carboniferous granite,ranging from-0.3 to 0.3 and from 0.709 96 to 0.710 19,respectively.This indicates the granite derived from the same source with relatively high degree of crustal contamination.The dating of zircons from the monzonitic granites determined by LA-ICP-MS yielded a weighted age of(296±3.5) Ma,indicating that in the late Carboniferous the studied area was a syn-collision pericontinental tectonic environment.According to geochemical analysis of Late Triassic-Early Jurassic granite,it is presumed that the syn-collisional magmatism lasted till Triassic-Jurassic,probably suggestive of a long duration of collision.

<正>1地质概况小铜厂矿区,大地构造位置处于青藏滇板块及哀牢山变质地体拼合交接部位,哀牢山造山带西南侧,属于金平地块。区内构造以北西向断裂为主,伴随有其它方向次级断裂、节理、劈理构造。矿区地表主要出露下二叠统栖霞组、茅口组灰岩,中上二叠统玄武岩组,中上三叠统灰岩、砂

The obvious differences of petrophysical properties in the studied region have provided reliable geophysical basis for the high precision magnetic prospecting.The paper reports the results of high precision magnetic survey in the 13451 mining area by using the H_C-95 hand-held helium(~4He) optical pumping magnetometer.The result recognizes the hidden mafic-intermediate volcanic rocks when discerning the lithological boundary.By continuation processing the magnetic data,the authors point out the important structural boundary.The perfect combination of magnetic data and geological mapping has made geophysical method better serve the geological work at cover region. It also provides significant reference for delineating the beneficial ore-forming positions.

<正>1区域地质该区所处大地构造位置位于川、滇南北构造与南岭东西向复杂构造西缘的交接带的开远山字构造体系的最南端,各项应力最为集中,区域构造现象复杂,受深大断裂的控制,岩浆岩的喷发和侵位具多期性,从华西力期到喜山期都有,不同时期、不同深度、不同规模、不同性质的断层广泛发育,为矿质的活化、迁移、富集提供了充分的条件。Sn、Pb、Zn、Mo矿床(点)分布较密集。

<正>小铜厂矿区位于金平县勐拉乡,大地构造位置属于青藏滇板块及哀牢山变质地体拼合交接部位,为哀牢山变质带最南端,属于金平地块。1矿区地质概况小铜厂矿区构造以北西向断裂为主,伴随有其它方向次级断裂、节理、劈理构造。矿区地表主要出露下二叠统栖霞组、茅口组灰岩,中上二叠统玄武岩组,中上三叠统灰岩、砂岩、泥

As the interface among land, ocean and atmosphere, coastal zone has very high natural energy and biological productivity. Many people immigrate and live in coastal zone area. With the development of economy, land change and land covers in urban areas tend to change drastically over a short period of time due to rapid urbanization. The paper studied on urbanization of coastal zone area in China based on remote sensing technologies. Based on the designed research technique flow, 4 kinds of urbanization information will be rapidly extracted from remotely sensed imageries, i.e., built-up area, water area, greenness area and thermal island distribution area. Yancheng City is selected as a case for built-up area extraction experiment. Built up area in Yancheng City was extracted automatically by means of designed method from two Landsat images in 2000 and 2002 years. This experiment shows that it is feasible and effective to extract urbanization information from images via remote sensing technologies.

<正>钨矿是中国的优势矿种,已探明储量集中分布在华南地区。进入21世纪以来,在北方造山带(境内外)地区新发现了一批大中型钨矿床和远景区,既填补了找矿空白,也为深入认识该区域复杂的地壳演化历史提供了新的证据。1北方造山带钨矿的分布、类型、时代(1)新疆北部:特克斯县大恩别列白钨矿(西天山,中央地块,小型,矽卡岩型,泥盆纪黑云母斜

With the development of world economy,land change and land cover in urban areas tend to change drastically over very short time due to rapid urbanization.Urbanization pushes the development of regional economy,also enhances the integrated power of the country.While at the same time,urbanization also brings negative influences for ecological environment regionally or globally,such as cultivated land occupation,ecological degradation,water shortage,etc.How to acquire urbanization information quickly and share these data in time is a key problem.With the development on Earth observation technique,remote sensing has been one of the powerful methods for urbanization monitoring.Multi-spectrum remotely sensed images are widely used because they are economical and accessible easily,such as Landsat TM/ETM+ and so on.Based on multi-spectrum images,the paper studies various land use information extraction technique flow according to urban objects' spectrum features.Based on the designed research technique flow,4 kinds of urbanization information are extracted from remotely sensed images,i.e.,the built-up urban area,water area,green belts and thermal islands.Yancheng City is selected as a case for the urban built-up area extraction.The built up area in Yancheng City was extracted automatically by means of designed method from three Landsat images in 2000,2002 and 2006.Firstly,Yancheng City's spectrum features are analyzed.Secondly,some urbanization information is automatically calculated through models of NDBI,NDVI and NDWI.Thirdly,binary processing method is used in the experiment based on the experiential threshold values of NDBI,NDVI and NDWI.Finally,the built up area in the main urban zone can be calculated and analyzed.This experiment shows that it is feasible and effective to extract some urbanization information from multi-spectrum images through remote sensing technologies,such as water area,green belts,city built up area,etc.This will enhance urbanization information rapid extraction and acquirement in more cities.Through data sharing,this information will be applied in the process of social and economic development in China.

