HepG2 cells were cultured into liver organoids (more native liver-like than 2D cultures) and integrated into a microfluidic chip, which regulates flow, nutrients, and waste to simulate in vivo hepatic microcirculation. Key findings: Cadmium (Cd) exposure shows a positive dose-response with liver damage; 40 ng/mL selenium (Se) alleviates 3 sets of liver biochemical dysfunctions under 40 μg/mL Cd co-exposure, but 160/640 ng/mL Se diminishes this protection. Metabolomics (40 μg/mL Cd vs. 640 ng/mL Se+Cd) identified two mechanisms: high Se induces oxidative stress and disrupts liver cellular metabolism. This study provides data/theory for rational Se use against Cd-induced liver dysfunction. The platform integrates organoid/organ-on-a-chip assessments with microfluidic metabolomics (a cross-scale toxicological system) and informs 3D cell model development.

This study aims to provide technical support for the development of a rational administration strategy for indoor environment and passenger flow of stations. The analysis was conducted monitor data of long distance bus stations and train/high speed railway stations from the National project. The monitor and surveyed data included indoor airborne culturable bacteria (IAB), passenger flow, area and height of stations. Data analysis involved the use of paired non-parametric tests, correlation analysis, and mixed linear regression methods. A total of 132 pairs of stations were examined in this study. Additionally, significant variations were observed in the monitoring results for the IAB and passenger flow between 2019 and 2020 (p < 0.05). Specifically, the median values of these two factors in 2020 decreased by 50.52% and 48.33%, respectively, compared to 2019. (p < 0.05). A positive relationship between the daily average passenger flow and the IAB in long distance bus stations and train stations, particularly pronounced with medium sized waiting rooms, which located in subtropical cities with a general level of economic development. The mixed effect regression analysis revealed a significant association between passenger flow (OR = 1.564, 1.288-1.898), per capita volume (OR = 0.856, 0.733-0.998), and per capita area (OR = 0.806, 0.678-0.956) with the IAB (p < 0.05) just in long distance bus stations. It is crucial to regulate passenger flow and per capita area in the waiting room of long distance bus stations to mitigate the spread of airborne culturable bacteria during infectious disease epidemics.

An investigation was conducted by researchers on how dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and polystyrene microplastics (PS-MP) influence the development of pneumonia using a mouse model. For a duration of five weeks, the mice were subjected to exposure of DBP (30 mg/kg/day) and PS-MP (0.1 mg/day). The findings indicated notable pathological alterations in airway tissues, increased oxidative stress levels, and intensified inflammation, thereby establishing a connection between plastic pollution and pneumonia. Further examination indicated the involvement of ferroptosis and oxidative stress in the progression of the disease. Administration of deferoxamine (DFO) (100 mg/kg) resulted in symptom relief and reduced pathological alterations, as validated by metabolomic investigations. Increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggered a Th2-mediated eosinophilic inflammatory response, marked by elevated IL-4 and reduced IFN-γ via the NFκB pathway. Moreover, analyses of the gut microbiome and metabolomics demonstrated that PPD modifies microbial populations and pulmonary metabolism, linking its effects on pneumonia through the gut-lung axis. This research highlights the health hazards associated with plastic pollution and proposes a framework for tackling these issues.

Selenium (Se) is physiologically essential for thyroid function. However, epidemiological studies on the association between Se status and thyroid function are limited and the results are inconsistent. Therefore, we explored this association in an elderly Chinese population sample. Participants in the cross-sectional study were people aged 65 years or older who provided fingernail and whole blood samples. Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism were defined by serum thyroid hormones concentrations, including thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total triiodothyronine (TT3), total thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine (FT3), and free thyrotropin (FT4). Significant positive association was observed between whole blood and fingernail Se concentrations (r = 0.672, P < 0.001). Compared with the lowest Se quartile (Q1), the other fingernail Se quartile groups had lower TSH, higher FT3 and FT4 levels, and Q2 had higher TT3 levels after adjusting for covariates; the other whole blood Se quartile groups had lower TSH levels, Q2 had higher FT3, FT4 and TT3 levels, Q3 had higher FT3 levels, and Q4 had higher FT4 levels after adjusting for covariates. Compared with Q1, the adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) of hypothyroidism for Q4 of whole blood Se was 0.141 (0.029,0.675), and the adjusted OR (95%CIs) of hyperthyroidism for Q2 and Q3 of fingernail Se were 4.121 (1.233,13.733) and 3.614 (1.095,11.926). Higher Se levels were significantly associated with lower TSH levels and higher levels of TT3, FT3 and FT4. Meanwhile, higher Se levels were associated with lower risk of hypothyroidism and higher risk of hyperthyroidism.

