The newly discovered Longhua Ni-Co deposit in the Lower Cambrian Bianxi Formation in Jinxiu, Guangxi, has attracted widespread attention due to its extraordinary Ni-Co enrichment (Ni grade up to 16.17%, Co grade up to 1.45%). However, the type and genesis of the deposit remain controversial. Previous studies primarily focused on the ore body itself, suggesting that Longhua may be either a black shales-hosted deposit or a five-element (Ni-Co-As-Ag-Bi) vein deposit. The role of black shales in the formation of super-rich Ni-Co deposits have not been systematically studied. This study utilizes a variety of geochemical analysis techniques, including detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology, major and trace element analysis, total organic carbon-total sulfur (TOC-TS) testing, sulfide Electron Probe Microanalysis, and fluid inclusion laser Raman spectroscopy, to systematically investigate the geochemical characteristics of the black shales and its significance in mineralization. The results show that: (1) The detrital zircon U-Pb ages of the black shales are mainly concentrated in the Neoarchean to Neoproterozoic (2700 similar to 2000Ma and 1300 similar to 600Ma). Combined with major element characteristics (e.g., SiO2 and K2O) and trace element discrimination diagrams (e.g., Th/Co-La/Sc and Th/Sc-Zr/Sc), these results collectively indicate that the detrital materials were predominantly derived from felsic volcanic rocks and did not undergo sedimentary recycling. (2) The black shales are enriched in various sulfides, and display high TOC (average 6.33%) as well as elevated V and U contents, with strong positive correlations among them. Together with the U/Th-V/Cr plots, these features indicate that the black shales were deposited under an anoxic and sulfidic environment. (3) The average Ni (59.5x10(-6)) and Co (12.8x10(-6)) contents in the black shales are un-enriched. Moreover, no Ni-Co-rich sulfide minerals were identified. Although the Longhua deposit is classified as a black shales-hosted deposit in terms of the ore distribution, the black shales did not provide the metal sources for mineralization. (4) Fluid inclusions in ore-bearing quartz veins adjacent to the black shales are rich in methane and graphite, which were likely derived from the thermal decomposition of organic carbon. During this process, CH4 acted as an effective reducing agent and created a favorable redox environment for the rapid precipitation of Ni and Co from hydrothermal fluids in the sequence of arsenides-sulfarsenides-sulfides. These features are consistent with the genetic characteristics of a typical five-element vein deposit.

The Longhua deposit is a vein-type Ni-Co deposit in South China, known for its ultrahigh grades of Ni (6.48 %) and Co (0.44 %), which has attracted considerable attention. However, the classification of the deposit remains disputed, presenting challenges for comprehensive metallogenic studies. This study primarily investigates the mineral characteristics and fluid evolution of the deposit, which is characterized by the following features: (1) It hosts a Ni-Co-As-Ag-Bi assemblage within steeply dipping quartz-calcite veins; (2) It contains Ni-Co-Fe arsenides, sulfarsenides, sulfides and native Bi with special fern-like and spherical textures; (3) The ore minerals precipitate from the stage of arsenide (monoarsenide -> diarsenide -> triarsenide), to sulfarsenide, and ultimately to sulfide, aligning with the elemental sequence of Ni -> Co -> Fe in each stage and overall transition from As to S; (4) The ore-forming fluids are characterized by medium-to-low temperatures (230-90 degrees C) and are enriched in CH4. Together, these findings indicate that the deposit could be classified as a five-element (Ni-Co-As-Ag-Bi) hydro-thermal vein deposit. The reduction of the ore-forming fluid, attributed to the oxygen fugacity buffering effect of CH4-organic carbon derived from the thermal decomposition of the host black shales, probably plays a significant role in generating the mineral sequence. The final sulfide stage formed at a higher oxygen fugacity, likely due to the consumption of the black shales, which reduced the overall reducing capacity. The Longhua deposit is the first five-element hydrothermal vein deposit in China, and provides an excellent example for investigating the complete formation processes.

