Objective::To understand the prevalence of myopia among school-age children in Jiaocheng county, Shanxi province; to analyze its epidemic characteristics, and explore its possible influencing factors, so as to provide a scientific basis for the establishment of a local, comprehensive myopia prevention and control system.Methods::Cross-sectional investigation. In March 2019, a cluster random sampling method was adopted to select students from 3 primary schools and 3 middle schools in Jiaocheng County (2 classes in each grade) for visual acuity and refractive error examination. The developmental trend of myopia in schoolchildren of different ages was compared by a Chi-square trend test, and the influencing factors were analyzed by logistic regression.Results::A total of 3 927 school-age children, aged from 6 to 14 years old, with an average age of 10.3±0.6 years, were investigated, and the male to female ratio was 1.13:1. The total rate of poor vision and myopia was 76.24% and 80.14%, respectively. The detection rate of medium and high myopia increased gradually with an increase in age ( χ2for trend=294.84, P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that female gender was a risk factor for myopia. For students aged 9-11 and 12-14, more than 2 hours of homework was a risk factor for myopia. More than 2 hours of outdoor activities, adequate sleep, and at least 2 or more eye health check-ups per year were protective factors for myopia. Conclusion::The incidence of reduced visual acuity and myopia among school-age children in Jiaocheng county of Shanxi province is at a higher level in China. It is necessary to take necessary measures of intervention as soon as possible, build a comprehensive myopia prevention and control system, and raise an awareness of myopia prevention and control among the entire population.

Objective:To analyze the surgery efficacy and the pathogenesis of Terson syndrome.Methods:The clinical data of 18 eyes of 10 patients with Terson syndrome treated with vitrectomy from Sep. 2017 to Oct. 2019 in the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University were analyzed retrospectively. Preoperative and postoperative visual acuity were compared. The relations between the different surgical timing and efficacy were compared, and the pathogenesis of Terson syndrome were analyzed.Results:The visual acuity (BCVA, log MAR) of all patients at 1 month postoperatively was 0.36±0.28, which was better than the 2.78±0.43 before surgery( t=20.12, P<0.05). The postoperative visual acuity of the shorter course group (<3 months) was 0.36±0.19, which was better than the 0.74±0.22 of the longer course group (≥3 months) and the difference was statistically significant( t=13.480, P=0.008). Introperatively, all cases were found to have highly similar clinical features, such as yellow-white domes in the early stage and similar near-round lesions in the late stage, strip bleeding and opacity starting from the optic disc and centered on Cloquet’s canal. Conclusion:Vitrectomy for Terson syndrome can effectively improve visual acuity. The early surgery is performed, the better vision is achieved. According to the fundus diseases, it is speculated that the pathogenesis of Terson syndrome may be caused by intracranial hypertension leading to the blood penetrating the lamina cribrosa sclerae into vitreous body or the rupture of the retinal venula and capillaries because of venous occlusion.

Objective:To demonstrate the features and the outcomes of the Langerhans cells (LCs) during the treatment of endotheliitis by in vivo confocal mircroscopy(HRT-II).Method:32 patients diagnosed of corneal endotheliitis were involved. Changes of LCs and inflammatory cells in cornea were detected using HRT-II before and after treatment.Result:HRT-II images revealed that (1) epithelium cells swelled, blurred, but they arranged more structured after 2 weeks treatment. (2) A numerous LCs presented in the anterior stromal layer and gradually abated with disease regression.(3) The density of sub-basal nerve plexus was significantly lower than that of normal, which was denser after treatment. (4) The endothelial cells could not be visualized at the beginning which recovered 7 or 14 days after treatment.Conclusion:HRT-II can provide detailed histopathology proofs and appear dynamically the transformation after treatment.

Objective To observe the changes of meibomian morphology after treatment using non-contact infrared meibography.Methods Prospective case control study.Fifty-four MGD patients (62 eyes) from Shanxi Eye Hospital outpatient department were enrolled in this study according to the PPP.All patients were subjected to the slip-lamp,Schirmer's Test Ⅰ,corneal fluorescein staining,the no-invasive tear film break-up time (NIBUT),DR-Ⅰ Tearscope Plus and infrared meibography before and after treatment respectively.The various parameters of dry eye and the changes of meibomian glands were compared.Results After treatment,the NTBUT and tear interferometry exhibited significantly improved,as compared to these before treatment (P =0.01;P =0.032).Meibomian gland morphology,corneal fluorescein staining and Schirmer's Test Ⅰ were improved after treatment but the differences were not statistically significant (t =0.068,P =0.716;t=0.15 P =0.19;t =0.06,P =0.08).Slip-lamp revealed the significant progressive changes of glandular secretion and characters (t =2.02,P =0.04;t =2.56,P =0.01).Conclusions MGD should be treated timely and comprehensively in order to decrease the symbols of dry eyes.The non-contact infrared meibography system is useful for obtaining information on the meibomian gland structure,not only effective,real-time but objective.

