在"工匠精神"引领的时代背景下,高职学生的职业素养培育在内容、方式、评价机制等方面取得了丰硕成果.随着社会信息化的加快推进,高职院校育人目标、就业单位人才需求及学生的终身发展需求也不断提升,这就需要用发展的眼光看待高职学生的职业素养培育问题,通过研究与实践不断总结反思.在高职学生职业素养评价机制——"成长学分银行"的实践基础上,分析改进方向、优化培育途径,提高高职学生职业素养培育的实效性.

目的:观察microRNA363在缺血性脑损伤中的表达及头电针的调控作用.方法:将SD大鼠80只,随机分为模型组、非穴区组、头针组和头电针组,用Longa线栓法造成左侧大脑中动脉缺血模型,另选取20只同质鼠作为假手术组.干预7天后检测大鼠神经功能、脑梗死体积、Caspase-3蛋白及microRNA363表达.结果:急性脑缺血大鼠microRNA363明显降低,Caspase-3表达明显提高,两者呈负相关(r=-0.930,P＜0.01).非穴区组、头针组及头电针组在Longa评分、脑梗死体积、Caspase-3表达及microRNA363均明显优于模型组,但非穴区组与头针组比较没有明显差别;头电针组在上述指标中,均明显优于非穴区组和头针组.结论:miRNA363具有神经保护作用;100 Hz/2 Hz疏密波头电针可通过调控microRNA363表达,进而影响Caspase-3水平,以达到抑制神经细胞凋亡的目的.

OBJECTIVE:By using orthogonal design method to optimnize prescription of pulsed electric field at Jiaji (EX- B 2) points for spinal cord injury (SCI).METHODS:Fifty six patients of SCI were selected, in which 36 cases were divided into orthogonal design trial and 20 cases were into clinical verification. With 36 patients who received orthogonal design trial, Frankel grading scale was used as observation index to screen optimal prescription of pulsed electric field. Pulse frequency (factor A) included low frequency (factor A(I), 10(2) Hz). moderate frequency (factor A(II), 10(4) Hz) and high frequency (factor A(III), 10(3) Hz); pulse amplitude (factor B) included 0-30 V (factor B ), 0-60 V (factor B(II)) and 0-90 V (factor B(III)); pulse width (factor C) included 0.1 ms (factor C(I)). 0.6 ms (factor C(II)) and 0.9 ms (factor C(III)); acupuncture time (factor D) included one month (DI), three months (D(II)) and five months (D(III)). Twenty patients were used for clinical efficacy observation and the effects of screened optimal pre scription of pulsed electric field at Jiaji (EX-B 2) points combined with regular rehabilitation training on spasm se- verity, score of sensory and motor functions, Barthel index and Frankel score were observed.RESULTS:(1) As results of orthogonal design trial, the optimal prescription was A(III) B(III), C(I), D(III), which were high frequency (10(3) Hz), 0-90 V of pulse amplitude, 0.4 ms of pulse width and 5 months of treatment time. (2) As results of 20 patient clinical verification, Ashworth score, tendon reflex and clonus were all significantly improved (P<0.001, P<0.01), the scores of sensory and motor functions were evidently improvedtl (P<0.001, P<0.05), and Barthel in dex and Frankel score were also enhanced (P<0.001, P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The optimal prescription of pulsed electric field at Jiaji (EX-B 2) points for spinal cord injury is high frequency (10& Hz), 0-90 V of pulse amplitude, 0.4 ms of pulse width and 5 months of treatment time. The optimal prescription of pulsed electric field at Jiaji (EX-B 2) points combined with regular rehabilitation could obviously improve spasm severity, enhance senso- ry and motor functions, and ameliorate activity of daily life and Frankel score.

目的:探讨护理干预对膀胱肿瘤术后膀胱灌注化疗患者心理状况的影响.方法:将82例患者随机分为实验组和对照组各41例,对照组行常规护理,实验组在常规护理的基础上行护理干预,观察两组护理后的心理状况变化.结果:两组护理后生活质量比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:对膀胱肿瘤术后膀胱灌注化疗患者在常规护理的基础上采用护理干预,能够改善患者的心理状况.

目的 本研究对大庆市四所三级医院符合研究条件的患者及护士进行护患关系调查,从而了解大庆市三级甲等医院护患关系现状,并分析影响护患关系的主要因素,为护理教育及临床护士沟通能力培训提供帮助.方法 研究利用自制护患关系调查问卷开展调查,采用随机抽样的方法,抽取护士320人,得到有效问卷297份,有效回收率为92.8%;患者360人,有效问卷342份,有效回收率为95%.结果 大庆市三级医院护患关系整体现状良好;现行的医疗卫生体制是影响护患关系的首要客观因素,护士的沟通态度是主要的主观因素.

目的：探讨综合干预对肥胖2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法：将160例肥胖2型糖尿病的患者随机分为综合干预组与对照组各80例，综合干预组采用个体化饮食、运动与健康教育等干预手段，对照组采用一般常规护理。比较2组入组时及3、6个月后的血糖、血脂、血压、腰围（WC）、体重指数（BMI）、胰岛素抵抗指数。结果：综合干预组与对照组患者的空腹血糖、餐后血糖、糖化血红蛋白、血脂、体重指数均有下降（P＜0．05），干预组下降幅度更明显（P＜0．01）。结论：个体化综合干预可以有效改善肥胖2型糖尿病患者的血糖和血脂，减轻胰岛素抵抗。

目的探讨后腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺肿瘤的方法、疗效与处理要点。方法采用后腹腔镜下行肾上腺肿瘤切除术治疗嗜铬细胞瘤及原发性醛固酮增多症7例。结果平均手术时间150min,平均出血量100ml,术后开始行走时间平均2d,高血压及低钾症状逐渐消失。结论后腹腔镜肾上腺切除手术创伤小、术后恢复快、住院时间短、术后生活质量高。

P53基因是人类肿瘤突变率最高的抑癌基因.大约50%的人类肿瘤中都有P53基因突变.P53基因的突变对于肿瘤的生物学特征和各种肿瘤预后有着深远的影响.

[目的]探讨和分析直肠癌术后病人疾病不确定感与手术方式、住院经验及患病时间长短的相关性。[方法]采用现象学研究法,通过访谈法和观察法两种方式,对30例直肠癌术后3年内出院病人进行访谈,对38例直肠癌术后住院病人进行观察,记录访谈和观察内容,并加以归纳和分析。[结果]直肠癌术后病人疾病不确定感与手术方式、住院经验及患病时间长短具有相关性。手术方式与直肠癌术后病人疾病不确定感的相关性最大。[结论]医务人员及其家属应了解医疗因素对直肠癌术后病人疾病不确定感的影响,给予正确、及时的教育和干预,降低其疾病不确定感,提高病人生活质量。

肾结石是泌尿系统常见疾病之一,输尿管结石几乎全部来源于肾脏.众所周知,泌尿系结石直径大于1 cm以往均手术治疗,我院自1999年8月～2001年2月采用德国多尼尔公司"小巨人"碎石机,X线定位治疗肾及输尿管结石340例均取得较好疗效.现将护理体会介绍如下.