In the tire manufacturing industry, rubber materials are processed through extruders and calenders to form rubber sheets with specific widths and thicknesses. The dimensional accuracy of these sheets determines the quality of tread production. For the parameter detection of calendered rubber sheets, the existing methods have limited predictive accuracy, which can lead to significant detection errors and the flow of defective products into subsequent processes. Therefore, this paper proposes a predictive model that combines Stochastic Configuration Networks (SCN) with Subtraction-Average-Based Optimization (SABO). Initially, the data of the rubber sheet parameters undergo a correlation analysis to eliminate both highly correlated and lowly correlated features, achieving feature dimensionality reduction and outlier handling. The preprocessed data is then used as input samples, utilizing SABO to search for the optimal process parameters of SCN, thereby outputting the optimal predicted values for the rubber sheet parameters. Experimental results from the test set demonstrate that the SABO significantly enhances the predictive performance of SCN compared to other optimization algorithms, exhibiting strong generalization capabilities. The prediction error can be reduced by more than 40%. This study provides an effective method for predicting the quality of calendered rubber sheets in the rubber tire manufacturing process.

The Baolun is the largest gold deposit on Hainan Island, South China, with proven reserves of over 80 t Au at an average grade of 10.3 g/t. Two economic types of gold mineralization coexist in the long-lived fault system: 1) Au -bearing sulfide quartz veins (Va), dominated by pyrite, pyrrhotite, and arsenopyrite; and 2) Au-Bi assemblage quartz veins (Vb), dominated by bismuthinite, maldonite, and native bismuth. The Baolun district has a long history of tectonic reactivation, involving crustal compression and extension, magmatic activity, multiple episodes of fluid flow, and hydrothermal mineralization. Consequently, there exists no generally accepted model for the precise timing and source of the Baolun gold deposits. In this study, two different rutile grains (Rt-1 and Rt-2) were recognized separately in the Va veins and Vb veins based on paragenetic sequence. In situ U-Pb dating indicates that Rt-1 and Rt-2 yielded two group ages of 248.3 +/- 2.8 Ma (MSWD = 0.8) and 78.2 +/- 8.4 Ma (MSWD = 1.4), respectively. The Rt-1 contains 632.0-6051.2 ppm W, 459.1-2169.1 ppm Zr, 1215.0-8267.5 ppm Nb, 107.3-1229.6 ppm Ta, 19.0-79.2 ppm Hf, 160.2-311.8 ppm Sn, 1371.6-3500.7 ppm V, 325.3-3813.9 ppm Cr, 0.6-22.7 ppm Sb, 0.1-38.8 ppm Y, with Ca below the detection limit. The Rt-2 contains 704.9-4390.2 ppm W, 1.8-168.5 ppm Zr, 1264.6-4062.9 ppm Nb, 108.1-453.2 ppm Ta, 0.3-6.9 ppm Hf, 6.5-32.1 ppm Sn, 14.3-311.0 ppm V, 29.4-167.1 ppm Cr, 0.6-27.3 ppm Sb, 56.3-38.8 ppm Y, and 548.7-2750.3 ppm Ca. Obviously, LA-ICPMS trace element analysis revealed significant discrepancies in composition between Rt-1 and Rt-2, suggesting that they precipitated from distinct fluid systems. Combining mineral studies, field observations, structural analysis, and geologic evolution, the results of this study indicate that the Baolun gold deposit formed during two episodes of mineralization. The Early Triassic gold mineralization is clearly classified as an orogenic type. The ore -forming materials were liberated by the deformation and metamorphism during the Indosinian orogeny of South China, which was triggered by the closure of the Paleotethys Ocean. The Late Cretaceous Au-Bi mineralization belongs to a magmatic -hydrothermal origin, which was deposited under an extension setting associated with the post -subduction of the paleo-Pacific plate. The new mineralization model proposed provides significant implications for future exploration strategies.

