The brain networks for the first (L1) and second (L2) languages are dynamically formed in the bilingual brain. This study delves into the neural mechanisms associated with logographic-logographic bilingualism, where both languages employ visually complex and conceptually rich logographic scripts. Using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, we examined the brain activity of Chinese-Japanese bilinguals and Japanese-Chinese bilinguals as they engaged in rhyming tasks with Chinese characters and Japanese Kanji. Results showed that Japanese-Chinese bilinguals processed both languages using common brain areas, demonstrating an assimilation pattern, whereas Chinese-Japanese bilinguals recruited additional neural regions in the left lateral prefrontal cortex for processing Japanese Kanji, reflecting their accommodation to the higher phonological complexity of L2. In addition, Japanese speakers relied more on the phonological processing route, while Chinese speakers favored visual form analysis for both languages, indicating differing neural strategy preferences between the 2 bilingual groups. Moreover, multivariate pattern analysis demonstrated that, despite the considerable neural overlap, each bilingual group formed distinguishable neural representations for each language. These findings highlight the brain's capacity for neural adaptability and specificity when processing complex logographic languages, enriching our understanding of the neural underpinnings supporting bilingual language processing.

Correspondence: Bing Yu, Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004,People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-24-96615-73266, Fax +86-24-23929902, Email yubingcmu@163.com; Li Xiao, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-24-96615-61713, Fax +86-24-22780097, Email xiaolicmu@163.com

The aim of this study was to explore the application of five-class deep residual network models based on plain CT images and clinical features for the precise staging of liver fibrosis. This retrospective clinical study included 347 patients who underwent liver CT, with pathological staging of liver fibrosis as the gold standard. We established three ResNet models to stage liver fibrosis. The output diagnosis labels of models were 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4, which correspond to F0, F1, F2, F3, and F4 stages. Confusion matrices were used to evaluate the performances of models to precisely stage liver fibrosis. The performance for diagnosing cirrhosis (F4), advanced fibrosis (≥ F3) and significant fibrosis (≥ F2) of models was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. The kappa coefficients of the five-class ResNet model (based on plain CT images), the five-class ResNet clinical model (based on clinical features), and the five-class mixed ResNet model (based on plain CT images and clinical features) for precise staging liver fibrosis were 0.566, 0.306, and 0.63, respectively. The recall rates and precision rates for F0, F1, F2, and F3 of three models were lower than 60%. The ROC AUC values of the five-class ResNet model, the five-class ResNet clinical model, and the five-class mixed ResNet model for diagnosing cirrhosis, advanced fibrosis, and significant fibrosis were 0.95, 0.88, and 0.82, 0.80, 0.72, and 0.70, 0.95, 0.90, and 0.83, respectively. The five-class ResNet models are of high value in the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis, advanced liver fibrosis, and significant liver fibrosis. However, for the precise staging of liver fibrosis, the models cannot accurately distinguish other liver fibrosis stages except F4. Plain CT images combined with clinical features have the potential to improve the performance of the ResNet models in diagnosing liver fibrosis.

Objective In the current study we investigated topological abnormalities of the cerebral white matter networks in narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) patients and its relationship with their cognitive abnormalities using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) technology. Methods DTI and the Beijing version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-BJ) were applied to 30 NT1 patients and 30 age-matched healthy controls. DTI studies were also carried using the 3T MRI system. Next, DTI data was used to establish a cerebral white matter network for all subjects and graph theory was applied to analyze the topological characteristics of the white matter structural network. Topographical parameters (such as local efficiency (Eloc), global efficiency (Eglob) and small-world (σ)) between NT1 patients and controls were then compared. The correlation between MoCA-BJ scores and topological parameters was also analyzed. Results MoCA-BJ scores in NT1 patients were lower than those in the healthy controls. Compared with healthy controls, the global efficiency of the white matter network and attributes of the small world network were significantly reduced in NT1 patients. Finally, the global efficiency of the white matter structural network was related to the MoCA-BJ score of NT1 patients. Conclusion The abnormal topological characteristics of the white matter structural network in NT1 patients may be associated with their cognitive impairment.

