Objective To explore the effects of two kinds preoperative fasting and liquid-fasting time before caesarean section on blood glucose of puerperae with GDM before and after the operation,intra-operative complications and on blood glucose of neonates.Methods With prospective study method,162 puerperae with GDM admitted to obstetrical department of Peking University First Hospital and received cesarean section under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia between April 1st and Sep. 30th in 2015,were selected as the research object,and were divided into the control group (admitted on odd-numbered days) and the observation group (admitted on even-numbered days). Puerperae in the control group were forbidden to eat solid food for 8 h and drink transparent liquid for 6 h before the operation,while those in the observation group were forbidden to eat solid food for 6 h and drink transparent liquid for 2 h before the operation. Puererae in two groups were compared about their preoperative blood glucose,incidence of intraoperative nausea and vomiting or aspiration,intra-operative quality of bleeding,postoperative exsufflation time and blood glucose half an hour after the operation, meanwhile,neonates in two groups were compared about their Apgar scores 1 min and 5 min after birth,and their blood glucose half an hour after birth. Statistical analysis was done by independent-samplest test,Mann-WhitneyU test and χ2 test.Results Difference of preoperative blood glucose of puererae in two groups was statistically significant (P<0.01). Differences of intraoperative bleeding of puererae in two groups and blood glucose of neonates half an hour after birth in two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no statistic difference in the incidence of intraoperative nausea and vomiting or aspiration,postoperative exsufflation time of puererae,or Apgar scores 1 min and 5 min after birth of neonates in two groups(P>0.05).Conclusions The scheme of forbidding puererae from eating solid food for 6 h and drinking transparent liquid for 2 h before cesarean section can reduce the incidence of preoperative hypoglycemia,maintain a smooth post-operative blood glucose, reduce intraoperative bleeding without increasing the incidence of intraoperative complications like nausea,vomiting or aspiration,or hypoglycemia of the neonates. The new fasting and liquid-fasting scheme is safe and feasible,which makes it worth promoting in clinic.

Objective To explore the effect of quality control circle ( QCC) activities on increasing early neonatal contact rate of mother and early breast sucking rate .Methods Set up a QCC,then follow the steps of QCC with professional tools to solve existing problems in early skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants and early breast sucking .Rate was compared before and after the improvements .Results The early neonatal contact rate of mother and early breast sucking rate increased from 80.94% to 93.57%,and the difference was significant (χ2 =35.07,P<0.001).Conclusions The application of the quality improvement tool of QCC could improve the early skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants and early breast sucking , and helps the mother to breastfeed successfully .

Objective: To explore the effect of quality control activities on decreasing urine retention rate after natural labour. Methods: The authors set up a quality control circle, followed the steps of quality control activities with professional quality management tools to solve the existing problems in preventing postpartum urine retention. Urine retention rate was compared before and after the activities. Results: The urine retention rate decreased from 18.80% to 7.29%, and the difference was statistically signiifcant (P<0.01). Conclusion: The application of the quality control circle activities could decrease the postpartum urine retention rate and improve care quality. It also could increase the quality management capacities of staff nurses.

[目的]调查产妇对产褥期母婴保健知识和护理技能的掌握情况及其影响因素,为制定围生期有效的健康教育方案提供依据。[方法]对113例产后42d复查的产妇进行保健知识和护理能力的问卷调查。[结果]产妇对环境知识、婴儿免疫和产褥期计划生育方面护理知识认知程度较低;护理技能掌握较差的为产后保健操、婴儿洗澡技巧和婴儿呛奶的处理;影响产褥期母婴保健知识认知的因素有文化程度、居住地、夫妻关系、孕妇学校和健康教育(P<0.05);不同知识来源途径的产妇其护理技能掌握程度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]现阶段产妇对产褥期保健知识及婴儿护理知识匮乏,应根据不同层次的保健需求有针对性地进行宣教和个体指导,提高产妇的自我保健能力。

目的调查待产孕妇家属在产房外等候期间焦虑状态及相关因素,为寻求帮助待产孕妇家属减轻焦虑的应对措施提供依据。方法应用方便取样方法,选取2010年7～9月在北京大学第一医院产科分娩的孕妇家属110名作为研究对象,使用SPielberger等人编制的状态-特质焦虑问卷(STAI)及自行设计家属焦虑相关因素问卷进行调查分析。结果 110例待产孕妇家属待产妇家属特质焦虑(T-AI)得分低于常模,在等候期间状态(S-AI)焦虑得分明显高于常模。结论待产孕妇家属在产房外等候期间存在明显的焦虑状态,产房护理人员应正确认识家属的焦虑情绪,重视家属心理需求,有针对性的给予护理干预,缓解孕妇家属焦虑状态。