BackgroundBacteria are the most diverse and widely sourced microorganisms in the indoor air of subway stations, where pathogenic bacteria can spread through the air, leading to increased health risks. ObjectiveTo understand the status and distribution characteristics of indoor air bacterial pollution in subway stations and compartments in a city of Central South China, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating intervention measures to address indoor air bacteria pollution in subways. MethodsThree subway stations and the compartments of trains parking there in a city in Central South China were selected according to passenger flow for synchronous air sampling and monitoring. Temperature, humidity, wind speed, carbon dioxide (CO2), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and inhalable particulate matter (PM10) were measured by direct reading method. In accordance with the requirements of Examination methods for public places-Part 3: Airborne microorganisms (GB/T 18204.3-2013), air samples were collected at a flow rate of 28.3 L·min−1, and total bacterial count was estimated. Bacterial microbial species were identified with a mass spectrometer and pathogenic bacteria were distinguished from non-pathogenic bacteria according to the Catalogue of pathogenic microorganisms transmitted to human beings issued by National Health Commission. Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the subway hygiene indicators in different regions and time periods, and Bonferroni test was used for pairwise comparison. Spearman correlation test was used to evaluate the correlation between CO2 concentration and total bacterial count. ResultsThe pass rates were 100.0% for airborne total bacteria count, PM2.5, and PM10 in the subway stations and train compartments, 94.4% for temperature and wind speed, 98.6% for CO2, but 0% for humidity. The overall median (P25, P75) total bacteria count was 177 (138,262) CFU·m−3. Specifically, the total bacteria count was higher in station halls than in platforms, and higher during morning peak hours than during evening peak hours (P<0.05). A total of 874 strains and 82 species were identified by automatic microbial mass spectrometry. The results of identification were all over 9 points, and the predominant bacteria in the air were Micrococcus luteus (52.2%) and Staphylococcus hominis (9.8%). Three pathogens, Acinetobacter baumannii (0.3%), Corynebacterium striatum (0.1%), and Staphylococcus epidermidis bacilli (2.2%) were detected in 23 samples (2.6%), and the associated locations were mainly distributed in train compartments during evening rush hours. ConclusionThe total bacteria count in indoor air varies by monitoring sites of subway stations and time periods, and there is a risk of opportunistic bacterial infection. Attention should be paid to cleaning and disinfection during peak passenger flow hours in all areas.

Population-based studies on the association between cadmium (Cd) exposure and thyroid function are limited and have shown conflicting results. Two independent cross-sectional studies using different Cd biomarkers were carried out in six rural areas with different soil Cd levels in China. Thyroid dysfunction was defined based on levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4). Multivariable linear regression, multiple logistic regression, and restrictive cubic splines models were used to estimate the association between Cd and thyroid dysfunction. For both of the two independent studies, higher Cd levels were observed to be associated with lower TSH levels and higher risk of thyroid dysfunction. The negative relationship between urinary Cd and TSH was found in both total participants (β = − 0.072, p = 0.008) and males (β = − 0.119, p = 0.020) but not in females; however, the negative relationship between blood Cd and TSH was only found in females (β = − 0.104, p = 0.024). Higher urinary Cd was associated with higher risk of thyroid dysfunction (OR = 1.77, p = 0.031), while higher blood Cd was associated with higher risk of thyroid dysfunction (OR = 1.95, p = 0.011). Results from the two independent cross-sectional studies consistently suggested that higher Cd levels were associated with sex-specific thyroid dysfunction.

