Objective:To investigate the morbidity of diabetic retinopathy(diabetic retinopathy,DR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus,and explore risk factors of DR.Methods: On-site surveys and fundus examination were performed for diabetes mellitus patients,and the survey data were analyzed.Results: The prevalence of DR was 7.51% in Taiyuan provincial authorities,while it was 18.28% in Pingyao County.The odd ratio(OR) and 95% confidence interval(95% CI) of higher income was 0.209(0.050~0.881) in Taiyuan,while 0.034(0.002~0.563) in Pingyao;OR and 95% CI of higher education degree was 0.040(0.004~0.387) in laiyuan,while in Pingyao was 0.033(0.001~0.745).For duration of diabetes,OR and 95% CI in Taiyuan was 1.444(1.011~2.063),in pingyao was 2.165(1.178~3.982),both were related to DR.Conclusions: The prevalence rate of DR are different in urban and rural areas in Shanxi Province.DR in Taiyuan city urban areas is less than Pingyao Country in rural areas.Income,education degree and diabetes course are risk factors of DR.