Objective To explore the value of PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) in analysis of lower respiratory tract microbial diversity in children with pneumonia. Methods A total of 10 bron-choalveolar lavage fluid samples which has been identified bacterial infection by culture were included. The bacteri-al DNA was extracted, and 16S rDNA-V3 was amplified, following by DGGE, sequencing the predominant bonds and BLAST. Results In the 10 samples, there was one bacterium in 7 samples, two bacteria in 3 samples by bacterial cul-ture. There were multiple bonds in 8 samples by DGGE, and a total of 12 predominant bonds were identified. DGGE method can detect more bacterial species than bacterial culture method. Conclusion PCR-DGGE can identify mixed bacteria which caused pneumonia and detect the pathogen that cannot be detected by bacterial culture. The pneumonia in children is mainly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus viridans.

Huperzine A recently serves as the first-line drug for treating Alzheimer's disease. This paper re-views the latest progress in source and development of Huperzine A from the comprehensive angles of drug needs and pharmaceutical industry. The development of transformation methods in future is prospected. Extraction from natural herbs, as the most convenient way for obtaining huperzine A, has a long history and still has great vitality. However, the method has been faced with a bottleneck of limited plant resources. Chemical synthesis is still one of the important ways for development of huperzine A, but it has the disadvantages of trivial steps, high cost and difficulty in obtaining composites with pure optical activity. Now, adopting biological techniques to obtain huperzine A from endophytic fun-gi and fermentation of H. serrata has been making great progress. It is recognized that utilizing biological techniques for transformation would become one of the important directions in industrial production of huperzine A.

目的：探讨制备高效价兔抗人免疫血清的方法。方法将人全血清经弗氏佐剂完全乳化，采用一定的免疫程序免疫家兔，末次加强免疫5 d 后收集兔免疫血清，利用双向免疫扩散实验、对流免疫电泳和间接酶联免疫吸附法分别测定血清中抗体的效价。结果家兔在全程免疫后产生了高效价抗体，效价分别达到了1∶16、1∶8、1∶64000。结论用人全血清免疫家兔，可以获得高效价的抗血清，为进一步实验教学和实验研究奠定了基础。

Objective To screen endophytic fungal strains isolated from wild Huperzia serrata which can produce alkaloids and huperzine A (HupA). Methods Thirty-three endophytic fungal strains were obtained from H.serrata.Alkaloid production was assayed with alkaloid precipitation and acid dye colorimetry. Then, the crude extracts of alkaloids produced from fungal strains were analyzed by modulation of acetylcholinesterase(AChE) activity, TLC and HPLC. Identification of endophytic fungi producing HupA was based on morphology analysis. Results Seven alkaloids produced by endophytic fungal strains were determined based on alkaloid precipitation and acid dye colorimetry, among which strain V generated HupA in vitro. Morphology analysis showed that strain V belonged to Penicillium. Conclusion A high percentage of fungal strains isolated from H.serrata leaves has alkaloid producing potentials. It is the first report that Penicillium species produced HupA. The screening of endophytic fungi producing HupA based on alkaloid precipitation and acid dye colorimetry, AChE activity and structure identification are more efficient and directive.

目的 探讨幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染与咸阳地区上消化道疾病的关系.方法 应用W-S银染和革兰染色法检测上消化道疾病患者病理组织切片中Hp的感染状况,并分析Hp感染与上消化道疾病及人群分布的关系.结果 咸阳地区上消化道疾病患者Hp感染率为64.61％(115/178),其中浅表性胃炎、消化性溃疡、癌前病变及胃癌组织中Hp感染率分别为49.12％、60.71％、70.37％、77.27％.胃癌组与浅表性胃炎组比较Hp感染率比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);农村居民与城镇居民Hp感染率有差异(P＜0.05).不同性别上消化疾病患者Hp感染率无差异.结论 咸阳地区上消化道疾病患者Hp感染与上消化道疾病病变程度有关,农村居民Hp感染率高于城镇居民.