Indoor air quality (IAQ) of urban public transportation stations (UPTS) has adverse health impacts on the station employees and commuters. However, there is a lack of comprehensively evaluations of IAQ in waiting rooms of UPTS. Therefore, it is crucial to select appropriate air quality indexes (including fuzzy synthetic index (B), comprehensive index (P), I1 index, and indoor air quality index (IAQI)) to assess air quality and potential health risks. Our study is a subsample of the CPPEHS 2019 study, which included 224 UPTS in 126 cities of China. We found that P index showed an excellent air quality rate of 95.96% in the railway stations and 83.19% in the inter-city bus stations. The P index was correlated with UPTS usage years, useable area, and per passenger useable area. Furthermore, waiting rooms in UPTS with good (OR = 1.9187, 95% CI: 1.1204, 3.2859) and bad (OR = 2.0854, 95% CI: 1.2182, 3.5698) air quality evaluated by P index had a higher risk of rhinitis compared to those with excellent air quality. Similarly, UPTS with good (OR = 2.2202, 95% CI: 1.3427, 3.6711), bad (OR = 1.7897, 95% CI: 1.0807, 2.9637), and serious (OR = 1.7478, 95% CI: 1.0098, 3.0250) air quality evaluated by P index were associated with a higher risk of pharyngitis. These findings suggested that P index is the optimal index for assessing air quality in UPTS, while IAQI may exaggerate indoor air pollution and the B index may underestimate it. Overall, this study aims to identify and evaluate the more suitable air quality index (P) in nationwide UPTS, providing valuable insights for control of IAQ and guiding the air quality management and standards.

目的 探讨我国成人镉暴露与肾损伤早期效应标志物的敏感性,推导尿镉的基准剂量(Benchmark dose,BMD)及其95％的可信限下限值(The lower 95％ confidence limit of BMD,BMDL05),为镉暴露致人群健康危害防治提供参考依据.方法 从我国典型镉污染区选择469名成人为研究对象,采用面对面询问的形式收集研究人群的基本信息.采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法检测尿镉浓度,采用5800全自动生化分析仪测定尿肌酐、尿N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖(NAG)和β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)含量.分别采用x2检验和方差分析对分类资料和连续资料进行统计分析,采用限制性立方样条模型拟合尿镉与β2-MG和NAG水平的暴露-反应关系,应用BMDS 2.7软件计算尿镉的BMD/BMDL05值,采用logistic回归模型分析尿镉水平与肾损伤患病风险的相关性.结果 研究对象尿镉、β2-MG和NAG的浓度分别为(5.16±3.48)μg/g Cr、(324.03±57.97)μg/g Cr 和(12.63±8.65)U/g Cr.尿镉与β2-MG 和 NAG 水平均呈正相关关系(P均＜0.05).β2-MG和NAG的异常率分别为8.72％和23.67％,当以NAG或β2-MG之一超标被判别为肾损伤时,异常率为27.72％.随着尿镉水平的升高,β2-MG和NAG结合的异常率呈上升趋势.较高尿镉水平与肾损伤的患病风险增加有关.当β2-MG或NAG超标被判别为肾损伤时,与最低四分位组相比,最高分位组的OR值(95％CI)为2.040(1.119～3.722).分别以β2-MG和NAG作为肾损伤效应指标时,尿镉的BMD/BMDL05值分别为6.51/4.59 μg/g Cr 和 3.99/3.43 μg/g Cr,当联合β2-MG 和 NAG 时,尿镉的 BMD/BMDL05值为 5.09/1.36 μg/g Cr.结论 镉污染区肾损伤效应指标NAG较β2-MG敏感,应考虑联合多项肾功能指标推导尿镉基准剂量.

To investigate the relationship between selenium (Se) based multi-element combined exposure and cognitive function in rural elderly individuals, a cross-sectional study was conducted. The study involved 416 older adults aged 60 and above, residing in four different areas of Enshi county, China, with varying soil Se levels. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was employed to measure the concentrations of Se, copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb) in whole blood. Nine standard cognitive tests were applied to assess cognitive function. Analysis of the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression (LASSO), covariance (ANCOVA), and generalized linear model (GLM) were utilized to investigate the relationship between element exposure and cognitive function. The results of LASSO revealed that Se, Cu, Fe, Zn, Ca, and Pb were independently identified to be associated with cognition. Both ANCOVA and GLM demonstrated that Se and Ca were correlated with cognitive function. The multi-element model showed higher composite Z scores of 0.32 (95% CI: 0.09 to 0.55) for log-transformed Se ( P = 0.007), 0.75 (95% CI: 0.01 to 1.49) for log-transformed Cu ( P = 0.048), and a lower score of − 0.67 (95% CI: − 1.26 to − 0.08) for log-transformed Ca ( P = 0.025). Furthermore, there was evidence that Se could counteract the negative impact of Ca on cognitive function ( P for interaction = 0.031). Our findings suggested that higher levels of Se and Cu were associated with better cognitive function in the elderly and Se can counteract the cognitive damage caused by Ca.

