4月10日,湖南省政府副省长何报翔率省市场监管局、省文化和旅游厅等单位相关负责人赴平江县检查市场监管领域安全工作.何报翔在检查过程中强调:各级市场监管部门要切实加强食品、药品、特种设备、重点工业产品等质量安全监管,坚决守住产品质量安全的底线、红线、高压线.省政府办公厅巡视员罗建军、省市场监管局局长向曙光参加调研.

6月20日,2019年全国食品安全宣传周湖南启动仪式暨“双安双创”现场会在浏阳市举行.旨在进一步普及食品安全知识,大力营造全社会关心支持参与食品安全工作的良好氛围,推进社会共治,让生活更美好.湖南省人民政府副省长何报翔出席会议并讲话.省人民政府办公厅巡视员罗建军、省市场监管局局长向曙光等出席,活动由省食安办主任、省市场监管局党组书记刘湘凌主持.

2017年6月2日,湖南省食药监局党组书记、局长刘湘凌带队深入长沙市宁乡县、望城区调研指导长沙国家食品安全示范城市创建工作.省食药监局副局长李赤群参加调研.

Ovule abortion of tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia was divided into 3 phases.Initial phase occurred between 5 days and 30 days after coronal opening,zygote in dormancy,and the average abortion rate was 51.9%.The abortion ovules had less volume without embryo and displayed deep yellow color,belonging to ovule abortion without embryo.This abortion could be related to physiological fruit drop.Middle phase abortion occurred between 30 days and 50 days after coronal opening,with spherical embryo and heart-shaped embryo formed.The average abortion rate was 30.2%,abortion ovules had less volume and displayed deep yellow part of surface with yellow-transparent liquid on the margin.Around 33.2% of the abortion ovules possessed embryo.Last phase abortion occurred after 50 days after coronal opening,with cotyledonary embryo having gradually formed,and the average abortion rate was 72.6%.The abortion ovule was shriveled,had less volume,and displayed deep yellow color.Approximately 70.8% for abortion ovules had embryo.Middle and last phase abortion belonged to the ovule abortion that was either with embryo or without embryo,and the abortion was mainly caused by death and abnormal of young embryo.In the ovule development period 15 days after coronal opening,the contents of growth-promoting endogenous hormones(GA3,IAA) in abortion ovules were always lower than in normal ovules,and the content of growth-restraining endogenous hormone(ABA) and the ratio of ABA /(IAA + GA3) for abortion ovules were always higher than that for normal ovules.The results suggested that the abnormal endogenous hormones were likely a cause of the ovule abortion of tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia.

为了探索四倍体刺槐叶片不同叶龄的营养价值、叶层生物量、叶绿素含量和叶形生长发育的变化规律以及它们相互之间的关系,从叶片开始生长每隔10 d对四倍体刺槐1个叶龄期叶片进行叶形测量并采样进行叶绿素和营养分析.结果表明:四倍体刺槐叶片的营养价值在45 d叶龄前较好,相同叶龄叶片的营养价值是生长中期高于生长末期;35-45 d叶龄的叶层生物量达到了最商;幼嫩叶片的叶绿素含量低,随着叶龄的增长,叶绿素含量不断增加,达到高峰,随后叶子衰老,叶绿素含量下降;相同叶龄不同生长时期叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b及总叶绿素含量也存在差异;叶片形状在20 d叶龄前生长迅速,其后生长缓慢;叶龄与叶片粗脂肪、粗灰分,钙含量、叶长和叶面积(长×宽)呈正相关;相同叶龄叶片的粗蛋白和磷含量与不同生长时期呈负相关.

In order to explain clearly the variation status of embryo from tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia(TRP) and fully use the variation resource initiated in the sexual reproduction of TRP in the further improvement of TRP,The classification and vitalities of seed embryos from tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia(TRP) were studied.According to the cotyledon number,color and plumpness,the seed embryos of TRP could be divided into 5 types:YVT(yellow,very replete,2 cotyledons),YMT(yellow,more replete,3 cotyledons),YRF(yellow,replete,4 cotyledons),GNT(green,no-replete,2 cotyledons) and WNT(white,no-replete,2 cotyledons).The average individual embryo weight of 5 types was close to half of seed embryo weight of diploid Robinia pseudoacacia(DRP).The results of flow cytometry(FCM)show that YVT,YMT and YRF sampled embryos were still tetraploid.The content of soluble protein(SP) and activity of peroxidase(AFP) of TPR seed embryos were remarkably lower than DRP seed embryos but higher than GNT and WNT type seed embryos.By the evaluation index of seed embryo vitality based on the rate of callus induction of TPR embryos,the higher the SP and AFP of seed embryo were the higher their vitality.While both SP and AFP of TRP seed embryos were lower than 30%of corresponding index of DRP seed embryos,the seed embryos of TRP would lose their vitality and therefore'lower than 30% was critical index for seed embryo of TRP to keep living.For both SP and AFP of YVT,YMT and YRF embryo were higher than 30%of corresponding index of DRP seed embryos,callus was induced from all of them when they were cultured on medium;and thereby they were living.Among them the callus-induce-rate of YVT seed embryo was the highest(average:57.8%),as a result,its vitality was the most vigorous.And so far seedlings from the three types of seed embryo had been raised.In contrast,for both SP and AFP of DNT and WNT embryo were lower than 30%of corresponding index of DRP seed embryos,no callus was induced from all of them;and this means that their cell vitality had been lost overall.The better callus-induce medium for seed embryos was MS complemented with 2,4-D 2.0mg/L and 6-BA 0.5mg/L.