目的:采用3.0TM磁共振弹性成像评估胆道梗阻患者和非胆道梗阻患者肝脏硬度值的差异,分析肝脏硬度值和血清标志物及致病因素的相关性,并探讨胆道引流术前后肝脏硬度值的变化.方法:80例无肝病病史的患者被包括在本回顾性研究中,通过胆红素及胆总管直径测定,将其分为39例梗阻性患者(A组)和41例非梗阻性患者(B组),通过独立样本t检验比较A、B两组的肝脏硬度值、实验室数据间的差异;皮尔逊相关系数分析肝脏硬度值与实验室数据的相关性;分析致病因素良恶性对肝脏硬度值的影响.对行胆道引流术的20例A组患者手术前后的肝脏硬度值进行独立样本t检验分析.结果:①A、B两组患者除致病因素外基本特征无差异.②A组肝脏硬度值((4.45±1.03)kPa)明显高于B组((2.27±0.36)kPa),P<0.01.③肝脏硬度值与胆道梗阻程度呈正相关.④致病因素无论是恶性还是良性,均为胆道梗阻组患者的肝脏硬度值高于非梗阻组.⑤20例A组患者行胆道引流术后弹性值显著降低(P<0.01).结论:磁共振弹性成像测量的肝脏硬度值与胆道梗阻程度呈正相关,与致病因素良恶性无关.胆道梗阻患者胆道引流术后肝脏硬度值明显减低,这种肝脏硬度值增加是一种可逆的病变进程.

Objective: Simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were applied to investigate the abnormalities in the topological characteristics of functional brain networks during non-rapid eye movement(NREM)sleep. And we investigated its relationship with cognitive abnormalities in patients with narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) disorder in the current study. Methods: The Beijing version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-BJ) and EEG-fMRI were applied in 25 patients with NT1 and 25 age-matched healthy controls. All subjects participated in a nocturnal video polysomnography(PSG)study, and total sleep time (TST), percentage of TST (%TST) for each sleep stage and arousal index were calculated. The Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS) was used to measure the degree of daytime sleepiness. The EEG-fMRI study was performed simultaneously using a 3T MRI system and a 32-channel MRI-compatible EEG system during sleep. Visual scoring of EEG data was used for sleep staging. Cognitive function was assessed for all subjects using the MoCA-BJ. The fMRI data were applied to establish a whole-brain functional connectivity network for all subjects, and the topological characteristics of the whole-brain functional network were analyzed using a graph-theoretic approach. The topological parameters were compared between groups. Lastly, the correlation between topological parameters and the assessment scale using Montreal Cognition was analyzed. Results: The MoCA-BJ scores were lower in patients with NT1 than in normal controls. Whole-brain global efficiency during stage N2 sleep in patients with NT1 displayed significantly lower small-world properties than in normal controls. Whole-brain functional network global efficiency in patients with NT1 was significantly correlated with MoCA-BJ scores. Conclusion: The global efficiency of the functional brain network during stage N2 sleep in patients with NT1 and the correspondingly reduced small-world attributes were associated with cognitive impairment.

Objective: To investigate abnormalities of thalamocortical and intrathalamic functional connectivity (FC) in children with primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) during light non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep using a simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG)-functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) method. Method: Polysomnographic and EEG-fMRI data were obtained during sleep from 61 children with PNE (age 10.2 +/- 1.7 years, 59% boys) and 61 age-matched controls (age 10.1 +/- 1.4 years, 54% boys). All subjects first participated in one overnight video-polysomnographic study. Total sleep time, percentage of total sleep time in each sleep stage, arousal index, and awakening index were calculated. Simultaneous EEG-fMRI studies were then performed using a 3T MRI system with a 32-channel MRI-compatible EEG system. Visual scoring of EEG data permitted sleep staging. Thalamocortical and intrathalamic FCs in the waking state and at different stages of light sleep were calculated and compared. Results: Children with PNE had a higher percentage of total sleep time in light sleep and a higher arousal index compared with controls. Abnormal thalamocortical FCs were detected in the lateral prefrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, and inferior parietal lobule during light NREM sleep. Abnormal intrathalamic FCs were also detected during light NREM sleep among the motor, occipital, prefrontal, and temporal subdivisions of the thalamus. Conclusion: Abnormal prefrontal and parietal thalamocortical FCs, accompanied by abnormal intrathalamic FCs among the motor, occipital, prefrontal, and temporal subdivision of thalamus during light NREM sleep, may be related to abnormal sleep and enuresis in children with PNE.

