We identified 37 TcWRKY genes and analyzed their bioinformatics features. TcWRKY13 enhances salt tolerance by affecting ion accumulation, strengthening antioxidant defenses, and reducing ROS accumulation. Tamarix chinensis, a typical woody recretohalophyte, exhibits high salt tolerance by secreting salt through its multicellular salt glands. WRKY transcription factors (TFs) play critical roles in plant stress responses; however, their functions in T. chinensis remain unclear. In this study, 37 TcWRKY genes were identified from transcriptome datasets of T. chinensis. The results showed that all TcWRKY proteins are hydrophilic and liposoluble proteins, with lengths ranging from 97 to 761 amino acids (aa). Based on conserved domain characteristics, these members were classified into three groups, all of which contain the WRKYGQK core sequence and zinc finger structures. The results of the RNA-seq and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction experiments exhibited that TcWRKY13 was one of the genes most significantly responsive to salt stress. Subcellular localization experiments suggested that TcWRKY13 may be localized to both the nucleus and the cell membrane in tobacco leaves. Functional analyses demonstrated that transient overexpression of TcWRKY13 significantly enhanced salt tolerance in T. chinensis, whereas virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of TcWRKY13 reduced salt tolerance. Furthermore, heterologous overexpression of TcWRKY13 from T. chinensis in Arabidopsis thaliana enhanced salt tolerance, as evidenced by a reduced rise in Na⁺/K⁺ ion accumulation, elevated antioxidant enzyme activity, and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. This study provides identification of the expressed WRKY genes under salt stress in T. chinensis and reveals the positive salt-tolerant function of TcWRKY13, offering a theoretical foundation for molecular breeding of crop glycophytes.

Soil salinization imposes notable limitations on plant growth and land use. Nanotechnology is a promising strategy to mitigate salt stress. Studies on nanoparticle-regulated salt tolerance have rarely focused on Tamarix chinensis (T. chinensis), a halophyte adapted to moderate to severe saline-alkali soil. This study used a multimodal approach encompassing physiology, ultrastructure observation, ion detection, transcriptome sequencing, and phytohormone quantification to clarify the effect and underlying mechanisms of cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) on the mitigation of salt stress in T. chinensis. The results revealed that CeO2 NPs markedly restored biomass (90.9%), chlorophyll content (28.0%), and root development (110-120%) of T. chinensis under salt stress, and reduced cellular ultrastructural damage. Higher total cerium was detected in roots than in leaves, and salt stress increased tissue total cerium levels. It was found to regulate ion homeostasis by lowering the Na+/K+ ratio and enhancing the accumulation of soluble sugars. Moreover, CeO2 NPs have been indicated to scavenge excessive ROS by lowering hydrogen peroxide and MDA levels and boosting POD/SOD activities by roughly 2.6-3.5 fold, which was associated with enhanced plant antioxidant capacity and lowered levels of reactive oxygen species derived oxidative damage. Transcriptome analysis identified differentially expressed genes enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways. CeO2 NPs have been demonstrated to modulate the levels of the phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA), with a concurrent decrease in ABA (80%) and JA (48%), and an increase in SA (159%). These effects have been indicated to reverse the aberrant expression of important genes within the three pathways mentioned above under salt stress conditions. In conclusion, CeO2 NPs mediated salt stress mitigation in T. chinensis may be associated with enhanced antioxidant defense systems, alterations in phenylpropanoid flavonoid biosynthesis, and shifts in phytohormone homeostasis and signal transduction. This study offers a theoretical justification for using a nanotechnology-based strategy in halophyte cultivation for saline land development.