Based on the study of gold field structure in Jiaodong area, a new model is put forward which developed as “magma core complex uplift-detachment zone structure” links detachment zone structure and magmatic core complex, and metamorphic core complex structure was not developed in the Mesozoic area.In this study, after more than 10 years of tectonic deformation and alteration lithofacies mapping, magmatic structure mapping, paleomagnetic research and kinematic survey, combined with geophysical data analysis, it is found that the typical “Linglong magmatic core complex uplift and detachment zone structure” in Jiaodong area shows a long-round arch dome.The geological phenomena show:（1）The dome core is composed of multi-stage and multi-structural granitic complexes;（2）The granitic complex is trapped by faults, and these detachment zones and shovel type fractures with low and middle-angles are shear fractured.The broad fracture zones show superposition of ductile and brittle deformation and post-magmatic hydrothermal metasomatic alteration mineralization;（3）The hanging wall rocks of the detachment fault are distributed around the magmatic core, and are composed of basement metamorphic rocks and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks, showing a state of detachment depression.The “magmatic core complex uplift-detachment zone structure” is a new model conforming to the East Asian intracontinental tectono-magmatic activation background.Through the study of magma core complex uplift-detachment zone structure, it is proposed that magmatic uplift and pull-apart basin belong to the same tectonic system, extruding tectonic-magmatic uplift and extensional detachment depressions are the products of stress field transformation process, and disintegrating shovel fault and brittle ductile superposition tectonic-rock belt are the targets of metallogenic prediction.Regional diagenetic and metallogenic laws are taken as the mark of direct observation and exploration, and regional geological and metallogenic laws are studied.Geological survey and metallogenic prediction have extensive popularization value and demonstration significance.

胶东金矿集中区金成矿与中—酸性花岗岩类密切相关.剪切相的玲珑型似片麻状黑云母花岗岩(年龄为160～153 Ma)是面积达3 500 km2的大规模岩基;引张相的滦家河型等粒粗粒二长花岗岩(年龄为154～152 Ma)侵位于玲珑型似片麻状黑云母花岗岩内,单个岩体面积为100 km2至数百平方千米.但与金成矿关系最密切的是挤压相的郭家岭型似斑状花岗闪长岩(年龄为131～126 Ma),多数呈岩株状出露(面积为2～90 km2),超大型金矿床往往发育于距其5 km范围内.但是,当郭家岭型似斑状花岗闪长岩岩体规模很大(如蓬莱地区的郭家岭花岗闪长岩体面积为270 km2)时,则与金成矿几乎无关.胶东中—酸性花岗岩"小岩体成大矿"的新认识对于中—酸性岩浆相关热液矿床的成矿规律研究和预测勘查均具有重大的理论意义和应用价值,但受限于相关资料缺乏广泛研究,其形成机制尚需深入探讨.

The Linglong gold field is located in the eastern part of the Linglong magmatic core complex of Jiaodong area, which is a set of rock mass combinations with complicated genesis, multiple sources and different magmatic evolution sequences surrounded by the Jiaojia fault belt and the Zhaoyuan-Pingdu fault belt.In the ore field, The core of the complex rock mass is formed by Linglong-type gneiss-like biotite granite and Guojialing-type porphyryite-like diorite, and the upper cover is Luanjiahe-type coarse-grained monzonitc granite and a small amount of Archean metamorphic rocks.The detachment belt is developed between the Linglong-type gneiss-like biotite granite pluton and the Luanjiahe-type coarse-grained monzonitc granite pluton which was formed by the progressive deformation and transformation of the Potouqing fault belt.The Potouqing detachment belt is a steep and slow shovel-type fracture, the depth in turning end of which is between-300 m and-500 m, and the turning depth of the detachment belt towards the north and east directions is gradually deepening.In order to understand the structural evolution and mineralization characteristics of the uplift detachment belt of the Linglong magmatic core complex, the observation results of the diagenetic structure and brittle ductile deformation characteristics of granite in the later stage show that the fault structure has undergone multiple stress turns from compression shear in the early stage of mineralization to extension detachment during the mineralization period. The diagenetic age（130～125 Ma） of the Guojialing-type porphyry-like diorite in the ore field is coincided with the plastic deformation stage of the detachment belt（137～123 Ma）,and the brittle deformation stage of the detachment belt（123～108 Ma） is basically coincided with the large-scale mineralization event（125.8 ～105 Ma） of the mine, showing the significant correlation between the structural mineralization of the magmatic core complex uplift-detachment belt in the Linglong gold field and the uplift structure of the porphyry-like granodiorite of the Guojialing type.The geometric, kinematics and chronological characteristics of the magmatic core complex uplift-detachment belt of Linglong gold field demonstrate the structural ore-controlling regularity, which can be used to guide the deep prospecting of Linglong gold field.