Background: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are typical residential pollutants mainly from biofuel combus-tion that impose inevitable risk to children. The PAHs in residential dust is universal in most Chinese households withan obvious public health concern.Methods: In this observational study, a total of 235 residential dust samples from 8 Chinese cities (Panjin, Shijiazhuang,Lanzhou, Luoyang, Xi'an, Wuxi, Mianyang, and Shenzhen) were collected from April 2018 to March 2019, which wereextracted and analyzed for 16 priority PAHs by HPLC/FD-UV. Diagnostic ratios, hierarchical clustering analysis andprincipal component analysis were applied simultaneously for source apportionments. Incremental lifetime cancerrisk was employed to estimate children's health risks based on the assumed exposure scenarios. Spearman correlation,Mann-WhitneyUtest, Kruskal-WallisHtest and Partial Least Squares were used to screen the factors affecting the con-centration of PAHs in residential dust.Results:The median concentration of n-ary sumation 16PAHs in residential dust from 8 cities was 44.11 mu g/g (0.04 - 355.79 mu g/g). n-ary sumation 16PAHs were found both higher in dust samples in heating season and from downwind households only in Mianyang(p<0.05). The leading two sources of PAHs were combustion processes and automobile exhaust emissions based onfour principal components that accounted for 74.29 % of the total variance. Indoor air environmental factors, house-hold characteristics, and residents' behavioral lifestyles may be the influencing factors of residential dust PAHs. Thecarcinogenic risk of children aged 0 - 5 years, under the moderate exposure level of PAHs in residential dust, exceededthe acceptable level (10-5-10-4for dermal contact and 10-6-10-5for ingestion)Conclusions: There was serious PAHs pollution in residential dust under actual living conditions in eight cities acrossChina. More evidence-based measures were needed to control PAHs pollution to safeguard children's health accordingto appointed sources and influencing factors in residential dus

目的 了解我国火车和长途汽车候车室室内环境微生物污染现状,探讨候车室室内空气及物体表面微生物污染的主要影响因素.方法 利用2021年度"全国公共场所健康危害因素监测项目"中177家汽车站候车室,89家火车站候车室的监测数据.采用Mann-Whitney U检验和 χ2检验比较不同分组之间空气菌落总数、空气真菌总数、物体表面菌落总数及超标率的差异.采用Logistic回归分析微生物污染水平的主要影响因素.结果 南方长途汽车站候车室室内空气菌落总数及超标率均低于北方,空气真菌总数和座椅扶手表面菌落总数超标率高于北方;南方火车站候车室室内空气真菌总数及超标率均高于北方(P<0.05).未发现候车室室内空气菌落总数、空气真菌总数和物体表面菌落总数存在季节差异.多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:汽车站候车室室内空气真菌总数、座椅扶手菌落总数分别与温度和相对湿度均呈正相关,OR(95％CI)值分别为1.05(1.01～1.10)和1.03(1.02～1.06)、1.10(1.03～1.17)和1.02(1.01～1.04);火车站候车室室内空气真菌总数与相对湿度呈正相关,OR(95％CI)值为1.04(1.02～1.07).结论 我国火车和长途汽车站候车室室内微生物水平存在较大的南北差异,室内环境微生物的增加与温度和相对湿度增加有关.

