目的 对2018-2020年镇江市苯作业人员健康状况进行分析,明确苯所致职业健康状况的变化趋势,为职业病防治工作提供依据.方法 收集2018-2020年苯作业人员职业健康检查数据,Excel 2010建立数据库,采用Stata 14.0对相关数据进行x2检验.结果 共调查451人,检查者多来自于化学原料和化学制品制造业的小型私有企业,年龄多集中在40～＜50岁,工龄以＜10年的男性居多.血常规、尿常规、肝功能、心电图、血压异常检出率较高者多以年龄≥30岁、接苯工龄10～＜40年、非公有制经济、电气机械和器材制造业及化学原料和化学制品制造业的中小型企业男性为主,且在行业、企业规模、年龄、工龄与性别分布上差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).专项检查中白细胞在行业分类、企业规模、经济类型分布上差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).其中行业分布上以铁路、船舶航空航天和其他运输设备制造业检出率较高(3人,检出率12.00％),企业规模以大型企业检出率较高(1人,检出率12.50％),企业性质以外商企业检出率较高(2人,检出率14.29％);年龄多集中在40～＜50岁(5人,检出率2.86％)和≥60岁(1人,检出率3.57％),工龄以30～＜40年为主(2人,检出率6.90％),女性为主(3人,检出率2.86％).结论 应重点关注中小型私有制经济制造业对接苯劳动者带来的职业危害,同时应加强对作业点空气中苯浓度监测工作.

Objective To explore the effect of occupational exposure to glyphosate on hepatorenal function. Methods 526 workers who were occupationally exposed to glyphosate from 5 glyphosate-producing factories were selected as cases; and another 442 administrative staffs who were not exposed to glyphosate were selected as controls from April to November, 2014. All the subjects accepted occupational health examination. The concentration level of glyphosate in the air of workshop was detected and the time weighted average concentration (TWA) was calculated. And analyze the difference of hepatorenal fuction between case group and control group. Result The age of the subjects in the case and control groups were separately (35.6±10.3), (34.3±9.7) years old, with the length of working for (6.5±5.7), (7.7±6.8) years. The TWA of glyphosate in the case group was between<0.03-48.91 mg/m3,with the geometric mean at 3.78 mg/m3. The overall rates of abnormal hepatic and renal function in the case group were 14.4%(76 cases) and 16.2%(85 cases), respectively;while those were 5.0%(22 cases) and 4.8%(21 cases), respectively in control group, and the difference showed statistical significance (P<0.05). When TWA reached <0.03-6.00 mg/m3, the difference of hepatorenal fuction between case group and control group showed statistical significance, and the rates of abnormal hepatic and renal function was 8.0%(36/447)and 9.8%(44/447)respectively in case group. When cumulative exposure level reached <1.56-68.64 g, the difference of hepatorenal fuction between case group and control group showed statistical significance, and the rates increased to 9.2%(37/404)and 10.4%(42/404)respectively in group of cases. Conclusion Glyphosate can affect the hepatic and renal function among occupational exposure population, and there was an association between the effect and the exposure dose.

[Objective] To understand the number of newly diagnosed cases of occupational diseases and types of enterprises in Zhenjiang City,put forward the control countermeasures.[Methods]The data of diagnosed cases which were registered in the Zhenjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2015 were collected and analyzed.[Results]There were 47 diagnosed cases of occupational diseases in 2015,and 46 cases were pneumoconiosis disease,accounting for 97.9％.25 cases were delivered by social affairs management institutions,accounting for 53.2％.There was no case of occupational poisoning,and 1 case (noise induced deafness) was induced by physical factors.39 cases occurred in national economy enterprises and 8 cases occurred in private economy enterprises,which accounted for 83.0％ and 17.0％ respectively.11 cases were reported in large enterprises and 31 cases were reported in small enterprises,which accounted for 23.4％ and 66.0％ respectively.There were 46 male patients,accounting for 97.9％.All cases were diagnosed by centers for disease control and prevention.[Conclusion]The pneumoconiosis is the main occupational disease in Zhenjiang City.The prevention and control work should focus on male workers in thermal power industry,national economy and the private economy enterprises,and it is necessary to establish new occupational disease diagnosis institute.