Jiurui ore concentration area is an important part of the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River metallogenic belt.The study area of Pengshan polymetallic ore field is located in the south of Jiurui ore concentration area, which is rich in mineral resources, but the structural pattern is controversial.In this paper, based on the comprehensive analysis of geological and geophysical characteristics, it is proposed that Pengshan ore field is controlled by the structure of magmatic core complex, and the core of Pengshan magmatic core complex upheaval-detachment structure is composed of elliptical granitoid intrusive rock mass, which was a hidden uplift in the middle Yanshanian period and was shaped in the late Yanshanian period.The peripheral shallow sedimentary rocks are in a domed zonal distribution around the magmatic core complex.The peripheral fault zone tends to deviate from the direction of magmatic core complex and shows a shovel distribution, indicating the detachment structure characteristics.The halo type ore belt types of Pengshan ore field, with the concealed granitic body in the core as the center, the change of high temperature ore to low temperature ore occurs in the surrounding, such as arsenite（arsenopyrite）-tin ore-lead-zinc ore-fluorite ore-barite ore and so on, which is also the result of mineral enrichment along the multi-level detachment faults, and the mineralization occurs in the inner and outer contact zone of the magmatic core complex, forming skarn type, porphyry type and hydrothermal vein type Sn-Pb-Zn polymetallic deposits in the structural relaxation stage.

A hydrothermal vein-type nickel-cobalt deposit was discovered in the Cambrian black rock series in Jinxiu,Guangxi,South China.The deposit is exceptionally rare and holds significant scientific and prospecting importance.This paper introduces the geological characteristics of the Longhua deposit,the rules governing ore enrichment,as well as mineralogical and geochemical investigations.The ore-bearing rock is carbonaceous mudstone in the lower part of the Cambrian Qingxi Formation,and the ore-bodies can be classified into two types:high-grade hydrothermal veins and low-grade disseminated types.Two main mineral assemblages are identified:Ni-Co-As and Ni-Co-S,occurring within the primary vein.Their distribution aligns with NWW and NNW trending faults,respectively.The primary ore minerals consist of Ni-Co arsenide,accompanied by a minor presence of sulfide,quartz and carbonate.Elemental contents of niccolite,gersdorffite,polydymite,millerite,skutterudite,bismuthite,and native bismuth minerals were analyzed using the electron probe method.Additionally,the Fe-Co-Ni ternary diagram of the primary ore minerals was examined.Based on the internal structure and paragenetic relationships of minerals,the sequence of mineral formation is elucidated,and the formation process of ore minerals can be divided into endogenic hydrothermal stage and epigenetic stage.The results of elemental mapping analysis reveal significant zonation characteristics in Ni,Co,and S elements within niccolite,possibly indicating secondary growth as the underlying cause.The hydrothermal vein-type nickel-cobalt deposit may be the product of the old crustal material recirculation before Caledonian Movement.The relationship between granites and mineralization is still difficult to judge.The supernormal enrichment of nickel-cobalt elements may mainly come from the late tectonic-fluid reformation.