Background Flipped classrooms have already begun to be used in many universities aboard, and they now make up for some of the short comings of the traditional classroom. We introduced the concept of flipped classrooms into a radiology class in China and evaluated the students’ performance to find out whether it was a better learning method. Furthermore, we have attempted to identify the problems of application of flipped classrooms (as practiced under the Chinese education system) and make suggestions. Methods Facilities made videos and prepared clinical cases and short lectures for the flipped classroom. A total of 55 undergraduate radiology students were asked to finish pre-class learning and pre-learning assessment, participate in a flipped classroom about bone malignant tumours, and complete questionnaires. Teachers were also need to finish the survey. Results The students showed good performances in the pre-learning assessment. The mean scores for three pre-learning assessment were 89.77, 96.54, and 93.71, respectively; the median scores were 90, 97.5, and 94, respectively. After they attended the flipped classroom, their mastery of knowledge (case-solving skills, basic feature command, comparison ability, and overall knowledge command) showed improvements; after flipped classroom, the scores for these knowledge factors improved to 81.25, 85.42, 85.42, and 85.42%, respectively, compared to the scores they obtained before taking the flipped classroom (1.25, 68.75, 64.58, and 72.92% respectively). The students’ discussion time and student-teacher-communication time increased, and the students’ questions were solved satisfactorily. CTDI-CV showed no improvement in critical thinking skills after taking the course. The time spent in previewing (pre-class video watching, material reading, and pre-learning assessment) increased significantly. Conclusions Flipped classrooms, when tested in a radiology classroom setting, show many advantages, making up for some inadequacies of didactic classrooms. They provide students with better learning experiences. We can continue to practice flipped classroom methods under the curriculum, but we still need to make improvements to make it more suitable for the Chinese medical education mode.

Purpose The early diagnosis of liver fibrosis is crucial for the prevention of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. As gold standard for staging liver fibrosis, liver biopsy is an invasive procedure that carries the risk of serious complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the residual neural network (ResNet), a non-invasive methods, for staging liver fibrosis using plain CT images. Methods This retrospective study involved 347 patients subjected to liver CT scanning and liver biopsy. For each patient, we selected three axial images adjacent to the puncture location in the eighth or ninth inter-space on the right side. After processing and enhancement (rotation, translation, and amplification), these images were used as input data for the ResNet model. The model used a fivefold cross-validation method. In each fold, the images of approximately 80% of the total sample size (278 patients) were used for training the ResNet model, the other 20% (69 patients) were used for testing the trained network, with the liver biopsy pathology results as gold standard. The proportion of patients in each fibrosis stage was equal for training and test groups. The final result was the mean of the fivefold cross-validation in the test group. The performance of the ResNet model was evaluated for the test group by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results For the ResNet model, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for assessing cirrhosis (F4), advanced fibrosis (F3 or higher), significant fibrosis (F2 or higher), and mild fibrosis (F1 or higher) was 0.97, 0.94, 0.90, and 0.91, respectively. Conclusions The ResNet model analysis of plain CT images exhibited high diagnostic efficiency for liver fibrosis staging. As a convenient, fast, and economical non-invasive diagnostic method, the ResNet model can be used to assist radiologists and clinicians in liver fibrosis evaluations.

AIMS:Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) is critical for staging and prognosis prediction of portal hypertension (PH). However, HVPG measurement has limitations (e.g., invasiveness). This study examined the value of non-invasive, imaging-based approaches including magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for the prediction of HVPG in a porcine model of liver cirrhosis and PH.MAIN METHODS:Male Bama miniature pigs were used to establish a porcine model of liver cirrhosis and PH induced by embolization. They were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 12) and control group (n = 3). HVPG was examined before and after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). MRE and IVIM-DWI were performed to obtain quantitative parameters including liver stiffness (LS) in MRE, tissue diffusivity (D), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*), and perfusion fraction (f) in IVIM-DWI. The correlation between HVPG and the parameters was assessed.KEY FINDINGS:LS values were significantly greater in the experimental group, while f values were significantly decreased at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after embolization compared to the control group. Furthermore, HVPG was significantly lower immediately after versus before TIPS. In parallel, LS and f values showed significant alterations after TIPS, and these changes were consistent with a reduction in HVPG. Spearman analysis revealed a significant correlation between the parameters (LS and f) and HVPG. The equation was eventually generated for prediction of HVPG.SIGNIFICANCE:The findings show a good correlation between HVPG and the quantitative parameters; thus, imaging-based techniques have potential as non-invasive methods for predicting HVPG.

