【Objective】The effects of three-factor interaction（nitrogen application rate, number of remained leaves from branches and topping stage） on yield and quality of burley tobacco are explored to provide the scientific basis for standardized production of burley tobacco.【Method】The effects of different factor combination of nitrogen application rate（300.0 kg/hm~2, 337.5 kg/hm~2 and 375.0 kg/hm~2）, number of remained leaves（6, 9 and 12） and topping stage（early squaring stage, squaring stage and early flowering stage） on agronomic trait, yield and economic value of Eyan 1 are studied by an orthogonal design.【Result】The nitrogen application rate is the key factor to influence agronomic traits, yield, output value of burley tobacco and nicotine content of the upper and branch leaves. The number of remained leaves has the greatest effects on average price and first-class tobacco rate of burley tobacco. T 9 （375.0 kg/hm~2 N + 12 remained leaves + topping at squaring stage）, T 8 （375.0 kg/hm~2 N + 9 remained leaves + topping at early squaring stage） and T 6 （375.0 kg/hm~2 N + 12 remained leaves + topping at early squaring stage） have the highest yield, highest output value and highest average price, highest first-class tobacco rate respectively.【Conclusion】The growth vigour, appearance quality, major economic traits and chemical components of Eyan 1 are the best under the conditions of 375.0 kg/hm~2 N + 12 remained leaves + topping at squaring stage in Jianshi burley tobacco-growing area.

[目的]改善高山烟区白肋烟晾制易发生棚烂和霉变现象,提高白肋烟的晾制质量.[方法]对简易拱形晾晒棚、简易拱形增温晾晒棚、"89式"增温晾房、"89式"标准晾房(CK)4种晾制模式进行晾制对照试验.[结果]简易拱形晾晒棚和简易拱形增温晾晒棚对晾房内的平均温湿度控制效果优于"89式"增温晾房和"89式"标准晾房;简易拱形增温晾晒棚产生的经济效益最高,产量较对照提高12.35％、产值增加8433.90元/hm2、上中等烟率较对照提高7.82％、烟叶霉变率降低至4.09％,简易拱形晾晒棚产生的经济效益次之,且能将烟叶霉变率控制在4.17％.[结论]综合比较4种晾制模式产生的经济效益和成本投入,简易拱形晾晒棚和简易拱形增温晾晒棚模式更符合高山烟区白肋烟持续性发展和晾制要求.

The burley tobacco variety of TN90LC with low content of tobacco–specific nitrosamines(TSNAs) and N'?nitrosonornicotine (NNN) was introduced from America. The results of experiment and evaluation indicated that the content of TSNAs, NNN and the nornicotine conversion of TN90LC were significantly lower than those of Eyan 1 (control variety). The average yield of TN90LC was 2638.60 kg/hm2, and the percentage of the sum of first grade tobacco and middle grade tobacco reached 86.06%. The resistant results showed that TN90LC has moderate to normal resistance to black shank, and normal resistance to TMV, moderate resistance to root knot nematode disease. The appearance quality and sensory quality of TN90LC were both better than those of the control, the content of main chemical components was appropriate, and the harmony of chemical components was also better. By comprehensive analysis, the TN90LC was an excellent burley tobacco variety which is compatible in several important traits, including less–harmful, fine quality, proper yield and enough resistibility to main diseases.

为筛选出高产优质白肋烟新品种(系),对2937、27039、1045、2949、27011、B0833、2619和鄂烟1号(对照)等8个白肋烟品种(系)进行区域试验.结果表明,烟叶产量和产值上,以2937最高,1045、2949、27011、2619与对照相差不大,B0833和27039最低;外观品质上,以2937和B0833较好,2949、27011和2619稍差,27039和1045最差;抗黑胫病以2937、1045、2949、27011和2619为高抗,27039中抗,B0833为感病型.综合分析,各品种(系)中以2937表现最好.

随着社会的发展和生活水平的日益提高,作为特殊消费品的烟叶其质量与安全问题也得到越来越多人的关注,有机烟叶的研究和生产亟待开展和推广.在地理条件和气候条件优越的恩施烟区,开展有机烟叶生产有着得天独厚的条件,同时探讨有机烟叶生产的条件和模式也是现代烟草农业发展的必然要求,是实现烟草产业持续、高效发展的不可或缺的组成部分.介绍了有机烟叶的生产现状和生产体系要求,分析其发展前景和优势,以供参考.

Seven Burley tobacco varieties 99P211,OB122,9026,2126,22081,2406 and the contrast Eyan 1 were tested.The results showed that the production and value of 9026 was the best,good leave appearance and anti-Hollow stalk.2126 was good production and value,anti-Hollow stalk strongly,but its leave appearance was a little worse than the contrast's.2406 was good production and value,but worse leave appearance to the contrast and heavy incidence of Hollow stalk.22081,OB122,leave appearance near the control,but worse production and value to the contrast,bad anti-Hollow stalk.99P211 good leave appearance,but obviously lower production and value to the control and heavy incidence of Hollow stalk.

研究了白肋烟旺长后生育期间主要化学成分烟碱、总氮、蛋白质、还原糖、钾、镁、钙含量的变化.打顶后是白肋烟烟碱积累最快的时期.7月27日(旺长期)以后大田生长期间,总氮和蛋白质相对含量总趋势持续下降.8月16日(开花打顶)～8月26日(中部叶成熟期)氮碱比由较高(>2)变为协调(1-2).还原糖除开花打顶后到中部叶成熟期略有增加外,总的趋势是减少.旺长以后尤其是成熟期钾含量总的是减少.钙含量则随着烟株生长而增加.镁在旺长以后总的趋势是略增加,到生长后期成熟时增至高峰.同时还针对这些变化,分析了土壤肥料的供给情况,提出了一些降低烟碱的措施.

研究了白肋烟调制期间主要化学成分烟碱、总氮、蛋白质、还原糖、钾、镁、钙含量的变化趋势.晾制开始阶段是烟碱相对含量增加较多的时期,结束前有所减少.晾制期间,总氮和蛋白质相对含量总的趋势是持续下降.氮碱比变为不适宜时期是调制前期,应在这一时期采取措施调节其比值.还原糖含量的变化趋势是变黄期和干筋期迅速减少.晾制期间钾含量略有增加.