Extensional structures developed in the Late Mesozoic in eastern China, which induced intense magmatic activity and large-scale metallogenic events.This paper will extend structure of the Late Mesozoic magmatic core complex and edge exposed detachment fault as the main logo, the multiphase magmatic intrusion formed metamorphic core complex and extensional dome are classified as the structural category of Late Mesozoic magmatic core complex uplift-detachment belts.The former mainly forms deep-sourced gold-polymetallic deposits, while the latter mainly forms shallow-sources non-ferrous metal deposits.The former is mainly distributed in the area of ancient metamorphic rocks, while the latter mainly occurred in the area of Paleozoic sedimentary-volcanic rocks.The inducement of magmatic uptrusion is mainly related to the subduction-reentry mechanism of the Pacific plate in Late Mesozoic.Combining with geophysical data, the deep controlling factors of magmatic core complex are discussed.Based on the post-magmatic hydrothermal metallogenic model of magmatic core complex uplift-detachment zone, the distribution, metallogenic conditions and prospecting criteria of magmatic hydrothermal deposits of precious and non-ferrous metals are summarized.A new direction of mesoscale ore field prospecting is proposed, and favorable concealed prospect areas are predicted in southern Liaonan and northern Anhui.

The Kalatongke Cu-Ni sulfide deposit in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) is hosted by the early Permian mafic intrusions. After conducting a detailed field survey, we found that the massive sulfide ores and network olivine gabbro were emplaced separately into the dominant sulfide-barren mafic suite. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) were performed for zircon U-Pb dating to determine the ages of rocks derived from the sulfide-rich suites and adjacent sulfide-barren suites. The results revealed that the U-Pb ages of olivine gabbro with network ore, gabbro with globular ore and breccia ore are 276.0 +/- 1.1, 272.4 +/- 0.9 and 271.9 +/- 1.3 Ma, respectively. Biotite diorite in the Y1 intrusion, biotite gabbro and biotite norite in the Y2 intrusion presented with ages of 287.4 +/- 1.1, 281.7 +/- 3.0 and 286.7 +/- 1.1 Ma, respectively. Combined with the published data, our findings demonstrated that the Kalatongke sulfide deposit experienced two stages of magma replenishment, lasting at least 16 Myr (287-271 Ma). The sulfide-rich magmas were most likely transported upward from the staging chamber via magma overpressure attributable to considerable tectonic compressive stresses. It could be proposed that the sulfide-rich magmas were derived from a strongly evolved magma chamber, whereas the sulfide-barren mafic suite was related to the emplacement of a weakly evolved magma in the same or a related plumbing system.

"构造变形岩相"填图方法的创立和应用为老矿区深部及外围的找矿工作指明了方向,在实践中取得了显著的效果,需要大力推广和深入研究.对于构造变形岩相带的深部结构认识,需要依靠地球物理信息的解译.与地球物理场性质相类似,构造变形岩相带也是一个现存的地质体;物探工作目的 是要探测和揭示构造变形岩相带的埋深、轮廓、内部结构构造等特征,为确定其形成时间和演化过程提供依据.由于地质与地球物理的复杂时空关系,如果仅以新鲜岩石标本物性参数的差异作为判别标志,难以提高地球物理方法的分辨率和有效性.结合构造变形岩相进行综合解译,更能提高解释推断成果的多学科融合性.作为终极勘探目标,需要紧密结合构造控矿级序,建立构造变形岩相带的三级分类标准,提取对应的地球物理信息:一级构造变形岩相带为目标物所处的构造单元及构造应力场,及其所对应的区域地球物理场特征,如隆凹构造相间的伸展构造域;二级构造变形岩相带为目标物所处的控矿构造体系,及其所对应的矿田地球物理场特征,如岩浆核杂岩隆起-拆离构造系统;三级构造变形岩相带为目标物所在的有利成矿构造部位,及其所对应于关键剖面的地球物理特征,如侵入岩体与围岩的接触带或者含矿断裂带等.选择国际流行的典型金属矿床类型,介绍了三级构造变形岩相带的地球物理组合信息特征及其分级利用操作流程,为有效应用地球物理勘探方法开展深部找矿预测提供了范例.