Several lines of evidence indicate that multiple abnormalities of gray matter are related to the pathogenesis of primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE); however, few studies have been conducted with respect to abnormalities in white matter (WM) of children with PNE. The present work investigated the microstructure of WM in children with PNE using a neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) method. NODDI data were obtained from 29 children with PNE (age = 9.8 ± 1.2 years, 59% males) and 34 healthy controls (age = 10.3 ± 1.6 years, 56% males) in this study. Multi-b-value diffusion-weighted imaging data were acquired with a 3 T MR system, and the orientation dispersion index (ODI) and neurite density index (NDI) maps were calculated. Tract-Based Spatial Statistics analyses of WM tracts were performed with ODI and NDI maps in children with PNE and controls. Children with PNE had lower ODIs in WM fiber tracts of the bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) and higher ODIs in the bilateral internal capsule (IC) and right anterior thalamic radiation (ATR) than controls. PNE children also had lower NDIs in the bilateral IC and the cingulum and higher NDIs in the bilateral SLF. These changes in NODDI indices, which indicated abnormal neural maturation of the WM microstructures, may be related to abnormal sleep and enuresis in children with PNE.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignancy of the liver worldwide and surgical resection remains the most effective treatment. However, it is still a great challenge to locate small lesions and define the border of diffused HCC even with the help of preoperative imaging examination. Here, we reported a rare-earth-doped nanoparticle NaGdF4:Nd 5%@NaGdF4@Lips (named Gd-REs@Lips), which simultaneously performed powerful functions in both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and second near-infrared fluorescence window imaging (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm). Imaging studies on orthotopic models with xenografts established from HCC patients indicated that Gd-REs@Lips efficiently worked as a T2-weighted imaging contrast agent to increase the signal intensity difference between liver cancer tissues and surrounding normal liver tissues on MRI, and it can also serve as a negative NIR-II imaging contrast enabling the precise detection of liver cancer. More importantly, benefiting from the high sensitivity of NIR-II imaging, Gd-REs@Lips allowed the visualization of tiny metastasis lesions (2 mm) on the liver surface. It is expected that the dual NIR-II/MRI modal nanoprobe developed holds high potential to fill the gap between the preoperative imaging detection of cancer lesions and intra-operative guidance, and it further brings new opportunities to address HCC-related medical challenges.

肝纤维化的早期诊断对于疾病转归有着不可或缺的作用.随着磁共振技术的发展,出现了很多基于磁共振定量诊断肝纤维化的新兴技术,目前磁共振弹性成像是公认的对肝纤维化定量诊断的有效手段,但其诊断效果仍受被检者体型、铁沉积等伪影的影响.现今在有效的影像学手段上进行技术方法的互相叠加,如磁共振成像动态对比增强、磁共振弥散加权成像下的纹理分析等,能够产生更好的诊断效果,这些影像学技术的叠加使用有着广阔的发展前景.

The medical imaging technology (MIT) specialty hasn't been set up for a long time in China, and the mode of educating students in other institutions vary greatly among different universities. There are several disadvantages in MIT specialty set up in the Affiliated hospitals of universities, such as unreasonable curriculum system, imperfections in teaching and research department, and inadequate guidance on students' innovation ability. Therefore, the solutions for alleviating the above problems that are unfavorable factors to education are proposed, so as to further improve the model of MIT specialty set up in the affiliated hospitals of universities and produce more competent graduates.

在本世纪初的20年里,冠状病毒科病原体导致的严重急性呼吸道综合征、中东呼吸道综合征及新型冠状病毒肺炎暴发性流行,造成了严重的公共卫生灾难.本文聚焦上述冠状病毒科病原体导致肺炎的流行病学特点,影像学检查的价值及限度,新型冠状病毒肺炎的影像表现,与其他常见病毒性肺炎的影像鉴别,有助于提高对新型冠状病毒肺炎的发病机制的认识,增强设备使用的科学性,提升放射科医生的诊断能力,助力临床尽早识别病原体,有效评估疗效及预后,从而助力影像人抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情.

