四川盆地西北部九龙山地区有多口井在中二叠统茅口组、栖霞组测试获得了日产百万立方米的高产气流,预示着该区具有很大的天然气勘探开发潜力,但复杂的裂缝产状及普遍发育的非均匀岩石构造模糊了测井信息对流体的响应.为了建立该区有效的气、水层测井识别方法,首先开展了常规测井、成像测井资料与岩心分析、油气测试结果的对比分析,创建了识别裂缝和非均匀岩石构造的测井信息非相关性分析技术,形成了各类储层的非相关特征模式;然后对电阻率曲线进行高斯滤波,以降低裂缝对电阻率的影响,获得了反映基质岩块的电阻率信息;进而根据储层类型与孔隙结构指数m值的关系,建立了能够有效判别气、水层的孔隙度—高斯滤波电阻率交会图版.研究结果表明:①中二叠统气、水层电阻率界线随储层类型的变化而不同,表现为从裂缝型、缝洞型至孔洞型逐渐升高的趋势,变化范围介于80～300 Ω·m;②利用上述图版对研究区L004-3井的气、水层进行了识别,其结果与实际测试结果吻合.结论认为,该研究成果可以为川西北九龙山地区中二叠统气、水分布规律的认识提供指导,同时也可以为其他区块裂缝性储层的气、水识别提供一条新的思路.

2020年,四川盆地西南部地区(以下简称川西南部)平探1井在中二叠统栖霞组钻遇台缘带孔隙型白云岩储层并获得高产工业气流,实现了该区中二叠统天然气勘探的新突破.为了深化对栖霞组的地质认识,指导该区带天然气勘探,在分析平探1井钻探成果的基础上,对该区的烃源条件、储层特征、保存条件等油气成藏要素开展了研究,探讨了该区栖霞组天然气的勘探潜力及下一步的勘探方向.研究结果表明:①川西南部栖霞组储层以中、细晶白云岩为主,储集空间主要为溶蚀孔洞、晶间孔、粒间孔和裂缝,为低孔、中—低渗透裂缝—孔隙型储层,局部发育高孔高渗储层;储层横向展布受台缘滩控制,主要沿邛西—平落坝—名山—汉王场一带大面积分布;②该区栖霞组天然气的来源与双鱼石构造类似,由下寒武统筇竹寺组泥页岩和中二叠统泥灰岩混源构成,主要来源于前者;③该区纵向上不仅具有“双层构造”特征,而且三叠系盐膏层具有区域封盖条件,二叠系的构造圈闭及构造—岩性复合圈闭形态完整、保存条件良好,为栖霞组天然气聚集成藏提供了有利的场所.结论 认为,川西南部中二叠统具有较好的天然气成藏条件,平探1井的突破展示了该区栖霞组台缘带白云岩储层良好的天然气勘探潜力.

四川盆地西北部地区(以下简称川西北)深层海相碳酸盐岩气藏天然气资源丰富,该区双鱼石构造中二叠统栖霞组气藏属于超深、高温、高压的构造—岩性复合圈闭气藏,受滩体发育、成岩作用及构造作用等的影响,其储层非均质性强、单井测试产气量差异较大.为了提升天然气勘探开发效益,实现“稀井、高产”,利用岩心分析、测井、地震等资料,基于油气勘探开发一体化、地质工程一体化的工作思路,综合分析并确定了该区栖霞组气藏天然气富集高产的关键因素;进而利用三维地震资料,明确了栖霞组气藏优质储层的平面分布规律;同时大力推广应用新工艺新技术,连续在该构造获得了SYX131、SYX133两口高产水平井,栖霞组气藏测试天然气日产量分别达123.97×104 m3和142.51×104 m3,创造了该区天然气高产的新纪录.研究结果表明:①该区栖霞组溶孔、溶洞型白云岩储层厚度、裂缝发育程度与天然气产能之间具有明显的正相关性;②地震剖面上表现为栖霞组顶部“复波”或中上部“弱波峰”反射特征,储层越发育,“复波”或“弱波峰”特征越明显;③水平井钻井及大规模裸眼分段酸化改造等新工艺、新技术是实现该区天然气高产的重要工程保障.结论 认为,两口高产水平井的突破,揭示了川西北深层海相碳酸盐岩气藏具备常规气规模效益勘探开发的巨大潜力.