基岩地球化学方法广泛应用于地质找矿与生产实践,是开展深部找矿预测最直接的方法和手段.通过对玲珑金矿田井下含矿断裂和招平断裂的基岩剖面地球化学特征进行系统研究,得出以下认识:玲珑金矿田原生晕最佳指示元素组合为Au、Ag、Bi、As和Co,且Au-Ag、Au-Bi、Au-As及Au-Co元素之间呈较好的幂指数正相关.根据玲珑金矿田已探明矿脉最佳指示元素组合的统计结果,结合招平断裂基岩剖面地球化学测量结果,发现招平断裂在地表有2处金矿化异常,推测其为矿致异常,反映出该地段具有较好的找矿潜力,特别是前花园村东1021剖面中异常找矿潜力更大.

柴胡栏子金矿目前保有储量已不能满足金矿持续生产的需要,应开展进一步深边部找矿工作.基于成因矿物学理论,采用矿物地球化学方法对矿区内黄铁矿化学成分标型特征进行了研究.结果表明:(1)黄铁矿中Co/Ni元素比值和As-Co-Ni元素三角图解显示,柴胡栏子金矿黄铁矿成因较复杂,受建平群、区域变质和岩浆热液活动等诸多因素的制约;(2)黄铁矿中Au/Ag和S/Se等特征值显示出岩浆热液特征,表明成矿流体的形成主要与矿区岩浆活动有关;(3)黄铁矿晶体中的金以纳米微粒金存在,因纳米金具有较强的迁移性以及被碳质吸附的特性,因此矿区含碳质较高的绢云母化含石墨斜长片麻岩是最有利的赋矿围岩.依据矿区黄铁矿成分特征,结合区域地质、矿区地质及蚀变带特征,得出柴胡栏子金矿形成受诸多因素的联合控制,矿区基性岩脉侵入活动是重要的因素,基性岩脉不仅带来部分矿源,而且其携带的岩浆热液使建平群中的金(这部分金已在区域变质过程中得到活化)进一步活化而进入成矿流体中,在NNE向挤压构造带和NWW向张性裂隙构造带的交会部位,成矿流体与围岩广泛交代形成以蚀变岩型为主的金矿床,矿区东南部深部建平群老变质岩地层具有较好的找矿前景,尤其是绢云母化含石墨斜长片麻岩中的构造发育部位.

The Guanting Pb–Zn deposits in the Jianshui area, southern Yunnan Province, SW China, are located in the conjunction of the Yangtze Block, Cathaysian Block and Sanjiang Block, and they belong to part of the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou (SYG) Pb–Zn metallogenic province. The Pb–Zn orebodies occur in basaltic and limestone breccia at the interfaces between the Maokou limestone and Emeishan basalt. Here, we use zircon U–Pb dating, Rb–Sr dating, trace elements and S isotope data of sulfides to constrain the ages and genesis of deposits. Petrological investigations reveal two main stages of mineralization. Early-stage sphalerites yield a Rb–Sr age of 251.1 ± 8.5 Ma, and it is contemporaneous with the Guanting basalt within the range of error, which has a concordant age of 247.3 ± 4.2 Ma. This metallogenic age indicates that early-stage mineralization may be related to Emeishan volcanic hydrothermal activity. Initial value of 87 Sr/ 86 Sr (0.709) and rare earth elements (REE) patterns of minerals suggest that ore-forming materials were likely derived from mixed mantle-crust sources, and paleo-seawater participated in deposition of Pb–Zn ore. There are two peaks of sulfur isotope (δ 34 S) in the Huangtian and Xinzhai deposits. The δ 34 S of early-stage sulfide is concentrated at + 1.1‰ VCDT to + 3.9‰ VCDT, suggesting that the sulfur was directly supplied by basaltic volcanic activity. Late-stage colloidal sulfides have δ 34 S ranging from + 6‰ VCDT to + 9‰ VCDT, suggesting marine sulfur origin, and that reduced sulfur derived from carbonate strata by thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR). According to the geochemical characteristics, geochronology and regional geodynamic setting, we assume that early-stage mineralization in the Guanting Pb–Zn deposits is Emeishan volcanic hydrothermal mineralization, and late-stage mineralization is similar with Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) deposit. Our results provide new evidence for understanding hydrothermal mineralization associated with the Emeishan flood basalts in the SYG area.