Objective:A nested-PCR assay is developed to detect and identify the genomic DNA of Brucella vaccine A19 strain. Methods:The whole genomic sequences of Brucella vaccine A19 strain and other Brucella spp. strains were compared and analyzed. The primers were designed by nucleotide difference sites. The nested-PCR assay was established to detect and identify Brucella vaccine A19 strain. The genomic DNA of Brucella vaccine A19 strain was extracted and diluted. The diluted template DNA was tested for sensitivity of using nested-PCR assay. And the specificity of nested-PCR assay was tested for the genomic DNA of other Brucella spp. strains and non- Brucella spp. strains. Results:The minimum detection limit of the nested-PCR assay was 3.43 fg. The nested-PCR assay established for amplification of Brucella vaccine A19 strain showed 246 bp electrophoresis bands, while other Brucella spp. strains showed 314 bp electrophoresis bands, and non- Brucella spp. strains did not produce electrophoresis bands. Conclusions:The nested-PCR assay established has the characteristics of high sensitivity and specificity. It can be detected when there is one copy of Brucella vaccine A19 strain genomic DNA in the reaction system. This method is particularly suitable for the detection and identification of trace genomic DNA of Brucella vaccine A19 strain in sample.

Cadmium (Cd) exposure in humans primarily occurs through dietary intake, with conventional one-compartment toxicokinetic (TK) models linking dietary Cd intake to urinary Cd ( U Cd ) levels, predominantly in Western populations with low background exposure. However, the applicability of this model to regions with high dietary Cd intake, particularly from rice consumption, remains uncertain. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive population-based survey involving 686 individuals from a typical Cd-polluted area and 296 from a non-polluted area in China, where rice serves as the staple food in both regions. Additionally, we selected 34 individuals from the polluted area for a 27-month intervention, during which home-grown high-Cd rice was replaced with low-Cd rice available in the market. We closely monitored temporal changes in Cd concentration and stable isotope signatures in urine samples. The adults in the polluted area had much higher dietary Cd intakes (mean 58.5 µg kg −1 body weight month −1 ) and U Cd (geometric mean 6.1 µg g −1 creatinine) than those in the non-polluted area. There was a robust dose–response relationship ( R 2 = 0.67, n = 982) between U Cd and β2-microglobulin, a biomarker of renal tubular impairment. The intervention reveals that a considerable proportion of Cd rapidly exuded after recent dietary intake, contradicting the conventional TK model. The modified TK model incorporating the direct blood-urine allocation greatly improved the association between dietary Cd intake and U Cd . These results underscore the potential for high dietary Cd intake through rice in China to cause dose-dependent kidney damage. The modified TK model offers a reliable framework to estimate Cd-related thresholds and associated health risks for populations reliant on rice-based diets.

目的 了解我国宾馆(酒店)空气甲醛污染现状以及与从业人员呼吸系统症状之间的相关性.方法 依据全国公共场所健康危害因素监测项目实施方案采集2016—2021年全国31个省(自治区、直辖市)和新疆生产建设兵团的10472家宾馆(酒店)空气样本,对从业人员进行问卷调查,了解基本情况和呼吸系统不适症状.共收集问卷108330份.率的比较采用卡方检验,相关性分析采用Logistic回归分析.结果 2016—2021年我国宾馆(酒店)从业人员以女性为主,男女比例为1:5,呼吸系统自报症状阳性率为16.26％(17612/108330),不同人口学特征的从业人员呼吸系统自报症状阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001).2016—2021年,我国宾馆(酒店)空气甲醛浓度M(P25,P75)为0.033(0.020,0.060)mg/m3;不同年份之间宾馆(酒店)空气甲醛检出超标率差异有统计学意义(χ2=193.68,P<0.001).多因素Logistics回归分析结果显示,女性、大专及以上、工龄≥6 a,每日工作时长≥6 h、吸烟、饮酒、装修、通风较差、甲醛浓度>0.10 mg/m3是宾馆(酒店)从业人员呼吸系统健康的危险因素,OR(95％CI)值分别为1.30(1.23,1.37)、1.29(1.18,1.42)、1.17(1.13,1.22)、2.77(1.71,4.51)、1.20(1.12,1.29)、1.90(1.81,1.99)、1.15(1.11,1.19)、3.69(3.54,3.84)、1.11(1.04,1.19).结论 宾馆(酒店)空气甲醛污染与从业人员呼吸系统自报症状之间存在正相关关系,同时应关注不同人口学特征及行为因素等对健康的影响.