通过对岩心及岩屑薄片观察,结合粒度、物性、薄片等分析化验资料,分析了四川盆地西部侏罗系储层差异化控制因素.侏罗系以分流河道砂体和河口坝砂岩为储层,储层物性受控于沉积因素和成岩作用.沉积因素主要通过沉积微相及粒度影响储层物性,由龙门山中段物源控制的粒度较粗的水下分流河道及河口坝长石类砂体物性最佳;成岩作用则控制孔隙演化,沙溪庙组破坏性成岩作用强于蓬莱镇组;沙溪庙组河口坝砂体与蓬莱镇组水下分流河道砂体破坏性成岩作用较弱,溶蚀作用较强,保留了较多的储集空间,为有利的勘探开发目标.

川西坳陷南段中侏罗统沙溪庙组Ⅱ段是侏罗系气藏重要的产层段,储层纵横向上变化大,非均质性强,其控制因素与孔隙演化规律尚不清晰使得勘探开发效果不理想.通过对岩心及岩屑薄片观察,结合粒度、物性、薄片等分析化验资料,分析了控制储层的主要因素.沙溪庙组Ⅱ段以分流河道砂体和河口坝砂体为储层,储层物性受控于沉积因素和成岩作用.沉积因素主要通过粒度、沉积微相及岩屑成分等影响储层物性,高长石、粒度较粗的三角洲前缘水下分流河道及河口坝砂体物性最佳.成岩作用则控制孔隙演化,压实作用和胶结作用对储层物性起到破坏性作用,减小的孔隙占原生孔隙的80.4%,压实作用对孔隙的破坏大于胶结作用,溶蚀作用是改善储层孔隙的重要成岩作用,最终因溶蚀作用增加的孔隙度为1.8%.

The oil detailed classification and oil-source correlation are important topics for organic geochemistry in petroliferous basins.Analysis with GC-MS reveals that the relative abundances of 17α(H )-C30 diahopanes (C?30 )are various both in Mesozoic Yanchang Formation lacustrine source rocks and oils of Ordos Basin.Correspondingly,the contents of rearranged sterane,C2 9 Ts and Ts are also different.Therefore,according to the abundance of C?30 ,such as the diagrams of C?30/C2 9 norhopane value-C?30/C30 hopane value and C2 9 Ts/C2 9 norhopane value-C?30/C30 hopane value,the Mesozoic lacustrine oil can be divided into three genetic types including exceptional richness of C?30 ,relative richness of C?30 and lower C?30 contents.By studying the distribution of sterane and terpane biomarkers in oil-source rock with relevant parameters,and carbon isotopic compositions of monomer hydrocarbon,based on source rock distribution and reservoir forming combination,it has been proved that Chang-7 high-quality sources are the main oil source rocks in Mesozoic reservoirs of Ordos Basin,and the black mudstones of Chang-7 and Chang-9 are the secondary source rocks,while the contribution of dark mudstone of Chang-6 and Chang-8 is limited.In conclusion,the Mesozoic oil supply is characterized by “one source is dominating, multiply sources are participated”.This study is significant in Mesozoic resource assessment and further exploration of Ordos Basin.

针对加油站油气回收在线监测流量计易堵塞、准确度低等问题,设计模拟试验,对现场使用较为广泛的流量计进行测试,定量研究安装方式、安装位置和真空泵类型对仪表测量精度的影响.结果表明:安装位置对流量计测量精度影响较大,泵前流量计测量值需进行压力和温度系数修正;流量计水平或竖直安装时测量误差很小,小于0.1L;真空泵产生的真空度越小,流量计的测量误差也越小.