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly aggressive and chemoresistant liver malignancy. Thus, identification of strategies to overcome insensitivity to apoptosis and growth inhibition is a growing focus of research in this malignancy. This study evaluated the potential anti-cancer effects of an ethanol extract from the Actinidia arguta (Hardy Kiwi) root (RAE) on CCA. Our data demonstrated that RAE decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis by activation of Caspase 3, Caspase 8, and Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in two CCA cell lines. RAE induced a decrease in Mcl-1 in cultured CCA cells and in xenograft CCA tumors. Administration of RAE every other day led to significant growth inhibition in tumor burden xenograft CCA mice. Western blotting analysis of paired human CCA and normal adjacent tissues from the same patient revealed that CCA tissues exhibited significantly higher Mcl-1 expression than normal tissues. Taken together, our findings demonstrated the anti-cancer effects of RAE on CCA both in vitro and in vivo. These data suggest that RAE may be a promising anti-CCA agent and could be beneficial in the treatment of CCA through the targeting of Mcl-1.

70年砥砺奋进,70年春华秋实,本文总结了中国医学影像期刊70年的发展历程,为中华人民共和国成立70周年献礼。本文收集了国内28本医学影像期刊的资料,对其设立年代、出版状况、文章内容等进行了分析,并与国外同类期刊进行对比,总结中国医学影像期刊70年的变迁,并展望了未来发展趋势。1中国医学影像期刊设立年代1977年之前,我国医学影像期刊仅有《中华放射学杂志》1本,80、90年代是杂志创立的高峰期,

Background: Bronchopneumonia is a disease with a high death rate for children in developing countries. It not only affects the healthy growth of children, but also puts economic pressure and additional burdens on their families and society. Social development and advancement may change the factors influencing the hospitalization costs. This study aimed to explore reasonable cost control approaches by analyzing the factors related to unreasonable increases in medical costs, so as to standardize the diagnosis and treatment behaviors and determine management methods for scientific medical costs. Methods: Using the decision tree analysis method combined with the characteristic variables of inpatients, data mining and analysis were performed on the assortment of charges for15,980infantile bronchopneumonia inpatients in a northern hospital of China during January 2013 to December 2017. Results: The medical costs of infantile bronchopneumonia inpatients tended to decrease year by year. Various factors influencing the hospitalization costs were sequenced in order of decreasing importance: salvage, complications, admission condition, discharge condition, hospital stay, age and medical payment mode. The hospitalization cost of 623(78.5%) patients with salvage during hospitalization was >RMB 10,000. Hospitalization cost of

血管肉瘤是一种由血管内皮细胞分化的间叶细胞来源的恶性肿瘤,多见于头颈部皮肤、软组织、乳腺、肝、脾等.原发于心脏的血管肉瘤(primary cardiac angiosarcomas,PCAS)少见,其临床表现主要取决于肿瘤位置、浸润范围等.现报道收治的1例心脏原发性血管肉瘤伴肺转移患者,复习相关文献,讨论该瘤的临床特征、影像表现、鉴别诊断、治疗和预后. 1 病例资料 患者男,45岁,以咳嗽、咳痰、痰中带血、胸痛、气短、胸闷、心慌为主要症状就诊,外院CT提示大量心包积液,欲求进一步诊治入院治疗.

细胞凋亡(又称细胞程序性死亡)在癌症发生、神经退行性病变、脑坏死、心肌梗塞、缺血再灌注、细胞治疗、器官移植排斥等疾病诊断和治疗中发挥重要作用.非入侵式细胞凋亡检测用于相关疾病诊断和疗效判断在临床上具有重要应用价值.磁共振成像是当今临床应用最为广泛的非入侵式诊断工具之一.细胞凋亡特异性识别分子或标志物与相应的磁共振对比剂交联后即可作为磁共振分子探针并应用于分子磁共振成像.尽管细胞凋亡分子磁共振成像距离临床应用转化还有一定的距离,随着分子探针和磁共振技术的日新月异的发展,细胞凋亡靶向磁共振分子成像必将进入临床实际应用.