Soil salinization is a major environmental challenge that impedes plant growth, and Tamarix chinensis is a typical recretohalophyte. To elucidate the salt tolerance mechanism of halophytes and identify highly efficient salt tolerance genes, the morphological, physiological and molecular mechanisms of T. chinensis under salt stress were assessed. Transmission electron microscopy of the salt glands revealed a large number of vesicles and synaptosomes after exposure to 400 mmol & centerdot; L-1 NaCl. Physiological parameters, including antioxidant enzyme activities (POD and SOD), proline content, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content and the salt secretion rate, manifested consistent increasing trends under NaCl stress. Transcriptome profiling revealed that DEGs associated with vesicular transport and membrane transport played important roles in the response to salinity stress in T. chinensis. Expression of the SNARE protein TcSYP121 was significantly upregulated by salinity stress, and expression of the TcSYP121 gene was significantly decreased after treatment with brefeldin A (BFA), a specific inhibitor of vesicle transport. Transient overexpression of the TcSYP121 gene in T. chinensis increased salt stress tolerance. In contrast, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of TcSYP121 reduced salt tolerance in T. chinensis. The heterologous expression of the T. chinensis TcSYP121 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana significantly improved the salt tolerance of transgenic A. thaliana by promoting ion transport via increasing the length of the Golgi membrane and the size of secretory vesicles, amplifying antioxidant enzyme activity and maintaining low ROS levels. In summary, our results not only reveal that vesicle trafficking is crucial for the salt-stress response and survival but also suggest the use of the vesicle transport-related gene TcSYP121 for the cultivation of salt-tolerant crop varieties in saline-alkali environments.

Soil salinization imposes considerable restrictions on plant growth and land utilization. Nanotechnology is a promising strategy to mitigate salt stress. Tamarix Chinensis (T. chinensis), a halophyte adapted to moderate-severe saline-alkali soil, has rarely been the focus of studies examining nanoparticle-regulated salt tolerance. In this study, we employed a multifaceted approach encompassing physiology, ultrastructure observation, ion detection, transcriptome sequencing, and phytohormone quantification to elucidate the impact and underlying mechanisms of cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) on the mitigation of salt stress in T. chinensis. The results demonstrated that CeO2 NPs significantly restored biomass, chlorophyll content, and root development of T. chinensis under salt stress, and mitigated cellular ultrastructural damage. The substance's primary accumulation occurred in the roots, with salt stress enhancing the process of absorption. It was observed to regulate ion homeostasis by reducing the Na+/K+ ratio, and it promoted the accumulation of soluble sugars. Furthermore, CeO2 NPs have been observed to scavenge excessive ROS by reducing H2O2 and MDA levels and increasing POD/SOD activities by approximately 13-fold, thereby alleviating oxidative stress. Transcriptome analysis identified differentially expressed genes enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways. CeO2 NPs have been shown to modulate the levels of the phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA), with a concomitant reduction in ABA/JA and an increase in SA. These effects have been observed to reverse the aberrant expression of key genes within the aforementioned three pathways under salt stress conditions. In summary, CeO2 NPs mitigate salt stress in T. chinensis by augmenting antioxidant defense mechanisms, regulating phenylpropanoid-flavonoid biosynthesis, and balancing phytohormone homeostasis and signal transduction. This study proposes a nanotechnology-based strategy for saline-alkali land development and provides theoretical support for the application of nanomaterials in halophyte cultivation.

Tamarix chinensis Lour. is native to China and has characteristics such as heat resistance and salt alkali resistance. It is mostly distributed in coastal or inland desert areas of China. In this article, 36 samples of Tamarix chinensis collected from the Bohai Rim region (11 samples from Shandong, 5 samples from Tianjin, 15 samples from Hebei, and 5 samples from Liaoning) were sequenced by specific locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq). Based on the willow genome as a reference, the system design of the experimental scheme was carried out by bioinformatics analysis. The specific length of DNA fragments was screened, and the SLAF-seq library was constructed. A large number of sequences were obtained by high-throughput sequencing. Then, polymorphic SLAF tags were obtained by software analysis and comparison. Finally, a large number of specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were developed on the polymorphic SLAF tags. A total of 2,341,663 SLAF tags were obtained, including 51,985 polymorphic SLAF tags. All SNPs were filtered according to integrity > 0.5 and MAF > 0.05, and 157,821 highly consistent SNPs were obtained. The SNPs were analyzed by statistical methods, and 36 Tamarix samples from four regions were obtained. Phylogenetic tree, population structure, and principal component analyses were completed, which revealed the genetic differentiation between individuals at the genome level. The results showed that the Tamarix chinensis from the four regions all originated from the same ancestor, but due to the different growth environment and geographical location, genetic differentiation occurred in the process of growth and development. However, the genetic differences among the individuals were small. Through cluster analysis, clustering phenomenon was observed for some varieties.