目的 了解镇江市新确诊职业病人享受工伤保险待遇情况.方法 收集2015年镇江市疾病预防控制中心登记的新确诊职业病人信息和电话调查数据,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析.结果 2015年,镇江市共确诊职业病人57例,除25例退伍军人外,其余32例职业病人以尘肺病为主(占65.63％);其中28例购买了工伤保险,仅15例享受工伤保险待遇(占46.88％),包括尘肺病14例、急性苯胺中毒1例.不同行业工伤保险待遇享受率由高到低依次为机械制造、煤炭及火力发电、采矿及建材,差异无统计学意义(P=0.607),不同规模、经济类型企业工伤保俭待遇享受率差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05).病例以7级伤残为主,伤残病例待遇享受率为100.00％,非伤残病例待遇享受率为19.05％.结论 本市企业职业病人工伤保险待遇享受情况较差,建议加大对职业病危害企业的监管力度,督促企业为工人购买工伤保险,保护其合法权利.

[Objective] To analyze the network direct report status of key occupational diseases in Zhenjiang City since 2006,investigate the epidemic trend,and provide the basis for the prevention and control of key occupational diseases.[Methods] The data of network direct report from 2006-2015 were divided into two groups (data in 5 years as one group) and were analyzed.[Results] There were 575 cases of key occupational diseases by network direct report,and pneumoconiosis,accounting for 84.7％.The cases in power production,coking and coal mining industry accounted for more than 60％.335 cases were reported in state-owned economic enterprises,accounting for 58.3％.During 2006-2010 and 2011-2015,there were totally 194 cases in large enterprises and 146 cases in small enterprises,accounting for 57.9％ and 60.8％ respectively.There were 524 male cases,accounting for 91.1％.In the periods of 2006-2010 and 2011-2015,the cases concentrated in the 25-29 and 4-6 working year groups respectively,which both accounted for more than 30％.[Conclusion] The pneumoconiosis is the predominant occupational diseases in Zhenjiang City from 2006-2015,power production and coal mining are the high risk industries,and cases in state-owned economic enterprises still occupy the main position of network direct report.The epidemic situation of key occupational diseases shows a tendency of large and medium-sized enterprises accounted for the majority to small and micro enterprises accounted for the majority.The male employees are still the main population of occupational diseases.The working years of onset for key occupational diseases appear shorter trend.

[Objective]To analyze the occupational health service and hearing impairment among noise exposed workers,put forward the recommendations for improving the service level. [Methods]The data were collected through the detection of noise intensity,investigation of noise exposed workers,and hearing test,to analyze the impact of noise on workers' hearing.[Results] A total of 1 080 noise exposed workers were investigated,including 991(91.8%) male workers(91.8%) and 89(8.2%) female workers.The hearing impairment was observed in 364 workers with the incidence rate of 33.70%,and there was a dose-response relationship between the incidence rate of hearing impairment and the cumulative noise exposure(CNE). 96.1% of workers obtained the occupational health knowledge by training. The major hazard factors were noise and dust. The awareness rate of hazard factors among workers in the large enterprise was higher than that in the medium and small-sized enterprises. Over 90% of workers have enjoyed the different occupational health services.[Conclusion]The workers in the factories and mines have enjoyed the better occupational health services in Zhenjiang City,but it should be further improved. The noise-hazard is serious in noise exposure enterprises.

目的 分析镇江市电焊作业人员噪声暴露水平和听力损伤情况,分析其他因素对噪声性听力损伤的影响.方法 随机选择8家企业共980名工人为噪声暴露组进行调查,其中男性900名,女性80名.通过现场噪声强度检测、现场接噪工人调查、纯音听力测试收集相关数据,分析噪声对接噪工人听力的影响.结果 调查样本980人,饮酒人数399名,占40.7％.5家企业噪声暴露水平在85 dB(A)以上.69.3％的暴露人员能正确使用个人防护用品.健康检查结果与1 089名非噪声暴露人员进行比较,心电图心室异常年差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).工龄分析显示,5～10、10～15、15～20、≥20a组与＜5 a组相比听力损伤存在统计学差异(x2值分别为6.368、5.773、6.285、4.915均P＜0.05),听力异常的发生率与累积噪声暴露强度(CNE)、饮酒、工龄具有统计学意义(OR值分别为1.557、1.402、0.473,95％ CI分别为1.382～1.754、1.043～1.886、0.301～0.744,均P＜0.05.趋势性x2检验x2=63.287,P＜0.000,显示听力异常的发生率与CNE存在剂量-反应关系,饮酒与噪声对听力的影响有协同作用.结论 接触噪声企业噪声危害情况较为严重,听力损伤的发生率随累积CNE增加而增大,噪声除了对听力产生影响外,还对血液、尿液、心脏等产生影响.

