The research and application of bismuth-based semiconductor photocatalysis for the green and environmentally friendly degradation of dye pollutants have garnered widespread attention from scholars. The key factor in photocatalytic activity lies in the development of composite catalysts with high activity and high stability. A new type of Fe/Bi2CuO4-PVAC photocatalyst (FBC) was constructed by low-temperature calcination, which can effectively avoid serious iron leaching problems. Under the photocatalytic Fenton system, the composite material FBC exhibits high-performance degradation of various organic pollutants such as methyl orange (MO), tetracycline (TC), Rhodamine B (RhB), and methyl blue (MB), and the optimal removal rates were 98.67%, 97.90%, 91.50% and 96.32%, respectively. The structure, morphology, optics, and electronic properties were systematically characterized. Finally, A possible photocatalytic mechanism of FBC composite materials was proposed in the photo-Fenton catalysis reasonably, suggesting that the main reactive oxygen species (ROS) is center dot OH in the photo-Fenton degradation of composite catalysts, rather than center dot O2- generated in the Bi2CuO4 photocatalysis. The high performance mainly stems from the synergistic effect between photo-induced charge carrier separation and the interface Fenton-like reaction between iron oxide and H2O2. In addition, the excellent degradation performance and chemical stability provide the possibility for practical potential applications.

Uranium contamination is a key issue in the sustainable development of nuclear energy. In this study, a cellulose/sericite hybrid aerogel with a layer-stacked network structure (MCC/AS-P) was prepared for uranium-contaminated wastewater treatment. Systematic characterization and multiple-batch static adsorption experiments were conducted to analyze the aerogel's preparation, adsorption, and desorption. The kinetics demonstrated a noticeable transition between mass transfer diffusion control and mass transfer control, approaching adsorption equilibrium within 8 min and 180 min, respectively, wherein polymer layers led to a more stable adsorption process. Adsorption isotherm and thermodynamic studies established that the theoretical adsorption capacity of MCC/AS-P for U(VI) at T = 298 K could reach 374.5 mg.g(-1). The adsorption behavior was endothermic and spontaneous, and the DFT calculations demonstrated that the adsorption energy of MCC/AS for UO22+ was 506.5 kcal/mol. Temperature, U(VI) concentration, and desorption can all lead to a transition of the dominant mechanism between chemisorption and physisorption. After six swelling-deswelling adsorption cycles, the adsorption efficiency remained above 80%, and the structure remained intact. Furthermore, the excellent performance in terms of interference resistance and chemical stability offers potential for practical application.

Developing economically efficient adsorption-photocatalysis bifunctional uranium-containing wastewater treatment agents is significant for environmental remediation and governance. In this study, a novel adsorptive photocatalyst based on low-cost hybrid GQDs/Sn3O4 nanocomposite (GSO) was fabricated using a one-step hydrothermal method for highly efficient synergistic uranium removal. The batch adsorption experiments revealed that the adsorption process of GSO-15 on U(VI) matched the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir isotherm, with a maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity (qmax) of 226.51 mg center dot g- 1 at pH 6.0. In addition, U(VI) reduction by GSO-15 under visible light irradiation demonstrated excellent photocatalytic performance, while the optimal removal rate of U(VI) by synergistic adsorption-photoreduction was up to 99.67 %, which was significantly higher than that of physicochemical adsorption. Furthermore, the mechanism of GSO-15 photoreduction of U(VI) was explored through various methods, indicating that the photocatalytic performance was primarily attributed to its strong visible light absorbability, narrow bandgap, and efficient separation and transfer of photoinduced electron-hole pairs. After five cycles of photocatalytic reduction desorption, the removal rate remained above 95 %, indicating excellent structural stability and considerable recyclability. The decrease in the removal rate was negligible in the presence of coexisting metal ions. This study provides novel insights into the design and fabrication of efficient adsorptive photocatalytic materials for treating radioactive uranium-containing wastewater.

In recent years, due to the rapid development of China’s nuclear industry, the need for uranium has been expanding, while the environmental pollution of water caused by uranium is also receiving more and more attention. Laminated double hydroxide (LDH) is favored by researchers in water pollution removal due to its special layered structure, good adsorption performance, regeneration and easy recycling. The mechanism of adsorption of uranium by the new LDH is summarized, the preparation process and removal effect are introduced, the removal mechanism and influencing factors are analyzed, and on this basis, the future development and research of adsorbent materials are proposed.

Biochar is a solid product of biomass treated with pyrolysis or gasification, As a renewable resources adsorbent for water treatment, biochar will obtain better environmental benefits. The surface of biochar was modified by physical or chemical methods to improve its target application performance. The modification method of biochar adsorbent was described, the removal effect and mechanism of heavy metals in water by adsorbent were expounded, the effects of pH value of reaction system, reaction temperature and dosage of biochar adsorbent on the adsorption performance of biochar were analyzed, and the current research trends, prospects and research needs are also discussed.