苏里格南部和高桥高热演化地区古生界天然气具有乙烷等重烃组分含量低,大多数样品的湿气系数小于2％,天然气甲烷碳同位素组成显著偏重,乙烷等重烃组分碳同位素组成变化大等特征.热演化程度更高、甲烷碳同位素更重、湿气系数更低的东南部地区,古生界天然气均显示乙烷等重烃组分碳同位素异常偏轻、碳同位素倒转的特征.通常,当乙烷等重烃组分含量极低的高演化天然气混入少量乙烷等重烃组分含量高、碳同位素组成显著偏轻的天然气就可形成天然气的乙烷等重烃组分碳同位素异常偏轻、碳同位素倒转.早白垩世末盆地抬升阶段初期古地温降至相当于高-过成熟阶段的温度区间时,气源岩和储层中残余的少量液态烃的热裂解生成的天然气混入导致了乙烷等重烃组分碳同位素异常偏轻与碳同位素的倒转.因此,应以甲烷碳同位素组成作为主要指标、乙烷等重烃组分碳同位素组成作为参考指标,结合成藏地质条件进行高演化天然气的成因判识.提出了研究区古生界天然气以煤成气为主,并有一定数量油型气混入的认识.

鄂尔多斯盆地致密油不同于北美地区致密油，其突出特点是储层压力系数低，并且孔喉及渗流特征复杂，孔渗条件极差，属于典型的低压致密油藏，前期直井采用传统适度规模压裂技术改造单井产量低，难以实现经济有效开发。因此开展了自然能量及注水开发补充能量条件下的水平井体积压裂探索实践。文章介绍了综合应用井下微地震进行水平井体积压裂裂缝评价、体积压裂模拟研究、不同开发条件下的水平井体积压裂缝网匹配研究及现场试验分析等技术而形成的水平井体积压裂优化方案。现场试验效果分析显示，在低压致密油藏不同开发方式条件下，实现了体积压裂改造体积的优化控制，并与井网相匹配，取得了较好的开发效果，总体上单井产量提高8～10倍，为国内低压致密油资源探索出了一条成功之路。

Due to abundant resources, Shaximiao formation in the south of western Sichuan depression is the main exploration and development strata. At current, there are many gas reservoirs such as Pingluoba and Baimamiao, however, the research about prove?nance is relatively less. Based on the previous research results, through field observation, core description and thin section analy?sis, and combined with well logging data, provenance is discussed from deposition plane change, detrital component of clastic rock, debris types, heavy mineral combination and palaeocurrent. The research shows that there are two provenances in the south and middle of Longmenshan. In the south of Longmenshan, there is short axis provenance and occurs two provenance contributing re?gions of Dayi and Lushan, which mainly affect Dayi area to Yingjing area, furthermore, the sandstone is generally characterized by“rich debris and poor feldspar”and the debris is mainly sedimentary debris and carbonate debris, in addition, affected by long axis provenance in the middle of Longmenshan, the sandstone is generally characterized by“poor debris and rich feldspar”, and debris is a combination of igneous debris, metamorphics debris and carbonate debris in Pixian area to Xinjin area and Longquanyi area to Meishan area. Qionglai area to Danling area is affected by two provenances in the south and middle of Longmenshan.

天然气输气站场属于高危区域,如果对站场各种风险进行有效的管控,这就需要我们进一步开拓思路,创新工作方法,从而不断的提升员工素质和工作效率,进而提高站场风险管控能力,确保站场的安全平稳运行.本论文就从治理安全管理短板出发,不断开拓管理新思路,并结合相关体系文件要求,开展了一系列的风险管控尝试性工作,实现了设备管理、输气生产平稳运作.

JUNIN4区块属于超浅层、层状-块状超重油油藏,目的层浅、地层疏松,油田采用丛式大位移长水平段三维水平井钻井工程设计,垂深400 m左右,设计水平段长1 000 m,井深1 800~2 000 m,在如此浅层弱-非固结疏松砂岩地层进行超大位移三维水平井钻井设计在国内外都很少见,特别是水垂比达到3.5 以上的浅层"三维"水平井钻井在委内瑞拉重油带尚属首次,给钻井工程施工和井眼轨迹控制带来很大的难度和挑战.文章通过合理设计井身结构,优化井眼轨迹设计,运用三维井眼轨迹控制技术理论和浅层松软地层水平井钻井工艺技术,解决了目的层浅、造斜率高、水平段长、摩阻扭矩大、井眼轨迹控制难等技术难题,成功完成7 口浅层大位移三维水平井先导性试验井,满足了地质油藏需求,取得了较好的重油增产效果,对油田开发方案丛式井平台部署设计和技术推广具有重要意义.

