Objective To provide scientific evidence for the early warning of H1N1 influenza outbreak through regularly detecting influenzalike cases of sentinel hospitals in Zhenjiang using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Methods Throat swab samples of influenza-like cases were collected from three sentinel hospitals in Zhenjiang and epidemic areas of influenza outbreaks,weekly.The serum samples of some influenza-like cases were also collected.Influenza virus RNA and H1 subtype antibody of some serum samples of patients with influenza-like were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and hemagglutination inhibition tests,respectively.The epidemic trend analysis of the test results were carried on.Results Among 2229 cases samples collected from sentinel hospitals,750 cases were positive for influenza RNA,of whom 423 cases were A H1N1 Influenza,293 cases were H3N2 Influenza,8 cases were H1N1 Influenza,26 cases were the B-type Influenza.Among 356 cases samples collected from influenza-like cases throat swab samples in epidemic areas of influenza outbreaks,165 cases were positive for influenza RNA,of whom 112 cases were new Influenza A H1N1,51 cases were the H3N2 influenza,2 cases were the B-type influenza.The time trend of influenza in Zhenjiang sentinel hospitals was mainly the B-type influenza from June to July in 2009,the H3N2-type influenza from August to September in 2009,the new-type of influenza A H1N1 from October to December in 2009.The first case with the newtype of influenza A H1N1 appeared in June,2009.The new-type of influenza A H1N1 presented outbreaks locally from July to August.The new-type of influenza A H1N1 cases showed a significant increase from September to December in Zhenjiang.The influenza-like H1 subtype antibody of 85 cases from 362 cases with influenza-like H1 subtype were positive,and the positive rate was 23.48%.Conclusions The test results of influenza-like cases in sentinel hospitals could be used to predict the epidemic trends of influenza,and take control measures in advance.

Objective To establish a real-time PCR assay for rapid detection of influenza virus,to analyze the results of influenza surveillance in Zhenjiang in 2009,and to provide a scientific basis for prevention of influenza.Methods The throat swabs were collected from the suspected influenza-like cases from three sentinel hospitals or influenza patients in the outbreaks of epidemic sites in Zhenjing,the samples were detected by real-time PCR assay.Results Totally 758 positive samples of influenza nucleic acid were detected from 2,229 samples collected in the sentinel hospitals,there were 423 copies for the new influenza A H1N1,242 copies for the H3N2,8 copies for the H1N1 and 26 copies for the B type.165 positive samples of influenza nucleic acid were detected from 356 samples collected in the outbreaks of epidemic sites,there were 112 copies for the new influenza A H1N1,51 copies for the H3N2,and 2 copies for the B type.Conclusions Influenza virus type B was pandemiced from June to July in sentinel hospitals in Zhenjing,2009;H3N2 was pandemiced from August to September;and the new influenza A H1N1 was pandemiced from October to December.The first new influenza A H1N1 case appeared in June from the outbreak of epidemic site and was characterized by local endemics from July to August.During the period of September to December,the new influenza A H1N1 positive percentage was significantly increased compared with the influenza virus column.It is necessary to enhance the surveillance,prevention and control of new influenza A H1N1 in schools and other public gathering places.

Objective To investigate the pathogenic distribution of hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD) in Zhenjiang,and to provide a basis for controlling and preventing the disease. Methods Throat swab,anal swab,stool,herpes fluid and other specimens of clinically diagnosed cases with HFMD were collected.Pan-enterovirus was detected by Real-time RT-PCR.Enterovirus 71 and Coxsackie A16 were determined by PCR with species-special primers. Results Samples from 473 clinically diagnosed cases with HFMD were collected.209 cases of Pan-enterovirus were detected,with the positive rate of 44.19%,including 135 cases of Enterovirus 71 and 60 cases of Coxsackie A16,with the positive rates of 28.54% and 12.68%,respectively.Infection mostly occurred in high population areas from April to August.The onset age mainly focused on 2~5 years old children.The gender distribution showed that male patients were more than female ones. Conclusions The HFMD in Zhenjiang region was mainly caused by EV71 and CA16,and the children aged below 5 years were the high-risk population.