目的 了解某化学品制造企业的职业工效学现况,并对其进行评价,以确定下一步的改进措施.方法 采用现场卫生学调查方法及经验法对作业人员主要作业点进行调查分析.结果 该企业为四班两运转,劳动定员74人.周工作时间≤40 h.控制室及化验室监控作业系统为视觉显示器,与环境背景对比度高,数据易于判读;空调系统温度为26℃,DCS(集散控制系统)操作台高度为85 cm,靠背椅高度为90 cm,椅面高度为40 cm;作业人员作业动力单元主要靠手肘部及眼部操作,形成动力链,为无负重坐姿重心.噪声现场检测强度均小于70 dB(A).下行人工投料口的高度为85 cm;作业动力单元主要靠下肢、腰部、手肘部及眼部操作,为较轻负重站姿重心.现场巡检作业动力单元主要靠下肢、腰部、手肘部及眼部操作,为人体较轻负重站姿重心,重心靠近人体,用力对称;现场空气温度受天气变化与生产设备的的影响,在夏季有高温危害,但作业人员主要为短时间接触,危害较小;噪声现场检测强度为LEX,8h=86.3 dB(A).职业病危害因素检测结果显示,除噪声强度检测点合格率为71.43％外,其他危害因素检测点合格率为100％.结论 该企业在合理用力、人机系统、作业环境和劳动组织等方面基本可行,但存在职业工效学影响因素,需要进一步改进职业工效学措施.

目的 了解某医院放射工作者近11年健康状况,评估低剂量长期辐射对工作人员健康的影响,为制定防护措施提供科学依据.方法 对该医院从事医用X线诊断、治疗、放射线同位素应用以及其他应用的放射工作人员进行个人暴露剂量监测和职业健康监护,然后对相关结果进行归纳分析.结果 2003年人均年剂量最高,为0.59 mSv/a;1.8％的放射人员暴露剂量＞5 mSv,其余年份92％以上的人员暴露剂量均小于＜2 mSv;人均年剂量当量均小于1 mSv/a.2005年牙龈出血发生率为2.7％、神经衰弱综合征发生率为8.0％,2013年分别高达6.3％、15.2％;眼晶体异常均在16.1％以上.实验室检查结果显示,尿素氨(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)和甲胎蛋白(AFP)阳性检出率差异有统计学意义(x2分别为32.332、35.480、52.551,均P＜0.01);经趋势性x2检验,BUN、Cr和AFP阳性检出率呈逐年下降趋势.与2003年比较,其他各年份BUN结果变化较大;Cr明显降低;AFP呈逐年下降趋势.2003年至2013年染色体平均畸变率为11.1％.总体差异无统计学意义(x2=10.233,P＞0.05);经趋势性x2检验显示,差异有统计学意义(x2=6.990,P＜0.01).结论 该医院医疗放射工作者个人暴露剂量、异常症状及体征阳性检出率、血常规异常、染色体畸变率较高,值得关注.

[Objective] To investigate the impact of noise produced in the process of paper manufacturing on workers' blood pressure.[Methods] Sound pressure levels of different workplaces were detected in a large paper mill.Workers with occupational exposure to the noise in the mill were selected as observation group and administration staff from other factories as control group.A physical examination including blood pressure was conducted.Data obtained were used to analyze the prevalence of hypertension in workers with different noise exposure levels.[Results] The prevalence of hypertension in the observation group(9.1%) was obviously higher than that in the control group(4.9%)(P 0.01).Trend chi-square test showed a clear dose-response relationship between noise exposure(8 h equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level,LAeq) and the prevalence of hypertension(P 0.05).[Conclusion] Noise pollution exists in the paper mill.Long-time exposure to the noise could affect workers' blood pressure and induce hypertension.

