With the continuous development of economic globalization,the import trade of animals and animal products has grown rapidly,and thus cause the growing risk of spread of animal epidemics.Throughout the world,especially in Europe and the United States,Canada,Australia,the great attentions have been paid to laws and regulations on quarantine of animals and animal products,and the distinctive system of quarantine laws and regulations were constructed.This paper briefly introduced the law and regulation systems on animal product quarantine in China's main trade countries and regions,including the European Union,the United States,Canada,Australia and Japan,it may help to build the quarantine law and regulation systems with Chinese characteristics on the entry-exit animals and animal products.

盐湿牛皮是我国从澳大利亚进口动物产品中进口量增长最快的产品,被澳大利亚农林渔业部视为对华农产品出口量增长最为迅速的产品之一.盐湿牛皮因富含蛋白质、脂肪和水分,可携带来自产地的各种病原微生物.笔者从进口澳大利亚盐湿牛皮的概况、牛疫病种类、进境皮毛检验检疫监管措施、进境盐湿皮牛安全卫生现状等方面论述了疫病的传入风险,并提出了风险控制措施.

According to the conserved gene sequences of ALV in GenBank,a pair of the specific primers were designed.Through the optimization of reaction conditions,the PCR detection method was established.Then the ten tissue samples separated from different local chicken breeding bases in Jiangsu province were detected by PCR.The results showed that 90% of the suspected samples were ALV positive and the normal chicken liver tissue was ALV negative.The amplified target gene was cloned,sequenced and compared with the reference nucleotide sequence in GenBank,the results showed that the target gene fragment was 300 bp,and the homology of nucleotides was more than 97%.The study showed that J-subtype ALV existed in the local chickens in Jiangsu province.

According to the conserved gene sequences of Duck plague virus(DPV) in GenBank,one pair of specific primer was designed.A rapid diagnostic technique of PCR was established by optimizing the reaction condition.The DNA segments amplified were 1 293 bp.The experiments had proved that PCR possessed a high specificity.And the sensitivity test results indicated that PCR was more sensitive,which could detect DHV with only 15 pg·mL-1 DNA.Detection of field samples from viral diseased ducks also confirmed that the PCR method could identify the infection of DPV,which was specific,rapid and sensitive.