双扩眼器井底小井眼消除技术是一种高效的随钻扩眼技术,钻进过程中不仅可使用MWD/LWD仪器高质量地测量底部井眼的井斜参数以及电阻率、伽马、密度等地质参数,而且钻进结束后可直接下入较大尺寸的尾管,无需额外的扩眼施工,从而缩短施工时间,节约成本。介绍了Rhino RHE井底小井眼消除系统的组成及Ro D工具的工作原理,阐述了双扩眼器井底小井眼消除技术在墨西哥湾深水环境下的应用效果,并指出施工前要进行Ro D工具安放位置对BHA方位趋势变化的影响、Ro D工具的意外开启和关闭以及水力学模拟分析,这样有助于提高作业成功率。最后建议加强与Ro D工具和Rhino RHE系统功能类似的扩眼器及扩眼技术的研发。

油气藏研究、管理与决策,是油田企业一项十分重要的日常工作,特别是当前面临勘探开发对象日趋复杂、资源品质劣质化程度加大和低油价的压力,对油气藏精细管理和决策优化提出了更高的要求.对数字化条件下油田企业级油气藏研究与决策一体化信息平台的构建与应用进行了探索研究,将现代信息技术与油气藏研究业务深度融合,开发建设了一体化、协同化、实时化、可视化的油气藏研究与决策支持系统(简称RDMS),其中包括数据整合、地质图元导航与图面作业、专业软件接口等关键技术,在油田勘探开发科研系统得到全面应用,实现了跨学科、跨部门、跨地域的协同研究与决策.

鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界主要发育致密砂岩气藏,已发现地质储量超过5万亿m3,勘探潜力大.文中通过盆地构造演化史分析,结合包裹体测温、锆石U-Pb定年、自生伊利石K-Ar测年等分析方法,明确了晚古生代以来构造演化对上古生界致密砂岩气藏的控制作用.研究表明:石炭纪-二叠纪沉积古地形平缓,构造沉降缓慢,形成了大面积分布的煤系烃源岩和砂岩储层;三叠纪-中侏罗世快速沉降,压实作用及硅质胶结作用明显,水岩作用强,致密砂岩储层形成;晚侏罗世-早白垩世构造活动强烈,伴随构造-热事件的发生,天然气大量生成并运聚成藏,致密气藏形成;早白垩世末-现今地层抬升剥蚀,天然气散失,低压气藏形成.

EM套管天线遥测技术可克服传统EM遥测技术的局限性,为高地层电阻率、信号衰减和堵漏材料堵塞脉冲器问题提供了有效的解决途径.与传统EM遥测技术相比,EM套管天线技术可大幅度减少信号衰减,提高信噪比,显著增大EM遥测技术的作业深度,并拓宽其应用范围.现场应用结果表明,EM套管天线遥测技术有效解决了高电阻率地层传统EM遥测技术的信号衰减和堵漏材料堵塞脉冲器的问题,缩短了非生产时间,提高了钻井效率.鉴于目前的随钻地震技术由于信号衰减,也存在深度限制的问题,建议将EM套管天线遥测技术应用于随钻地震,从而有力推动随钻地震技术的工程化应用.

There developed thick gypsum-salt strata in the Lower Paleozoic Ordovician in the Ordos Basin, particularly gypsum-salt in the 6th segment of the 5th member of Majiagou Fm (O1m56) in a wide distribution, serving as a good regional cap. Recent drilling and relevant studies have proven that the hydrocarbon-generating capacity of the marine-facies hydrocarbon source rocks under the Ordovician salt layers in the eastern Basin is poor on the whole, making it difficult to form ”self-generating and self-preserving type” commercial gas reservoirs under the salt layer in Mizhi salt subsag. However, further research on reservoir-forming conditions under the gypsolyte on the west side of the salt subsag indicates that the O1m57 – O1m510 strata near the east side of the palaeo-uplift contact directly with the Upper Paleozoic coal measure source rocks, forming a “hydrocarbon supply window”; the Yanshan Movement caused the tectonic inversion of the basin main body, resulting in the tectonic framework “high in the east and low in the west”, which is conductive to the further migration of natural gas generated by the Upper Paleozoic coal measures to the updip high position of the east side along the O1m57 – O1m510 carrier beds after entering the dolomite reservoir under the gypsolyte through the “hydrocarbon–supply window”. In addition, the facies changes in the dolomite rocks under the gypsum-salt provide favorable barrier condition for the regional gathering of natural gas. Therefore, it is concluded through comprehensive analysis that reservoirs may form beneath the Ordovician gypsolith in the central region of the basin on the west side of the salt subsag with hydrocarbon supplied from the Upper Paleozoic source rocks of coal measures, which is expected to open up a new situation of natural gas exploration under the Ordovician gypsum-salt layer in the Ordos Basin.

