针对目前多层稠油油藏非均质性强,各层吸汽不均的现象,研发了不同的分层注汽工艺技术.本文主要介绍直井投球分层注汽工艺技术,通过悬挂封隔器和分层注汽封隔器对两注汽油层进行有效封隔,由投球分注阀实现对注汽油层的强制注汽,注汽过程中通过投球分注阀先注下部油层,达到注汽量后再投球封闭该注汽通道,同时打开上部油层注汽通道,改注上部油层.上部注汽管柱采用热采井密闭注汽管柱结构实现油层以上套管的高效隔热,降低注汽热损失的同时,有效地保护了油层以上套管,由于该工艺方式各注汽单元的注汽量是固定的,不需要通过机械或孔道的大小实现控制或调整,理论上注汽量不存在误差.管柱配套成本比直井单管定比例分层注汽管柱节约25％以上.

稠油开采技术可分为热采和冷采两大类,前者作为稠油开采的有效手段已在陆地油田广泛应用,但由于其对场地和设备的要求,用于海上油田开采具有一定的局限性.适宜开采稠油的工艺技术在国内尚处于研究阶段,而国外在这方面已有了一定的发展,例如,HASD(水平井环道加热蒸汽驱)、SAGD(蒸汽辅助重力泄油)、SD+SAGD(驱泄混合)和HP+SD(多底水平井吞吐+汽驱)等新的开采机理的研究应用有效改善了稠油开发效果.胜利油田渤海油区有一部分非常规稠油油田由于原油黏度高,现有技术和投资条件下,使用注水等常规开发方法非常不经济,急需在海上实施稠油热采技术.

The main separate layer polymer injection technologies are concentric dual-tube separate layer injection and retrievable hollow single-tube injection.The concentric dual-tube separate layer injection could only treat two layers and has relatively high initial cost,limiting the potential of large scale application.The retrievable hollow single-tube injection has the issues like difficult measurement and adjusting,low testing accuracy,and prone blockage of the polymer core,leading to difficulty in subdivision of polymer injection zone.In view of this,a concentric adjustable polymer injector has been developed and the supporting integrated measurement and adjusting instrument has been proposed.The novel polymer injector,with out the need of tripping throttling core,controls the throttle pressure difference by adjusting the throttling core gap,eliminating the shearing action on the polymer.Using the same dimensional design,the device has no limit on the injection layer number.One trip of the integrated measurement and adjusting instrument could achieve the flow rate allocation of all layers.The results of indoor and field tests show that,when the polymer displacement is 100 m3/d,the maximum throttling pressure can reach 4.3 MPa and the viscosity retention rate of the polymer is 95.65%.The developed device could meet the requirements of separate layer polymer injection,with the layer pass rate and test success rate of 100%.

To achieve reasonable allocation and stable regulation of water injection in injection wells with large differential pressure in middle and high permeability reservoirs, a real-time adjusting water distributor is designed by using dynamic throttling pressure regulating principle of spring-piston system. The regulating performance of this distributor is simulated with Simulink and ADAMS by building an appropriate mechanical model, and its main dy-namic adjusting characteristics are investigated, including the initial adjusting pressure, effective movement region and stabilization time. In addition, the pressure wave pattern, spring stiffness and piston cross-sectional area are optimized. Simulation results show that, the larger the spring stiffness of water distributor, the shorter time it takes for the system to become stable; the piston displacement is decreased as the spring stiffness is increased with differ-ent spring stiffness, and with different cross-sectional areas of the piston right side, the piston displacement is de-creased as the area is decreased. The simulation results could provide basis for the series design of real-time adjus-ting and distributing mechanism in the future.

Ol d oil fields due to insufficient formation energy and poor flow ability,the reacted acid of conventional acidization and formation pollutants of well-bore area is difficult to be discharged, which seriously affects the efficiency and validity of acidization.In response to these problems, powerful plug removal jet device of fixed and reverse circulation is developed,the partial double pipe technology is used to isolate of high pressure and low pressure liquid,low pressure is quickly formed near well-bore area using the flow pressure effect of the nozzle and throat,pollutants is powerfully sucked to the ground.In this paper,structure parameters is designed and optimized. Pump characteristics is tested by laboratory experiment which shows that the suction and lift abil-ity meets the needs of the field production through matching the nozzle and diffuser.The device has been used more than 30 times in Shengli Oilfield,the maximum depth was 2 200 m,the largest drawdown pressure was 15 MPa,and the penetration ability of wells was greatly improved.

上提解封的液力压缩式封隔器,由于注水压力的波动会使封隔器产生上下蠕动,降低了封隔器的分层效果,严重时会使封隔器由于剪钉的剪断而自动解封,使整套分层注水管柱失效.根据注水过程中遇到的以上问题,研制了防蠕动多功能封隔器.该封隔器不仅具有防止其上下蠕动的锚定机构,还有防止其自动解封的内锚定机构,并且具有上压控制式洗井机构,可以实现反循环洗井,增强了分层注水管柱的适应性.

随着分层注聚技术在胜利油田的不断推广,如何动态判断各小层的吸聚能力,动态监测各层流量,及时调整各层段的注入量是实施分层注聚的重要保障.本文主要针对胜利油田推广采用分层注聚工艺,介绍了目前现场应用的氧活化测井技术和井下存储式电磁流量测试技术,并对其存在的优缺点进行分析,为下一步攻关提供方向[1,2].

Oil recovery is enhanced about 10%by polymer flooding,and there is still almost 50%crude oil remained underground after polymer flooding.The water-cut increases quickly and the oil output decreases greatly in the water flooding after polymer flooding.According to the investigation,analysis and evaluation of the results from field tests and laboratory experiments to further enhance oil recovery at home and abroad, several technologies to enhance oil recovery after polymer flooding were selected.