Objective:To establish a quantitative real-time PCR detection system for Brucella S2 vaccine strain. Methods:Based on the differences in the entire genome sequence between Brucella S2 vaccine strain and other reference strains of Brucella, primers and probes were designed to establish a quantitative real-time PCR detection system for Brucella S2 vaccine strain. The DNA of 22 reference strains of Brucella and 8 non- Brucella control strains were obtained from the National Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. At the same time, environmental samples were obtained from the brucellosis vaccine manufacturers, and bacterial DNA from environmental samples was extracted using a blood/tissue genomic DNA extraction kit. The obtained DNA was pre-amplified by conventional PCR, and then subjected to quantitative real-time PCR secondary amplification (nested fluorescence quantitative PCR) using the amplified PCR product as a template. The specific fluorescence curve and corresponding number of cycles (Ct value) were observed, and the sensitivity was tested. Results:The quantitative real-time PCR detection system established did not detect specific fluorescence curves (without Ct values) for 21 reference strains of Brucella and 8 non- Brucella control strains, except for S2 vaccine strains. The established detection system had a minimum detection limit of 4.34 fg (genomic DNA) for detecting the DNA of Brucella S2 vaccine strain; DNA of Brucella S2 vaccine strain was detected in 3 of the 14 environmental samples collected. Conclusion:The quantitative real-time PCR detection system established can detect Brucella S2 vaccine strain in samples, with good sensitivity and specificity.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the association between combined exposure of selenium (Se) and other elements and cognitive function in older adults. Methods A cross-sectional study involving 416 rural older adults aged 60 or older was conducted in four areas with different soil Se levels in Enshi county, China. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine whole blood Se, copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) concentration. Nine standard cognitive tests were applied to assess cognitive function. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and generalized linear models (GLM) were used to determine the association between elements exposure and cognitive function. Results The results of Lasso regression show that Se, Cu, Fe, Zn, Ca and Pb were independently identified to be associated with cognition. ANCOVA and GLM consistently indicated that Se and Ca were related to cognitive function. The multi-element model incorporating these selected six elements showed higher composite Z scores of 0.32 (95%CI: 0.087 to 0.533) for log-transformed Se ( p < 0.05), 0.75 (95%CI: 0.007 to 1.493) for log-transformed Cu ( p = 0.048) and a lower score of 0.67 (95%CI: -1.263 to -0.083) for log-transformed Ca ( p < 0.05). Moreover, Se can antagonize the negative effect of Ca on cognitive function ( p for interaction = 0.031). Conclusion Our findings suggested that higher Se and Cu level were associated with better cognitive function in the elderly, and blood Se can antagonize the cognitive damage of blood Ca.

目的 了解我国公众对公共场所场景下新冠病毒感染个人防护的知识态度行为现状.方法 2022年7至9月依托全国公共场所健康危害监测网络面向我国城市成年人开展公共场所相关的新冠病毒感染个人防护知识、态度及行为问卷星在线调查.共收集有效问卷6 723份.采用x2检验对分类资料进行比较分析.结果 5项新冠病毒感染防护基本知识中,公众对"新冠病毒感染传播途径"和"疫苗接种目的"的知晓率最低,分别为50.22％和76.45％.9种态度及行为中,"经常对手机进行消毒"、"接触公共场所及交通工具内物品后,马上洗手或手部消毒"和"触摸公共场所及交通工具内物品后,做到不接触口、鼻、眼部"三种行为的正确率最低,分别为17.03％、23.87％和33.50％.此外,女性对新冠病毒感染防控知识的知晓率、态度及行为正确率均高于男性;高年龄段人群新冠病毒感染防控行为的正确率高于低年龄段,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 公众对公共场所新冠病毒感染个人防护知识的掌握程度总体不高,个人防护态度和行为有待提高,提示应加强面向公众的公共场所卫生宣传教育.

