As solar photovoltaic (PV) infrastructure expands across open landscapes, understanding its belowground effects in grassland ecosystems is important for sustainable solar development. PV panels can create spatially heterogeneous microsites by altering light availability, precipitation redistribution, and soil environmental conditions, but their effects on soil bacterial community structure remain insufficiently understood. Here, we investigated soil physicochemical properties and bacterial communities across four PV-associated microsites: undisturbed grassland outside the PV array (Control), the front edge of the panel (FE), beneath the center of the panel (BP), and the uncovered interspace between adjacent panel rows (IS). Soil bacterial communities were characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Most measured soil physicochemical properties did not differ significantly among microsites. Available potassium was the only variable showing an overall microsite effect and was significantly lower in FE and BP than in the Control. Shannon index and Chao1 richness did not differ significantly among microsites. In contrast, Bray–Curtis-based principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed that FE samples occupied a relatively distinct ordination position, whereas Control, BP, and IS samples partially overlapped; permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) indicated a significant overall difference in bacterial community composition among microsites. At the phylum level, no dominant bacterial phylum differed significantly among microsites after false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium were the measured soil variables most closely associated with bacterial community composition at the operational taxonomic unit level in the final model. Together, these results indicate that differences among PV-associated microsites were detected in overall bacterial community composition but not in Shannon index or Chao1 richness. Alpha-diversity and community-composition analyses therefore provide complementary information for evaluating belowground bacterial responses to PV development in grasslands.

The Songnen grassland is an important resource for livestock production in China. Due to the intensification of anthropogenic activities in recent years, vegetation degradation has worsened, and the salinization of grassland has become increasingly serious, which severely affects the sustainable development of grassland animal husbandry. In this study, organic fertilizer addition was carried out at saline-and-alkaline-degraded Songnen grassland sites with photovoltaic panels, and we investigated the effects of organic fertilizer treatments on the vegetation and soil bacteria in these areas. The results showed that both organic fertilizer treatments increased the community composition and diversity indices of plants (p < 0.05); they also had significant effects on soil electrical conductivity and rapidly available potassium (p < 0.05). In the dominant phylum of bacteria, the relative abundance of Firmicutes increased without adding organic fertilizer under the photovoltaic panel; the addition of organic fertilizer had a significant effect on the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Desulfobacterota (p < 0.05), reducing their relative abundance, respectively. There were differences in the number of bacteria at the genus level under different treatments compared to the control, with the highest enrichment of bacteria occurring at the OFE position, and a significant difference (p < 0.05) being found between the control and the other four groups at the genus level of g_norank_f_norank_o_Actinomarinales. Organic fertilizer had a significant effect on the bacterial Simpson diversity index, with the most significant increasing trend found in OFE (the front eaves of the photovoltaic panel in fertilization area). The results of a correlation analysis showed that pH, electrical conductivity, and total nitrogen were the main factors affecting the soil bacterial community.

培养优秀的草学类专业人才是草业发展的关键,而草学类专业又是实践性很强的专业类别.在专业认证背景下探索制订有效的实践教学体系是保障草学类专业教学质量的重要内容.文章通过对草学类专业和草学学科关系的梳理、对实践教学中存在问题的剖析、对实践教学人才培养模式的探讨和实践教学模式、实践教学体系的探索,为各高等农林院校的实践教学培养方案制订提供参考和借鉴,也为其他院校建立林草科技人才培养模式提供参考.

IntroductionSaline-alkali degradation in grassland significantly affects plant community composition and soil physical and chemical properties. However, it remains unclear whether different degradation gradients affect soil microbial community and the main soil driving factors. Therefore, it is important to elucidate the effects of saline-alkali degradation on soil microbial community and the soil factors affecting soil microbial community in order to develop effective solutions to restore the degraded grassland ecosystem. MethodsIn this study, Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the effects of different saline-alkali degradation gradients on soil microbial diversity and composition. Three different gradients were qualitatively selected, which were the light degradation gradient (LD), the moderate degradation gradient (MD) and the severe degradation gradient (SD). ResultsThe results showed that salt and alkali degradation decreased the diversity of soil bacterial and fungal communities, and changed the composition of bacterial and fungal communities. Different degradation gradients had different adaptability and tolerance species. With the deterioration of salinity in grassland, the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota and Chytridiomycota showed a decreasing trend. EC, pH and AP were the main drivers of soil bacterial community composition, while EC, pH and SOC were the main drivers of soil fungal community composition. Different microorganisms are affected by different soil properties. The changes of plant community and soil environment are the main factors limiting the diversity and composition of soil microbial community. DiscussionThe results show that saline-alkali degradation of grassland has a negative effect on microbial biodiversity, so it is important to develop effective solutions to restore degraded grassland to maintain biodiversity and ecosystem function.

In order to explore the salt tolerance of oats and smooth bromegrass to different salt solutions, neutral salt（NaCl）, alkaline salt（Na 2 CO 3 ） and mixed salt（Na 2 CO 3 +NaHCO 3 +Na 2 SO 4 +NaCl） were used to stress the seeds of four varieties of oats（Avena sativa L.cv. Lena, A. sativa L.cv. Qingyin No.1, A. sativa L.cv. Qingyin No.2, A. sativa L.cv. Qinghai）and smooth bromegrass seeds with different harvest years. The results showed that the germination percentage of oat and smooth bromegrass decreased with the increase of salt solution concentration and storage life. Among them, neutral salt（NaCl） had the least inhibitory effect on seed germination. Generally speaking, oat（A. sativa L.cv. Lena） had relatively good adaptability to saline-alkali, and the germination rate of smooth bromegrass seeds with storage life of less than two years was higher.