Located in the mid-east region of Yishan slope in Ordos basin,Tieping 7 wellblock is a typical low permeability reservoir with basal ground water. It is characterized as thin oil layer,poor physical property and low deliverability of single well. Comparative analysis of used horizontal and vertical wells shows that horizontal wells can slow down the side bottom water breakthrough,increase drainable area,and improve production of single well.So horizontal wells can be used to enhance productivity and raise economic efficiency significantly in low permeability reservoir.

通过主量元素、微量元素及稀土元素等地球化学分析手段,结合前人的研究成果,对鄂尔多斯盆地南部铜川组物源进行研究.碎屑岩地球化学特征分析结果表明,研究区碎屑岩主要为杂砂岩和岩屑砂岩.稀土元素标准化配分曲线呈轻稀土明显富集、重稀土平坦和弱Eu异常特征.沉积物源岩的原始物质应来自上地壳,以长英质岩石为主.常量和微量元素构造判别图显示物源区构造背景为活动大陆边缘和大陆岛弧.结合前人碎屑锆石研究成果,鄂尔多斯盆地南部铜川组碎屑物质主要来自早期沉积再循环,其初始沉积物质来自华北北缘,秦岭没有为鄂尔多斯盆地南缘铜川组沉积期提供物源.

The Ordovician Majiagou Formation mainly consists of carbonate rocks originally deposited and karst bareccia.The reservoir space is mainly secondary pores.After deposition dissolution,dolomitization,desiccation,physical compaction,karstification and cementation soon began.Cementation,which mainly occurred under the burial conditions after the middle Carboniferous,is common and important destructional dianenesis for reservoirs.The micritic,equant sparry and poikilotopic calcite and dolomite,infilling moldic pores of anhydrite concretion,and non-fabric selective dissolution pores and fractures,are common cements.The δ18O and δ13C values of micritic dolomite range from-10.98‰ to-0.8‰,averaging-5.54‰;and from-4.76‰ to 5.77‰,averaging 1.51‰,respectively.The δ18O and δ13C values of dolomite cements infilling dissolution pores range from-12.54‰ to-2.67‰,averaging-7.34‰;and from-5.56‰ to 3.48‰,averaging 0.28‰ respectively.The δ18O and δ13C values of calcite cements infilling dissolution pores range from-15.42‰ to-6.02‰,averaging-9.51‰;and from-12.44‰ to 1.33‰,averaging-3.20‰,respectively.The δ18O and δ13C values of dolomite and calcite cements are generally lower than of micritic dolomite,because of late formation,fresh water leaching,burial diagenesis and influence of organic materials.The Na,Sr,Fe and Mn content of micritic dolomite,dolomite cements and calcite cements ranges from 0 to 350 μg/g,averaging 59 μg/g;from 0 to 380 μg/g,averaging 10 μg/g;from 0 to 14 570 μg/g,averaging 1 040μg/g;and from 0 to 4 670 μg/g,averaging 183 μg/g,respectively.The Na,Sr,and Mn content of dolomite and calcite cements is similar with that of micritic dolomite,because all trace elements content is low.Fe content of dolomite and calcite cements is higher than that of micritic dolomite.The homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in the cements range 90~140℃.All indicates that the cements formed under reduced conditions with high temperature in the deep burial environments.The most gaseous phase of the fluid inclusions consists of CH4,while the most liquid phase is H2O.The early and late cements formed before and later formation of the natural gas respectively.The cementation developed extensively in the kart depressions.