从专业与地域特色出发,以河北科技师范学院为研究案例,阐述高校美育教学的现状,在分析现状的基础上,阐述美育教育在高校教学的作用,提出高校在美育中的四个发展方向,强调高校美育要不断丰富教学方法、健全美育教师团队,立足地方以专业特色为抓手,通过教学改革优化高校公共美育课程,构建科学、完善的高校美育课程体系和美育教学模式的方式与方法.

为探索柽柳微扦插繁殖的最佳条件,采用中国柽柳的幼嫩茎段作为外植体材料,通过正交试验和完全随机区组试验筛选最佳中国柽柳微扦插繁殖技术体系.结果表明:正交试验中培养基类型对生根率的影响最大,激素种类和激素质量浓度对生根率的影响次之,且后二者基本相当.IBA激素效果最好,1/4MS与1/2MS生根率差异不显著,生根率最高的处理为1/4MS+IBA 0.4 mg/L,生根率为87.50％.进一步通过1/2MS+IBA单因素完全随机区组试验和1/4MS+IBA单因素完全随机区组试验进行验证,生根率最高的处理为1/4MS+IBA0.4 mg/L,生根率为85.60％.因此,中国柽柳微扦插繁殖最适培养基为1/4MS+IBA 0.4 mg/L.

为确定牡丹品种花期在秦皇岛地区的物候情况,对引种至该地区的1个野生种以及29个牡丹品种的花期进行了物候观察.结果表明:1)引进牡丹在3月上旬进入萌芽期,4月上旬进入展叶期,4月中旬进入风铃期,4月中下旬进入露色期,4月下旬到5月上旬进入始花期,4月下旬至5月下旬进入末花期9月中下旬进入枯黄期;2)30个引进牡丹种质资源,以始花期为判断标准,可分为早、中、晚等3类,其中野生卵叶牡丹花期最早,'京玉天成''岛锦''旭港''海黄'花期晚;而根据开花持续时间,可分为超短、短、中等和长等4类,其中'映红'开花持续时间最长可达到17 d,'京玉天成''岛锦'和'花王'开花持续时间最短,仅有7 d,最早和最晚开花之间相差20 d.

Tamarix chinensis (Tamaricaceae), a halophytic plant, is native to China. Tamarix chinensis has shown significant advantages in improving soil desertification and enhancing soil quality in coastal saline lands and can be used for ornamental and medicinal purposes with high scientific, ecological and economic values. The scarcity of information about geographic distribution under global climate change makes it difficult to promote better cultivation of this shrub. For this study, we modeled the current and future suitable growth areas in 2050 and 2070 for T. chinensis by the Maxent model using the latest Coupled Model Comparison Program 6 (CMIP6) data set. The results revealed that annual mean temperature, precipitation of wettest quarter, annual mean UV-B and elevation were identified as the most important factors affecting T. chinensis distribution. The total suitable potential distribution areas for T. chinensis encompassed ca. 191.38x10(4) km(2), in which the highly suitable areas were mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the eastern coastal areas in China. Under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) 126 scenario, we predicted an expansion of the suitable habitat range in 2050 followed by a contraction in 2070; however, under the SSP585 scenario, the suitable habitat range of T. chinensis would decrease in 2050 and 2070. Overall, T. chinensis showed a shift trend in distribution to higher latitudes and elevations with global warming. This study could provide a theoretical guidance for formulating management plans for T. chinensis and saline soil rehabilitation in the future.