本科教学是高等院校的基础工作,而实验教学是本科教学中重要的环节,实验教学考核又是提升实验教学质量的重要保障.通过总结当前实验教学考核中普遍存在的问题,借鉴和分析已有实验教学改革的成果和经验,探索利用局域网和数据库相结合的实验教学考核方式,实践证明该考核方式能更加客观地评价教师的教学效果和学生的实验成绩,促进学生创新能力提升,为提高本科实验教学质量提供参考借鉴.

草学是一门实践性很强的专业,鉴于草业、草牧业已作为大农业结构调整的重要内容,草学专业的实践教学应适应时代发展需求,培养符合我国农业改革所需的综合人才.文章力图找出实验教学中的不足,探讨和创新实验教学模式,增强实验教学质量,为草学专业实验教学改革提供参考.

为了增加高寒地区放牧家畜的优质饲草供应,于2013年在海拔4600 m的西藏羊八井牧区对5种一年生牧草进行了引种试验,采用随机区组设计测定了牧草生长高度、产草量、营养成分.结果表明:小黑麦(×Triticosecale Wittmack)和青引2号燕麦(Avena sativaL.cv.Qingyin No.2)的牧草高度和产量显著高于其他牧草(P＜0.05),青稞昆仑13(Hordeum vulgare L.cv.Kunlun No.13)和青海甜燕麦(Avena sativa L.cv.Qinghai)的牧草产量显著高于青稞北青3(Hordeum vulgare L.cv.BeiqingNo.3)(P＜0.05);小黑麦的粗蛋白含量显著低于其他牧草(P＜0.05),而中性洗涤纤维含量显著高于其他牧草(P＜0.05).根据牧草产量和品质性状的聚类分析,在西藏羊八井适宜种植小黑麦、青引2号燕麦、青稞昆仑13和青海甜燕麦(A.sativa).

This paper investigated the effects of cattle grazing on herbage production and its nutrient and soil characteristics over the grazing season. The grazing experiment was conducted on Deyeuxia angustifolia Bog meadow grassland established in 2010 in Sanjiang Plain. Four grazing treatments were light grazing (LG), moderate grazing (MG), heavy grazing (HG), and a non-grazed exclosure (CK) with corresponding stocking rates of 0.6, 1.0, 1.4, and 0 AU • hm−2 • month−1, selected as three replications. And then found out the optimum carrying capacity after analyzed the nutrition balance between livestock and grassland. Heavy grazing led to a decline in grassland productivity and soil nutrients. The SOM and the TN content in the soil layer of 0–10 cm were much higher than that in the soil layer of 20–30 cm. More attention should be paid to the nutrient changes in the soil layer of 20–30 cm. Currently, studies showed that the reliable carrying capacity in this type of grassland was 1.0 AU • hm−2 • month−1. Inclusion of rangeland health monitoring and optimum stocking rate into grassland management model could facilitate the sustainable development of the grassland.

<正>2011年3月8日国务院学位委员会和中华人民共和国教育部颁布了关于印发《学位授予和人才培养学科目录(2011年)》的通知,在新的学科目录中,农学学科门类中新增草学一级学科,编码0909。新目录是在《授予博士、硕士学位和培养研究生的学科、专业目录(1997年颁布)》(以下简称原目录)的基础

The plant community characteristics were measured with quadrat samples in Hulunbeier meadow steppe.The vegetation and soil data were used to divide the quantitative stage of degradation with systematic cluster analysis.The results showed as follows:(1) The degradation of meadow steppe can be divided into three stages:light degradation,moderate degradation and heavy degradation according to vegetation,and two stages:a little of light degradation and heavy degradation according to soil data;(2) Plant community and soil changed as the grazing pressure increased,but the vegetation change is quicker than that of the soil;(3) All the degradation stages are located in one range site.Therefore,the degradation is mainly caused by the grazing disturbance.

Seed yield components were analyzed.The correlation analysis,path analysis and regression analysis were done in the seed yield components of Melilotoides ruthenica,the results showed that the number of reproductive branches of per plant is the most important in seed production.The model of actual seed yield per plant of Planting Melilotoides ruthenica is Y=1.651+0.025X_(1).Potential and expressional seeds yield were estimated based on seed yield components and actual seed yields were evaluated.

The time of flowering and the shedding of bud,flowering and pod of Melilotoides ruthenica in Hohhot were researched.The results showed that,the time of flowering was from 10:00 to 14:00 in Hohhot,the best fitting temperature of flowering is 29-32℃,humidity is 54%-64%.The shedding of flowering and pod were higher distinct than that of bud.Siliqua percentage of Melilotoides ruthenica is 32%-43%,seed yield is restricted by the shedding of flowering and pod.

Problem and limitations of domestic Melilotoides ruthenicaseed production were discussed in the paper.Aimed at maturity disaccord,pod dehiscence,seed loss and low yield per unit area,the paper brought forward the methods for improving seed yield,such as plastic film mulch,artificial pollination,afterripening.

对不同生长年限及生长第4年早熟、常熟、晚熟、刈割后二茬收种的蒙农红豆草种子进行产量构成因子、种子产量及品质测定分析.结果表明:在呼和浩特市地区6月30日前成熟(早熟)的蒙农红豆草种子产量与品质最佳;在花蕾期刈割收草,二茬收种也是一种较好的利用方式,虽然种子产量稍低,但种子品质与早熟种子相当.关健词蒙农红豆草种子产量种子品质采种期