<正>13451矿区位于蒙古国苏赫巴托尔省额尔德尼察干县境内,面积约600km2,在大地构造上处于华北地台与西伯利亚地台之间的北方造山带内(在蒙古国区域构造上处于南戈壁褶皱系内),该带是一条重要多金属成矿带,在地质历史上发生过多期岩浆活动和火山活动,为成矿物质的迁移和富集提供了良好的地质条件。矿区地表出露岩石主要为侵入岩(似斑状钾长花岗岩、巨斑花岗岩、中细粒花岗岩、花岗斑岩等)、火山岩(玄武质安

Based on land use vector data of Weihai from remote sensing interpretation in three periods, using land use spatial shape fractal model, fractal dimensions and stability index of each main land use type in 1985,1995 and 2000 were acquired. Using the methods of overlay analysis, etc, dynamic degree of each main land use type in 1985-1995, 1995-2000 and 1985-2000 were calculated. Based on these data stated above, the rule of land use fractal characteristic change and dynamic degree change were studied. The result of the research showed: In 1985, 1995 and 2000, fractal dimensions of unused land, urban land and water area were all bigger, and fractal dimen- sions of rural residents, other construction land were all smaller. From 1985 to 2000, even value of fractal dimensions of each main type of land use decreased gradually, and, in all, morphology of land use types became simpler and more regular. The changing features of fractal dimensions and stability index of each main type of land use differed more significantly among different periods. In the three periods, the spatial shape of rural residents, other construction land and unused land were more stable, and the spatial shape of water area, urban land, grassland and farmland were more unstable. In 1985-1995, the annual increasing rate of urban land was the highest and the annual decreasing rate of forest land was the highest; in 1995-2000, the annual increasing rate of urban land was the highest and the annual decreasing rate of water area was the highest; in 1985- 2000, the annual increasing rate of urban land was the highest and the annual decreasing rate of unused land was the highest; thus, urban expansion was fast and the trend of urbanization was very obvious in Weihai. Rapid development of society and economy, government planning, urban- ization, and so on, were the main reasons for change of fractal dimensions, stability index and dy- namic degree of land use in Weihai.

Using remote sensing interpretation vector data in 1980s,1995 and 2000,and the method of overlay analysis,this study aimed to illustrate the location and range of main land use conversion types in three main cities(Qingdao,Yantai and Weihai) in Jiaodong region,figure out the conversion area,change rate and dynamic degree of main land use types in different periods and comprehensive index of land use degree in three main cities(1980s,1995 and 2000).The dynamic changes of land use in three main cities were analyzed comparatively.The results showed that urbanization was the most important driver of land use change in Qingdao,Yantai and Weihai.

The research on driving mechanism of land use change has been a hot spot in geography,and the research on relationship between land use change and influencing factors is a key for revealing driving mechanism of land use change.Jiaodong region in China witnessed rapid socical and economic development from the 1980s to 2000.Study on relationship between land use change and influencing factors in this region has important theoretic and practical significance.Vector data of land use of Jiaodong region in the 1980s and 2000 were overlaid each other,and the regions of land use change were obtained.The area of major land use conversion types and their proportion to total change area were calculated and the matrix of land use change samples was constructed.The data of land use change and the data of urban site,road,DEM,population density,GDP and coastal line were overlaid respectively,influencing factors of land use change spots were obtained,and the matrix of influencing factors of land use change was constructed.Based on these data,Canonical Correspondence Analysis(CCA) was used for revealing the relationship between land use change and influencing factors.The study result showed that urbanization,expansion of construction land and substantial decrease of farmland were the main characteristics of land use change in Jiaodong region from the 1980s to 2000.Population density,the distance between land use change site and urban site,elevation,and the distance between land use change site and main road were the main influencing factors for distribution of major land use conversion types,and the next were GDP and the distance between land use change site and costal line.The conversions of farmland to urban land and rural residential land to urban land were mainly in the areas near urban sites and main roads with high population density and high GDP.The conversions of farmland to rural residential land were mainly in the areas near urban sites and main roads with lower elevation.

We have presented an approach and architecture for ontology-based spatial data discovery and retrieval of geo-information. This method contributes to remedy existing problems of metadata limitation. And it is makes the metadata description for Geo-information more clear and more standard.

Land use information plays important role not only in social-economic development but also in scientific research area. With the development of the Information Technology, remotely sensed images provide main data sources for land use information and knowledge extraction in real time. While there are lots of land use classification systems in the world facing to different research or application purposes. And with the crossing of multi-disciplines and expanding of the research area, more and more land use classification systems are designed. This brings the difficulties for land use data sets' integration, exchange and sharing under different classification systems. The problem faced to land use classification systems are similar with the problem of metadata standards in geographic information data management field. While ISO Metadata Standard 19115 designed by ISO TC 211 provides a perfect solution for geographic data integration, exchange and sharing. Enlightened by the ISO 19115 metadata extensible model, the paper brings forward the land use extensible classification framework. The framework is composed of 3 tiers, i.e., land use core classes, corpora classes and application profile classes. The core and corpora classes are derived from the main international land use classification systems in the world. Semantic exchange mechanism between core classes and other main classification in the world is designed supported by information techniques. Extension principle and methods are designed in this framework. This ensures many application classification profiles can be extended from the core classes and corpora classes easily.