The research progress of plant embryo abortion published in past years were reviewed in this paper in two aspect, that is, the embryo abortion mechanism and the affecting factor of its saving by culture in vitro. To view from apparatus development, physiological and biochemical indexes and genetics, the causes of embryo abortion including the abnormal developments of gastrula and endosperm, the origin of embryo, maladjustment of nutrient supplement and endogenesis hormone, hydroxybenzene and the variation of some enzymes activity and gene regulation. Due to the diversity of embryo abortion,saving became more difficultly. The facts concerning embryo saving were summarized, which comprised the explants and treatment, embryo age, medium and culture conditions, osmotic pressure, complementary materials. Based on the analysis of above, the possible direction for further researching、the problems and potential prospects of saving technology were discussed.

In order to preserve the variation materials from autopolyploid of Robinia pseudoacacia to a maximum extent,promotion measures of the seed germination are explored.The results are as follows.1) Dipping seeds in 90℃ water for 24 hours raised significantly the germination rate of seeds.Average germination rate was 5% and the highest germination rate was 5.5%.2) Using PEG treatment,the germination rate dropped down,average germination rate was 1.11% and the highest germination rate was 3.33%.3) 5-aza cytidine promoted seeds germination.250 μmol/L of 5-aza cytidine and(24——)48 hours of treatment time were a good project and the average germination rate was 5.6%.4) The better process of promoting seed germination by tissue culture was that seeds were dipped in 10% H_2O_2 for 24 hours,in 5 mg/L GA_3 for 6 hours,in 7 mg/L NAA for 6 hours and finally the seeds were inoculated on MS and 1/2MS media.The average germination rate was 5.5% and the highest germination rate was 6.0%.5) Seed embryos were started and developed with cotyledons opening and changing into green after they were inoculated on MS medium.

Variations of the floret anlage differentiation and mature phenotype of both diploid Robinia pseudoacacia (DRP) and tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia (TRP) were observed with optic and scan electron microscopes. The differentiation processes and phenotype characters were found as the following. The number and symmetry of bracts, sepals, petals and ovaries of floret were the same in both DRP and TRP with ↑K(5)C5A(9)+1, G (1∶1∶∞), while the dimensions of the all organs in TRP were bigger than those in DRP. The floret anlages differentiated in turn into calyx → petal → stamen → pistil, which had no obvious difference from Papilionaceae plants. Compared with DRP, TRP had bigger epidermis cells in bract, sepal and petal, with more velvet surface, thicker-harder-longer epidermis hair on their epidermis (except abaxial surface of calyx), and fatter edge. In TRP, the pollen was chubbier, pollen sac more spatial, stigma plate bigger, stigma more secretion, both filament and style and their epidermis cells longer than DRP. There were remarkable variations in the shape, volume, location and number of bourgeon-hole channels and veins on surface of pollen among pollens of TRP. The pollen of TRP was larger than DRP and the shape, character of bourgeon-hole channel and veins on surface of pollens of TRP were also different from those of DRP. Based on comprehensive analysis of above variations, the implications of these variations in Genetics and Breeding were discussed.

The abortion rate of young embryo,which originates from varied genetic material and plays an important role in black locust breeding,of tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia is high.It is necessary to work out how to improve germination of these abortional young embryos by culture in vitro for black locust breeding.Therefore the test to save abortional young embryos which were in different development stages,of tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia by culture in vitro was conducted.The results indicated that(1) The suitable stage for ovule culture was 30 days after being pollinated and the embryos' culture-response-rate was 47.7%;(2) The suitable development substrates for ovule culture in vitro was Nitsch+6-BA 0.5mg/L+IBA 2 mg/L+ GA3 0.5 mg/L;(3) On the efficient substrates for inducing callus from young embryo,the callus-inducing rate was 38.6% and some adventitious buds were induced;(4) The callus anatomy showed that the proliferation growth of young embryo callus of tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia mainly originated from inner of callus.

提高校园绿化植物的物种多样性和保护力度是优化校园环境的核心。通过对校园植物生长情况、环境的调查和认真分析,为学校建设提出可行的合理化建议。

The factors influencing callus induction, plant regeneration from mature embryo of buffalograss and the explant sterilization were studied. The optimal method to obtain the sterile explant is that mature embryo was dipped in 70% ethanol for 60 s, then it was soaked in 75% diluent of NaClO for 30 min, in which 7%~10% chlorine is availed. The callus was induced easily in Murashige and Skoog (1962) (MS) basal medium supplemented with 1.5~3 mg/L 2,4-D. And the callus induction rate reaches to 80.27% with 3 mg/L 2,4-D, but the callus structure is loose. While the quality of the callus cultured in the induction medium with 5 mg/L silver nitrate (AgNO 3) or silver thiosulfate (STS) is better than others. The ingredients in the subculture medium such as three-quarter dosage of macro elements of MS, Polyvinylpyrrol idone (PVP)200 mg/L, vitamin C(Vc) 200 mg/L as well as CH 1000 mg/L mitigated the degree of callus browning, although no significant difference was detected. Plant regeneration of buffalograss was obtained from the callus initiated on the medium containing STS, and the regeneration rate reaches to 10%.