在新农科建设中,园林专业肩负着乡村振兴、生态文明和美丽中国建设的使命,也是落实课程思政建设的重要平台.本文提出了在修订园林专业人才培养方案、构建专业思政目标的基础上,强化师资队伍建设,提升专业教师思政意识和育人能力,深入挖掘专业课程思政元素,利用现代信息技术将思想政治教育有机融入到课程教学中,并通过考核评价机制有效推进园林专业课程思政建设,为农科类专业课程思政建设提供参考.

The ornamental crabapple is a multipurpose landscaping tree that bears brilliant fruit throughout the winter. However, whether or not its fruit persists after maturation is specifically correlated to cultivar characteristics. In this work, we screened two different types that display fruit-retention (“Donald Wyman,” “Red Jewel,” and “Sugar Tyme”) and fruit-abscission (“Radiant” and “Flame”) in Northern China across the whole winter using multi-year successional records. Fruit-abscission was determined predominantly by the abscission zone established at the base of the pedicel, regardless of fruit size and pedicel length, according to the results of the comparative research. The primary physiological rationale was the accumulation of hydrolases activity (pectinesterase, cellulase, polygalacturonase, and β-glucosidase). Comparative transcriptomics further identified a number of upregulated DEGs involved in the synthesis pathways of canonical phytohormones, such as ethylene, jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, and cytokinin, as well as 12 transcription factors linked in downstream signaling in fruit-abscission cultivars. Finally, a model incorporating multi-layered modulation was proposed for the fruit abscission of ornamental crabapple. This study will serve as the foundation for the development of fruit-viewing crabapples that have an extended ornamental lifetime.

全面推进课程思政建设是落实立德树人根本任务的战略举措,园林生态学作为生态学的应用分支,其研究对象及课程内容具有开展思政教育的独特优势.在新农科背景下,从挖掘课程蕴含的思政资源、提升专业教师课程思政建设的意识和能力、建立课程思政考核评价体系3个方面探讨了园林生态学课程思政建设路径,以期切实提升高校立德树人成效.

随着虚拟现实技术的发展,在园林、风景园林专业教学中应用此技术推动教学改革,已经成为研究热点.造型基础课程是园林、风景园林重要的专业基础课,对学生设计思维能力的启蒙与培养可起到关键作用.为此,提出了应用虚拟现实技术促进造型基础课程内容的改革,使"三大构成"教学内容更符合专业人才培养需求,促进互动式教学方法的应用,并与其他专业课形成课程联动培养模式,为园林、风景园林教学改革提供参考.

园林史课程内容主要介绍中外不同国家、不同时期(或地方)园林发展的社会因素、园林特色及影响,对园林史一流课程建设通过课程教学分析与整理、课程教学方法调查分析、新教学方案的教学实践、课程教学研究结果分析与讨论、整理教学材料,申报园林史精品课程、园林史线上课程建设等方面进行了探讨.提出了课程的建设方向可通过虚拟仿真实现对园林史内容的体验和理解,加强对园林史知识的掌握;将理论课通过实践探索的方式进行来加强教学效果是此门课程建设的改进措施;通过课程建设将实现预期成效:建立符合新农科发展特色的园林史课程教学模式;建立适应人才培养的多种教学形式;建立体现课程思政的教学内容;建立多种形式的教学资源.

目前关于牡丹在我国的引种试验研究较多,主要集中在我国东北部的寒冷地区以及南方的湿热地区[1～4].随着牡丹栽培技术水平不断提高,牡丹种植区域呈现向东部滨海地区扩大趋势,如天津、沧州等盐碱地已经成功引种[5～6].笔者对收集的牡丹种质资源在秦皇岛滨海地区进行了引种试验.本次研究利用层次分析法[7～8]对引入到秦皇岛市昌黎县的29个牡丹品种从形质性状、数量性状、开花性状和生长性状等进行多方面的综合评价,建立滨海地区牡丹品种的评价系统,以期筛选出适宜秦皇岛旅游产业发展的牡丹品种.