[Objective]To investigate and analyze the effect of protection facilities against occupational hazards in a fine chemicals enterprise,to evaluate occupational hazards control effect and the risk level of occupational hazards.[Methods]Field hygienic investigation,experience method,check list method and occupational health examination were applied to conduct analysis and evaluation on the fine chemicals enterprise.[Results] Related factors including site selection,the overall layout,the facilities layout,occupational disease preventive and protective measures,the individual protection facilities,the occupational health management,the auxiliary room facilities all accorded with the national regulations;the production process in the fine chemicals enterprise could generate other dusts(zinc oxide,sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate dihydrate),methanol,formaldehyde,caustic soda,sulfur dioxide,noise,high temperature and heat radiation,power frequency electric field,among which formaldehyde was over standard,noise exposure reached the level I and high temperature and heat radiation reached level II at some working posts.[Conclusion]The control measures against occupational hazards in this fine chemicals enterprise are feasible and effective,but management should be enhanced in some working posts.

[Objective]To investigate the influence of paper manufacturing noise to the health of the workers with exposure.[Methods]The noise density of different work place was detected in a large papermaking enterprise.The papermaking workers who exposed to noise in the factory were selected as exposed group and some administration staffs in the other factory were recruited as control group.Their physical examination including audiometry,ECG and blood pressure.The abnormal rate of examination results between workers with different length of noise exposure was analyzed statistically.[Results] The rate of high-frequency hearing loss rate,speech frequency hearing loss rate,abnormal rate of hypertension and abnormal ECG in exposed group(22.6%,12.3%,10.4%,22.1% respectively) was higher than those of control group(8.5%,4.6%,5.4%,16.3%,respectively.There were significant differences(all P<0.05).[Conclusion]Noise pollution is prevalent in the papermaking enterprise.The noise has great influence to the auditory system and cardiovascular system of workers.Therefore,it is necessary to take effective prevention measures in paper production industry to protect workers'health.

目的 调查存在职业危害的企业员工离职率及离职倾向的影响因素.方法 以两家硅太阳能企业员工(525人)为研究样本,结合定性访谈及调查问卷,运用逐级回归方法在分析各变量对员工离职倾向解释能力基础上,进一步分析子项目对离职倾向的相关性,探讨影响因素.结果 离职率为43.89％,其中主动离职率为27.89％.工作满意度、职业成长度、组织支持感与离职倾向的相关系数分别为-0.513、-0.452和-0.416,P＜0.01.工作满意度进入离职倾向回归模型,其中工作环境相关系数最高(r=-0.501).结论 工作满意度、职业成长度及组织支持感在一定程度上决定员工是否离职,其中工作满意度起决定作用,而对工作环境的满意度为决定硅太阳能企业员工离职倾向的关键性因素.

目的 调查存在职业危害的企业员工离职率及离职倾向的影响因素.方法 以两家硅太阳能企业员工(525人)为研究样本,结合定性访谈及调查问卷,运用逐级回归方法在分析各变量对员工离职倾向解释能力基础上,进一步分析子项目对离职倾向的相关性,探讨影响因素.结果 离职率为43.89％,其中主动离职率为27.89％.工作满意度、职业成长度、组织支持感与离职倾向的相关系数分别为-0.513、-0.452和-0.416,P＜0.01.工作满意度进入离职倾向回归模型,其中工作环境相关系数最高(r=-0.501).结论 工作满意度、职业成长度及组织支持感在一定程度上决定员工是否离职,其中工作满意度起决定作用,而对工作环境的满意度为决定硅太阳能企业员工离职倾向的关键性因素。