云南个旧地区位于华南板块西南部,扬子地台与华南加里东地槽过渡带的海西印支期右江陆缘裂谷盆地西南部的一个断陷盆地内.云南个旧他白地区拉丁尼克晚期—诺利克期变质玄武岩地质、地球化学特征表明,该岩石受比较强烈的区域构造影响,岩石变质作用较强.岩石以低Si,富集不相容元素(Ti、P、K等),贫MgO、CaO为特征,主要为高钛碱性玄武岩.微量元素表现为异常低的Rb、Ba含量,Sr严重亏损,以及Ta、Ti、Zr、Hf、Th含量较高的特点,与峨眉山高钛玄武岩微弱的地壳混染特点相似.稀土元素表现为轻稀土元素富集的右倾型,具弱的正Eu异常.Sr-Nd同位素特征表明,个旧他白地区变质玄武岩主要来自原始地幔,并落于洋岛玄武岩区域,与峨眉山高钛玄武岩同源.因此,推测三叠纪扬子地块的伸展作用以及思茅地块对扬子地块的俯冲作用,诱导峨眉山地幔柱头部重新进行了 一次低程度的部分熔融,由于地幔柱活动的影响持续时间较长,部分地区地幔柱活动能量较低,玄武质岩浆未喷出地表,形成岩浆房.个旧他白地区变质玄武岩是在地幔柱岩浆活动中心部位相对较弱的阶段,特别是在地幔柱活动中心的边缘地带、岩石圈较厚、熔融程度相对较低的条件下形成的,晚三叠纪岩浆房再次喷发形成玄武岩.

构造体系由强变形构造带和弱变形地域共同构成,这些构造带和变形带可以用结构面的形式表达.构造体系结构面的分布分析,更加适用于变形规律研究,便于追索构造应力场及其演化.以长江中下游地质结构与导矿-控矿要素研究为基础,总结了新华夏构造体系结构面的"米字型"分布特征.新华夏系"米字型"构造,由NNE 25°方向挤压断裂和褶皱带、NNW 345°方向(大义山式)张扭断裂、NEE 75°方向(泰山式)压扭构造和NWW 300°方向(长江式)的横张构造组成.其演化分先后三个阶段;NNW 345°方向—NEE 75°方向的共轭剪切构造阶段、NNE 25°方向挤压构造阶段和NWW 300°方向的张性剪切构造阶段.新华夏构造体系的"米字型"构造样式的识别,为研究构造体系的应力-应变成因、探讨构造体系的形成演化以及浅部构造和深部构造相关性研究提供了重要的地质构造基础.在其它类型的构造体系中,结构面也具有"米字型"分布特征.

构造体系由多方向、多应力-应变性质和多重次序的结构构造组成,这些结构面在构造应力场中有较为固定的分布型式.经过区域成矿带、矿田、矿床等不同层次地质研究,揭示了新华夏构造体系的共轭剪切、挤压和引张三种类型结构面,它们在平面上组成"米字型"构造.通过应力-应变有限元法模拟,将"米字型"构造分为三个形成阶段:第一期共轭构造阶段,发育NNW 345°方向(大义山式)张扭断裂和NEE 75°方向(泰山式)压扭构造;第二期挤压构造阶段,产生NNE 25°方向挤压断裂和褶皱;第三期横张构造阶段,产生NWW300°方向(长江式)的横张断裂,给出了有利于控矿成矿的应力-应变场特征,为地质找矿指明了方向.三个阶段相比,构造带内主干拉应力以第一期NNW向构造带内为最大,第三期NWW向"长江式"构造带次之,第二期NNE向和第一期NEE向构造带内拉应力微弱,拉应力总体呈现出时间由老到新从最高下降至微弱之后再回升的趋势;最大主压应力从第一期NEE向构造带为中等,演进到第二期NNE向构造带为最大,第三期NWW向"长江式"构造带和NNW向构造带为最小,表现出时间由老到新,先增强至最高值再下降至最小的趋势.