Household dust is an important source of premature exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), especially for children. In this onsite study, 246 dust samples were collected from 224 households in nine Chinese cities during 2018-2019. Questionnaires were administered to explore the association between household-related information and PBDEs in household dust. The median concentration of sigma 12PBDEs in household dust from 9 cities was 138 ng/g (94-227 ng/g), with the arithmetic mean of 240 +/- 401 ng/g. Among the nine cities, the highest median concentration of sigma 12PBDEs in household dust was found in Mianyang (295.57 ng/g), while the lowest was found in Wuxi (23.15 ng/ g). BDE-71 was the most dominant congener, ranging from 42.08 % to 98.15 % of the 12 PBDE congeners among 9 cit-ies. Three potential sources for the indoor environment were Penta-BDE, Octa-BDE commercial products, and photo-lytic bromine from Deca-BDEs based on the largest contribution (81.24 %). Under the moderate exposure scenario, the exposure levels through ingestion and dermal absorption for children were 7.30 x 10-1 ng/kg BW/day and 3.26 x 10-2 ng/kg BW/day, respectively. Temperature, CO2, years of residence, income, family size, household size, use of computers, heating, use of insecticide, and use of humidifiers were influential factors for PBDE concentra-tions in household dust. Based on the evidence of the correlation between PBDEs and these household parameters, it can be applied to reduce PBDE concentrations in household dust, which is a basis for controlling PBDEs pollution in Chinese households and protecting population health.

Background and aims: Earlier studies have reported inconsistent association between selenium (Se) and homo-cysteine (Hcy) levels, while no evidence could be found from Chinese population. To fill this gap, we investigated the association between blood Se and hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) of rural elderly population in China.Methods: A cross-sectional study on 1823 participants aged 65 and older from four Chinese rural counties was carried out in this study. Whole blood Se and serum Hcy concentrations were measured in fasting blood samples. Analysis of covariance and restricted cubic spline models were used to examine the association between Se and Hcy levels. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the risk of prevalent HHcy among four Se quartile groups after adjusting for covariates.Results: For this sample, the mean blood Se concentration was 156.34 (74.65) mu g/L and the mean serum Hcy concentration was 17.25 (8.42) mu mol/L. A significant non-linear relationship was found between blood Se and serum Hcy, the association was inverse when blood Se was less than 97.404 mu g/L and greater than 156.919 mu g/L. Participants in the top three blood Se quartile groups had significantly lower risk of prevalent HHcy compared with the lowest quartile group. When defined as Hcy> 10 mu mol/L, the odds ratios and 95% confidence interval of HHcy were 0.600 (0.390, 0.924), 0.616 (0.398, 0.951) and 0.479 (0.314, 0.732) for Q2, Q3, and Q4 Se quartile groups compared with the Q1 group, respectively. When defined as Hcy >= 15 mu mol/L, the odds ratios and 95% confidence interval of HHcy were 0.833 (0.633, 1.098) and 0.827 (0.626, 1.092), 0.647 (0.489, 0.857) for Q2, Q3, and Q4 Se quartile groups compared with Q1 group.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that higher blood Se level could be a protective factor for HHcy in the elderly.

目的 建立居室积尘中多环芳烃的高效液相色谱检测方法,为居室积尘中多环芳烃污染的预防控制提供技术支持.方法 采用超声萃取法(正己烷-丙酮)对样品中的多环芳烃进行提取,经硅胶层析柱净化和氮吹浓缩后,利用高效液相色谱法-荧光检测器/紫外检测器检测.结果 16种多环芳烃线性相关系数在0.9994～0.9999之间,检出限范围为0.005～0.120 ng/g,平均回收率为78.70％～104.4％,相对标准偏差均小于7.50％(除BbF和BaP外)o∑16 PAHs 含量在石家庄(78.58 μg/g)、西安(56.12 μg/g)和深圳(49.56 μg/g)较高;在无锡(13.96 μg/g)、宁波(9.01 μg/g)和盘锦(8.50vg/g)较低.苯并[a]芘毒性当量浓度在石家庄(2.53 μg/g)、深圳(1.69μg/g)和西安(1.50 μg/g)较高;在盘锦(0.35 μg/g)、无锡(0.19 μg/g)和宁波(0.18 μg/g)较低.结论 本方法具有较高的准确度、精密度和灵敏度,且重复性和稳定性良好,适用于居室积尘多环芳烃的检测.居室积尘中多环芳烃含量处于较高水平,因此应采取相应措施控制其污染水平,提升居室环境质量.