<正>泪道阻塞是一类常见眼科疾病,患者主要症状为溢泪,长期的泪液浸渍可引起慢性刺激性结膜炎、下睑和面颊部湿疹性皮炎[1],亦可导致慢性泪囊炎及泪小管炎的发生,影响正常的工作和生活。近年来,随着眼科医务工作者的不断创新和努力,目前泪道阻塞的治疗方法逐步更新,鼻外或鼻内窥

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of biological amnion transplantation on moderate ocular surface alkali burns.To evaluate the possibility of biological amnion treatment for ocular alkali bums during early stage. Methods Thirty-two alkali bums patients who classified as Ⅱ ～Ⅲ degree according to Roper-Hall classification were enrolled in this study.They were divided into two groups to the course of disease:group A had 24 eyes (24 hours-2 weeks),group B had 18 eyes (2 weeks-1 month).All patients underwent biological amnion transplantation by the same surgeon.The limbus and bulbar conjunctiva were observed by laser scanning confocal microscope before and after the surgery,and the densities of the inflammatory cells and goblet cells were calculated.All patients were given clinical exam and value the scores of acuity vision,corneal fluorescent staining,degree of symblepharon and corneal neovascularization.Matching t test was used to compare the changes between two groups. Results The corneal epithelia of the patients in group A manifested irregular features.There were numerous small inflammatory cells beneath the superficial epithelia and very few goblet cells.The images of the endothelial layer were unclear,and it was hard to discriminate the morphology of each cell.In group B,it was still hard to discriminate the morphology of the corneal epithelia.The inflammatory cells beneath the superficial epithelia decreased,and there were few goblet cells.The morphology of the corneal epithelia was improved,and the inflammatory cells decreased with the goblet cells increasing in both groups.The densities of inflammatory cells beneath the superficial epithelia were (5409±302) cell/field,(3814±286) cell/field in group A and B respectively before operation,that were (2854±307) cell/field,(2018±198) cell/field in group A and B respectively after operation.The P value was ＜0.05 by matching t test.The densities of goblet cells were (5±2) cell/field,(10±6) cell/field in group A and B respectively before operation,that were (15±4) cell/field,(17±3) cell/field in group A and B respectively after operation.The P value was ＜0.05 by matching t test.There wasn't a significant difference in the scores of corneal fluorescent staining between the two groups; however,there were significant changes in the degree of moderate symblepharon and score of corneal neovascularization. Conclusions Early amniotic membrane transplantation is effective for reconstruction of ocular surface and decreasing the related complications.The laser scanning confocal microscopy is a useful tool to clearly show that the morphology of the ocular surface of moderate alkali burns patients among and evaluated the effect of the operation.

年龄相关性黄斑变性(age-related macular degeneration,AMD)可有视网膜下新生血管膜形成,严重危害人类视力.在西方国家,AMD已成为首要致肓眼病.随着我国向老龄化社会发展以及白内障手术的完善,AMD已成为我陶主要致肓眼疾之一.AMD的病因尚朱确定,流行病学研究提示,慢性视网膜光损伤可能为AMD发病的主要原因.

Objective:To investigate the morbidity of diabetic retinopathy(diabetic retinopathy,DR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus,and explore risk factors of DR.Methods: On-site surveys and fundus examination were performed for diabetes mellitus patients,and the survey data were analyzed.Results: The prevalence of DR was 7.51% in Taiyuan provincial authorities,while it was 18.28% in Pingyao County.The odd ratio(OR) and 95% confidence interval(95% CI) of higher income was 0.209(0.050~0.881) in Taiyuan,while 0.034(0.002~0.563) in Pingyao;OR and 95% CI of higher education degree was 0.040(0.004~0.387) in laiyuan,while in Pingyao was 0.033(0.001~0.745).For duration of diabetes,OR and 95% CI in Taiyuan was 1.444(1.011~2.063),in pingyao was 2.165(1.178~3.982),both were related to DR.Conclusions: The prevalence rate of DR are different in urban and rural areas in Shanxi Province.DR in Taiyuan city urban areas is less than Pingyao Country in rural areas.Income,education degree and diabetes course are risk factors of DR.

Objective To investigate the effect of visible light on apoptosis of cultured rabbit retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)cells.Methods RPE cells were digested,separated and identified with two-step enzymic method.The cells were divided into control group and experimental group.RPE cells in experimental group were exposed to cold white light(3 652±213)Lux for 6 hours.Bcl-2 mRNA in site hybridization(ISH)were detected in all cells before exposure to light,3 hours,12 hours,24 hours and 72 hours after exposure and observed the expression of Bcl-2 gene.Some RPE cells were observed with transmission electron microscope(TEM)in 24 hours after exposure.Results The percentage of ISH positive cells in control group showed no obvious change.In the experimental group,the positive rate was(82.29±5.65)% 3 hours after exposure without significant difference(P>0.05).The positive rate was decreased gradually 12 hours or longer after exposure and showed significant difference.The positive rate was(44.07±7.11)% 72 hours after exposure.The typical apoptotic changes were found in the cells which received the visible light exposure by TEM,for instance:fragmentation of chromatin,apoptotic body,et al.Conclusion Some extent of visible light can induce apoptosis of rabbit RPE cells in vitro.During some time after the exposure,visible light can initiate the protective mechanism of the RPE cells.