Based on the physical parameters of the rocks (ores) and the genetic types of ore deposits, the geophysical exploration models have met issues of multiple solutions for deep prospecting prediction. It is necessary to find recognizable geological targets with high precision by geophysical methods. The ore prospecting practice over past years has demonstrated that the ore field tectonic deformation lithofacies belt is an outstanding target and significant prospecting results have been achieved. At present, the geophysical exploration work of large-scale mining area is heavy, while that of medium-scale ore field is limited, and both of them lack the strategic guidance at different levels. In order to establish the geophysical identification mark of the tectonic deformation lithofacies belt in ore field, it is necessary to clarify the complex time-space relationship between geology and geophysics, and strengthen the connection between geomechanics and geophysical exploration methods. In this paper, a method of processing and interpreting geophysical information at different levels is proposed. According to the "✳-shaped" structural features of the tectonic traces in the study area and the characteristics of the periodic development of the tectonic system, the geophysical exploration data of different scales and dimensions are analyzed from the two levels of ore field and deposit, and the information of tectonic deformation lithofacies belts is extracted. The specific operation procedures are as follows: (1) Making an area geophysical exploration within the scope of the ore field, interpreting the "✳-shaped" fault structure system, and then selecting the tensional and tension-torsional ore-bearing fault structures and predicting the prospecting direction; (2) Laying out large-deep geophysical profiles in the ore-bearing fault zone, analyzing the denudation degree and burial depth, and delineating the location of prospecting targets based on the geochemical exploration information. The application results of this method in the Chaihulanzi gold field in Chifeng, Inner Mongolia is introduced. The "✳-shaped" distribution of structural traces of the Neocathaysian tectonic system are interpreted from the geophysical data of the ore field, and then it is confirmed that the NNW and NWW trending tectonic deformation lithofacies belts are the main ore-bearing structural belts and there is a spatio-temporal sequential relationship between them in the two mining areas. These findings, provides a basis for deep ore prospecting and prediction.

基于岩(矿)石物性参数和矿床成因类型建立的地球物理勘查模型,在深部找矿预测中出现了多解性的问题,急需找到地球物理方法能够高精度识别的地质体目标.多年的找矿实践表明,矿田构造变形岩相带就是一个重要的选项,业已取得显著的找矿效果.目前,大比例尺的矿区地球物理勘查工作较多,而中比例尺的矿田地球物理研究比较薄弱,且两者均缺乏分层次的战略指导.为了建立矿田构造变形岩相带的地球物理判别标志,需要厘清地质与地球物理的复杂时间-空间关系,加强地质力学与地球物理勘探方法的联系.文章提出分层次处理和解释地球物理信息的思路,即根据研究区构造形迹的"米字型"结构特征和构造体系阶段性发展的特点,从矿田、 矿床2个层次解析不同尺度-维度的地球物理勘查资料,提取构造变形岩相带信息.具体操作流程为先在矿田范围内布置面积性物探,解译"米字型"断裂构造系统,选定张性和张扭性含矿断裂构造,预测找矿方向;再在含矿断裂带布置大深度物探剖面,分析剥蚀程度和埋藏深度,结合化探信息圈定找矿靶区位置.文中以内蒙古赤峰柴胡栏子金矿田为例,介绍该方法的找矿应用效果.首先从矿田地球物理资料中解译出新华夏构造体系"米字型"分布的构造形迹,然后在2个矿区内确认了北北西和北西西走向的构造变形岩相带是主要的含矿构造带,且两者之间存在时空上的先后关系,为深部找矿预测提供了依据.