历史的本质问题似乎更多的是经济问题.以经济学委托代理、不完全契约理论为切入点,从"控制权"的微观视角把握先秦射礼的国家政权行为,认为:先秦国家政权控制权从大射到乡射,内部代表国家权威关系的委托方(君主)、管理方(贵族)、代理方(乡绅)间存在着不同的分配与行使机制.以政权管控为目标的大射仪是委托方以"在场"对贵族施行政治"资产"调配的方式达成最终权威的一种集权型竞射形态;以终端管理为目的的乡射礼则是以委托方授权为形式,由具备实质权威的代理方对民众实施"国家在场"式管理的一种分权式竞射机制与微观治理行为.从大射到乡射,射礼践行了一种高度关联型和行政发包制共生共存的国家治理模式.

探讨睡眠时间、工作类久坐时间、体力活动水平与成年人慢性疾病的关联性,以期为相关健康问题的干预提供依据.采取多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,于2019年在厦门市地区选取20～69岁的成年人为研究对象,进行现场问卷调查和体质监测,并采用二分类logistic回归法分析其调查结果.结果:除年龄增长、城乡因素、运动频率、教育程度、职业类型、体质指数≥24.0 kg/m2是导致患有慢性疾病的重要因素外,<7 h的睡眠时间、≥4 h的工作类久坐时间、≥3 h的屏幕类久坐时间、体力活动水平的高低与慢性病的关系独立显著.每天工作日睡眠时间增加1 h,患有慢性病的可能性将降低51％.不同久坐时段0～2 h、4.01～6 h和6.01～8 h,患有慢性疾病风险发生比分别增加为51％、60％和75％.低体力活动水平慢性疾病的发生率是高体力活动水平的1.718倍,中等体力活动水平慢性疾病的发生率是高体力活动水平的0.612倍,表明随着每周体力活动增加,患有慢性疾病的风险会随之下降.结论:保持充足的睡眠、适当运动频率和增加体力活动量可以降低年龄增长带来的慢性病发生风险,其作用随年龄增长越来越显著.久坐、屏幕、睡眠等时间与慢性病有较强的联系,成年人应多锻炼,减少工作类久坐时间和屏幕时间,培养良好的生活习惯,对慢性疾病的危险因素进行正确的干预和控制,降低患病风险.

如今,中国在社会经济文化等方面取得越来越多的成就,在世界舞台上的影响力也越来越大.独具特色的中国元素也逐渐被世界文化所认可,受到全球各国人民的喜爱.而在啦啦操舞蹈创编中融入"中国元素"将成为啦啦操创编在我国发展的一种趋势.通过盘点可适用于啦啦操创编的中国元素,结合啦啦操创编的不同要素,分析中国元素融入啦啦操舞蹈创编的途径,总结出其中可能存在的问题并提出相应的策略.旨在推进中国元素在啦啦操舞蹈创编中的运用,丰富啦啦操舞蹈发展的方向.

为了推动健美操教学方式的改革,给社会上众多健美操爱好者提供一个全新便捷的健美操学习平台,采用教育领域具有创新性的"互联网+教育"模式进行在线课程教学.在近期全球蔓延的新冠肺炎疫情下,催生出大量的在线课程,覆盖了各个领域和各个学科,这些新颖的教育理念对传统健美操的教学模式产生了巨大冲击.文章在对传统健美操教学方式进行分析的基础上再结合健美操的教学课程设计要素(目标、任务、内容、方法、评价和反馈)设计出符合当下发展要求的健美操在线课程体系,为传统教育改革提供参考.

For recent years,the aging trend of China has been increasingly arising,while the quality of service of pension serv?ices about nurses failed to keep up with the ever accelerating pace of aging. At the same time for the elderly health care,reha?bilitation and maintenance have the deviation in the means,methods and concept. Therefore,in recent years,the government set up the pension services giving a great deal of attention and support and put it into practice. At the same time,pension nursing professional skills and cultural level and moral qualities has been made in a higher entry requirement. This paper,based on the understanding of the basic qualities of the pension nurses,proposed that the governments should strengthen nurses develop their sports consciousness. And then put this kind of sports consciousness into the old?age care so as to guide the elderly to partici?pate in physical training and form a lifelong habit of physical exercise.

Sampling by the questionnaire survey, mathematical statistics, expert interviews and literature method, this article analyses Wushu Duan System's current situation in Elementary School of Xiamen, which comes out the factors of Wushu Duan System spread in Primary Schools. Estimated from the sample, we propose the following measures in order to the development and the popularity of Wushu Duan system in primary schools of Fujian province: strengthening Wushu teachers'professional teaching;additional pilot schools in low grade evaluation points;establishing schools teaching martial arts assessment system;enriching the evaluation contents and evaluation methods of Wushu Duan system; developing incentive policies; stepping up publicity efforts to build a multi?level promotion model.