科技报告写作课程与研究生阶段的文献综述、开题报告、中期检查、论文写作、课题申请等众多科研必修过程联系紧密,是研究生进行国际学术交流的重要载体,对培养高质量的研究生至关重要.文章从教材选择、文献阅读、论文写作、项目申请书写作、模拟国际学术交流及课程考核方式等方面进行了论述,以期为研究生的教学研究提供相关参考.

为了比较华北落叶松1代种子园不同种源的288个无性系的种子品质,对种子千粒重、饱满率、发芽率等特性进行了测量分析.结果表明,华北落叶松种子园5个种源和288个无性系间的种子品质均差异显著,有选择的潜力;河北蔚县种源的种子千粒重和发芽指数最高;山西浑源种源的种子千粒重和饱满率最小,但其发芽指数高;河北围场、滦平和阜平种源的种子品质相差不大.种子园无性系千粒重为3.5127～7.2628 g,饱满率为40.89％～95.55％,98％以上的无性系发芽率高于60％,为Ⅰ级种子;发芽高峰出现在第5天,有90％以上的无性系发芽时间在7 d以内;发芽指数大于群体平均值的125个无性系可作为优良无性系筛选的重点群体,但筛选种子园种子高品质无性系时,还应在萌发特性的基础上兼顾千粒重.

17 Robinia pseadoacacia provenances were selected from 12 provinces as the experimental materials.The relative leakage of electrolytes,relative leakage of K+,the rate of branch water loss and the amount of water deficit were measured,and the growth recovery experiment of 17 Robinia pseadoacacia provenances was also carried out.Then the cold resistance of Robinia pseadoacacia provenances was fully compared according to all studied indices.Correlation analyses between the cold resistance and geographic factors,and between cold resistance and climatic factors have been made to study the geographic variance of this specie.The results showed that there were obvious differences among the cold resistance of 17 Robinia pseadoacacia provenances.A positive correlation was found between cold resistance and latitude and negative correlation for the annual mean temperature and annual precipitation.A tentative view is that the variation of cold resistance of Robinia pseudoacacia provenances is mainly influenced by latitude.It is concluded that the evident geographic patterns of cold resistance of the Robinia pseudocacia seed sources in China have varied.

It is very important for the farmers and breeders to build a fast and dependable method of cultivars identification. By using SSR,20 apple cultivars were amplified by using 11 pairs of primers for genomic polymorphic analysis. SSR fragments of all pairs of primers were detected by polyacrylamide gel:163 loci were amplified and polymorphic percentage of amplified loci was 33.33%~63.16%. Based on the SSR results, calculation of the similarity coeffecient and also UPGMA cluster analysis showed that the apple cultivars could be classified into the four groups being similar to the traditional classification. And genotype map at a group of SSR loci of per cultivar was obtained. So genotype patterns of providing cultivars were firstly established. It would lay out a foundation for further genetype database, also indicating that SSR markers were suitable for early variety identification and plant breeder's rights protection.

In this study, SSR conditions on apple were optimizatied . The factors, which affected the SSR results of Golden Delicious apple cultivar were studied. The results showed that 2.5 mmol/L Mg2+, 0.8 μmol/L primer, 0.10 mmol/L dNTP, 1 U Taq polymerase, 15~30 ng template DNA and the optimal annealing temperature of primers of 48.5~52.0℃ in 20 μL SSR reaction system were the best. Trough above PCR system, SSR fragments of 10 apple cultivars were obtained and detected. Polymorphism between different cultivars was abundantly detected by 8% polyacrylamide gel, which showed this system was suitable and stable.