The constant increase in the number of drug users and rapidly spread of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among drug users result in a serious public health problem in China. To investigate HCV prevalence among drug users in Zhenjiang city, Jiangsu, China, 207 drug users from Zhenjiang were enrolled in this study during 2009 and the prevalence of HCV, HIV and syphilis infection were detected. HCV prevalence among injection drug users (IDUs) was 81.6%, significantly higher than that (22.9%) among oral drug users ( P < 0.001), suggesting a strong association of HCV infection with injection drug use (IDU). Most drug users were more than 25 years old (89.2%), single (60.5%, including single and divorced/widowed), and had a history of drug abuse over 6 years (92.9%). HCV prevalence among drug users with middle (72.6%) or high (83.8%) school diplomas was significantly higher than that among those with lower (46.9%) education level ( P = 0.007). HCV prevalence among IDUs did not obviously change along with the increase in duration of drug use and in frequency of injection per day, suggesting less association of HCV infection with both variables. These results suggest that most Chinese addicts might start drug use after their middle/high school education. To reduce drug use and to prevent HIV and HCV transmission via IDU, large-scale drug prevention educations should be urgently conducted in all China’s middle and high schools.

Objective: To monitor and analyze the regular epidemic pattern and etiology features of influenza in Zhenjiang in 2010,so as to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of influenza.Methods: The throat swab of outpatient visits for influenza like illness(ILI) in the monitoring sentinel hospitals were collected and detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Serum samples of influenza-like illness were tested by hemagglutination inhibition assay on H1,H3 and new H1 subtype antibody which were seasonal.Results: In 2010,9433 ILI were monitored and accounted for(ILI%) 1.69% of the total number of outpatient and emergency cases. 411 cases of throat swabs were positive,in which 111(27.01%) were H3 subtype,23(5.60%) were new H1N1,277(67.39%) were influenza B virus. Among the 3035 influenza-like illness cases,923 cases of H1 subtype antibody samples were detected with positive rate of 30.4%,810 cases of H3 subtype antibody samples were detected with positive rate of 26.7%,868 cases of new H1 subtype antibody samples were detected with positive rate of 28.6%. Conclusion: The crowd of this city has obtained a certain degree of immunity to the influenza virus,but the virus is still relatively active.The comprehensive preventive measures of influenza vaccination should be taken before the peak of the epidemic.

[Objective]To identify and evaluate the possible occupational hazard factors in this construction project,provide the technical evidences for project approval. [Methods]The qualitative and quantitative evaluation was conducted by empirical method and analogy analysis,the possible occupational hazard factors in this construction project were identified,and its damage degree was analyzed,so as to assess the feasibility of protective measures. [Results]In the feasibility study report of this project,the location and overall layout,protective measures of occupational hazards,health auxiliary chamber and individual protective articles,occupational health management,emergency response measures accorded with the hygienic requirements. [Conclusion]There are occupational hazard factors in this project.In order to achieve the desired effect of occupational hazards prevention,it is necessary to strictly implement the occupational hazard protection measures.

[Objective]To understand and evaluate the status of occupational hazards in a coking plant,and provide evidence for developing control measures. [Methods]Field hygienic investigation,analogy,experience method and occupational health examination were applied to conduct evaluation on the coking plant. [Results]Related factors including site selection,the overall layout,the facilities layout,occupational disease preventive and protective measures,the individual protection facilities,the occupational health management,the auxiliary room facilities all accorded with the national regulations;the production process in the coking plant could generate coal dust,other dust,hydrogen sulfide,ammonia,carbon oxides,nitrogen oxides,benzene and benzo(a) pyrene,naphthalene,phenolic compounds,bisulfide carbon,hydrogen cyanide,coke oven emissions,noise,vibration and heat and thermal radiation,among which dust exposure reached the level I and noise reached level II at some working posts. [Conclusion]The control measures against occupational hazards in this coking plant are feasible and effective,but management should be enhanced in some working posts.

In order to analyze the immunity effect of veterinary rabies vaccine in dogs and understand the factors influencing immunity effect we collected some serums from immunized dogs or non-immunized dogs.The antibodies against rabies in serums were detected by ELISA.The results showed that the antibody positive rate was 34.53%(67/194) in immunized dogs in Zhenjiang city and the difference on the antibody positive rate was significant in different areas.The difference on antibody positive rate between the dogs immunized 3 times or more and less than 3 times was significant.The antibody positive rate in immunized dogs was not high in Zhenjiang.It could not prevent the spread of rabies in dogs.The low immunity times were one of the reasons for low positive rates.These results would provide data for the prevention and control on rabies.