中麦122是中国农业科学院作物科学研究所、国家小麦改良中心与高碑店市科贸种业有限公司利用早熟多抗小麦CA0431为父本,高产广适晚熟小麦轮选987为母本,通过复合杂交、系谱选育,合作培育出的中早熟高产节水广适冬小麦新品种,该品种高产稳产、抗倒抗病,适应性广,于2018年5月通过京津冀品种审定.

To improve wheat yield and bread quality simultaneously, 12 BC2F5 breeding lines with high molecular glutein subunits (HMW GS) of 7+8 and 5+10, which derived from the cross between Yumai 34 and Lunxuan 9873 and identified by molecular marker assisted selection, were used to investigate the performance of yield and quality. The cultivar Yumai 34 with high bread making quality was used as the donor of HMW GS 7+8 and 5+10, and Lunxuan 987 as the high yield backcross parent. Results showed that 9 out of the 12 lines had higher values than Lunxuan 987 on most of the quality parameters, such as dough development time and stability of farinogragh, maximum resistance of extensogragh, mixing time, peak integral and Time X width at 8 minute of mixogragh, loaf volume and total score, which ranging from 0.5 to 4.3 minutes, 2.6 to 12.4 minutes, 118.4 to 315.3 BU, 0.7 to 3.5 minutes,23.6% TQ·min to 134.9% TQ·min,6.1% to 9.7%,80 to 165 cm3, 12.5 to 30 points, respectively. 1BL/1RS translocation had great negative effect on quality, but with exception. The yields of 11 lines increased by 3.3% to 19.5% compared with Lunxuan 987. Among the 11 lines, the yield of three lines named as CA1063, CA1062 and CA1061 were significant higher than that of Lunxuan 987, and were higher than that of check cultivar Zhongmai 175 by 4.1%, 3.5% and 1.9%, respectively. Eight lines, which did not show significant difference in yield with Zhongmai 175, exhibited better quality compared with Lunxuan 987 and Zhongmai 175. It indicated that yield and quality could be improved at same time by molecular marker assisted selection.

Haploid breeding by wheat × maize cross can reduce the breeding cycle and improve breeding efficiency.In this paper,we reported the new wheat variety Zhongmai 533 developed by wheat × maize hybridization.This cultivar showed high yield,good drought tolerance,resistant to stripe rust and immune to powdery mildew,with the yield of 5.598 t·hm-2 and 5.502 t·hm-2 in Beijing Regional Yield Trial and Pilot Trial,respectively,which were 5.2% and 9.7% higher than that of control variety Jingdong 8.Meanwhile,the experience of applying haploid breeding through wheat × maize cross in wheat improvement was presented.

<正>中麦415是中国农业科学院作物科学研究所国家小麦改良中心培育的高产、稳产小麦新品种,组合是京411/贵农11//京411。2010年12月通过国家品种审定,审定号为国审麦2010016。

Understanding the mechanism of pre-harvest sprouting(PHS) is very important to breed wheat cultivars with PHS resistance.The functional molecular markers Vp1B3,Vp1-b2 and Dorm-1,combining with the germination test of spike,seed,seed + awn,seed + spike-stalk,seed + glumes,and seed + awn + spike-stalk + glumes,were used in this study to find out the mechanism of PHS resistance of the 11 winter wheat cultivars(lines).The results showed that the resistance of PHS in two red-grain check cultivars Jing 9428 and Jingdong 8 was controlled by red-color and Vp-1Bc as well as glumes or their inhibitors.Nine white-grain cultivars(lines) had not only the common mechanisms of resistance called awn and glumes or their inhibitory substances,but also some different mechanisms.There were no relationships among PHS resistance of high tolerant line CA0431 with Vp1B,Dorm-1 and grain color,while its resistance was controlled by other genetic factors.High resistance of Shandong 046432 was due to Vp-1Bc and Dorm-1.Spike-stalk provided the medium resistance to cultivar Aikang 58.The effect of Vp-1Bb gene on the resistance of CA9550-2 needed further investigation.Awn and glumes or their inhibitory substances offered some resistance to the three medium susceptible lines CA9640,CA0459 and CA0493,and two high susceptible lines Shandong 928802 and CA0306.However,the genotype Vp-1Bb of Shandong 928802 and genotype Vp-1Bc of CA0306 were not associated with the PHS resistance.

中优335是中国农业科学院作物科学研究所小麦改良中心培育的优质、高产小麦新品种,组合为中优9701/CA9553.中优335兼有双亲优点,实现了优质与高产较好地结合,2009年8月通过天津市品种审定,审定号为津审麦2009002.

Improvement for yield potential is a top priority for wheat breeding programs in China.Significant progress has been made in developing high yield varieties using Jing 411 as a core parent.Three varieties including Zhongmai175 were released and the sowing area is increasing rapidly.This paper summarized the experience of our wheat breeding program in the last 20 years,and it was concluded that improvement of spike kernel weight through increased kernel number or kernel weight or both is an important approach for improving yield potential.

中优206是中国农业科学院作物科学研究所利用本所创造的高产、矮秆小麦新品系CA9614与优质小麦品种中优9507杂交,经5年系谱法选择培育出的优质专用面包小麦新品种.其系谱号为:CD98001-0-1-4.2007年通过北京市农作物品种审定委员会审定.

中麦175是中国农业科学院作物科学研究所采用系谱法选育的高产、早熟、抗病小麦新品种(原代号:CA0175),其系谱号为CA95W92 -1 -2 -0 -5.2007年通过北京市品种审定委员会审定,审定号为2007001.