The number and variety of solid wastes have increased as a result of socioeconomic growth and human activity,and resourcization of solid wastes has become a hot research topic at home and abroad.There is significant room for improvement in waste resourcization in the context of dual carbon,which emphasizes the growth of the circular economy.Treatment of uranium(Ⅵ)-containing radioactive wastewater,produced by the nuclear industry with a rapid advancement of nuclear technology,with adsorbent materials made of solid waste could achieve the goal of"treating waste with waste",alleviate environmental pollution issues and facilitate sustainable development.Herein,main solid waste adsorbents,such as agricultural and forestry solid waste,industrial solid waste and municipal solid waste that can be used for uranium removal were summarized,followed by introduction on the synthesis and modification methods of solid waste adsorbents as well as uranium removal mechanism.Finally,it was pointed out that the uranium adsorption materials should be developed in the direction of high efficiency adsorption,environmental protection and high added value.

以花生壳生物炭为载体，通过包埋法将耐镉（Cd）细菌固定在生物炭上，制备固定化生物炭小球（IBP）用于吸附水中的Cd2+，结合表征分析探究其对Cd2+的吸附性能和机理。研究结果表明，在Cd2+初始质量浓度为100 mg/L，IBP投加质量浓度为3 g/L，初始pH为6，温度为30 ℃，吸附时间为7 h条件下，IBP对Cd2+吸附率为96.0%。微生物灭活和未灭活的对比实验表明未灭活的IBP对Cd2+的吸附效果更佳。吸附等温线和吸附动力学拟合结果表明，IBP对Cd2+的吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程与Langmuir吸附等温线，吸附机理以化学吸附为主。SEM-EDS、FTIR、XPS等表征手段证实了Cd2+与羟基、羧基等含氧官能团发生络合反应，与碳酸根、磷酸根形成沉淀，与H+发生离子交换反应而被去除。

Polyhydroxyaluminum pillared vermiculite（AI-VMT） is prepared through pillaring vermiculite by polymers of aluminum(Al 30 ).The effects of initial pH,dosage of Al-VMT,time and temperature on the removal of Sb（Ⅲ） from wastewater are investigated.The maximum adsorption capacity is 23.82 mg·g -1 under the optimum conditions.AI-VMT is characterized by means of scanning electron microscope, energy spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.It is found that this adsorption process accords with the pseudo-second-order kinetics and intra particle diffusion mode.Both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models can well describe the adsorption behavior of Sb（Ⅲ） by Al-VMT.It is verified that vermiculite is successfully modified by acid pretreatment and Al 30 pillaring.The adsorption mechanism of Sb（Ⅲ） by Al-VMT mainly includes electrostatic adsorption and coordination complexation with hydroxyl（—OH）.After four cycles of adsorption-desorption, the adsorption efficiency of Al-VMT to Sb（Ⅲ） is still over 80%.

Water pollution caused by heavy metals (HMs) poses a serious risk to human health and the environment and can increase the risk of diabetes, cancer, and hypertension in particular. In this study, two full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in industrial zones in southern China were selected to analyze the microbial community structure, diversity, similarity, and differentiation in the anoxic/oxic (AO) and anoxic/oxic membrane bioreactor (AO-MBR) units under the stress of HMs. High-throughput sequencing showed that microbial diversity and abundance were higher in the AO process than in the AO-MBR process. In the two WWTPs, the common dominant phyla were Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, while the common dominant genera were Gemmatimonadaceae, Anaerolineaceae, Saprospiraceae, and Terrimonas. Manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) positively correlated with Saccharimonadales, Nakamurella, Micrococcales, and Microtrichales, whereas copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) positively correlated with Longilinea and Ferruginibacter. Additionally, the relative abundances of Chloroflexi, Patescibacteria, and Firmicutes differed significantly (p < 0.05) between the two processes. These results may provide comprehensive outlooks on the characterization of microbial communities in WWTPs, which could also help to reduce the potential environmental risks of the effluent from WWTPs located in industrial zones.

文章首先分析了高校硕士研究生科研创新能力现状,并对分层递阶理论进行了概述,接着论述了高校硕士研究生科研创新能力培养体系的构建和实施,然后对高校硕士研究生科研创新能力培养现状进行了问卷调查,最后提出了高校硕士研究生科研创新能力的提升措施.

In order to solve the problem of antimony (Ⅲ) pollution in water environment, Fe-Mn layered double hydroxides (Fe-Mn LDH) were prepared by ultrasonic co-precipitation method, and the effects of initial pH, dosage, coexisting ions, adsorption time and temperature on the removal of antimony (Ⅲ) from wastewater by Fe-Mn LDH were studied. The crystal structure, morphology and adsorption mechanism were characterized and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results show that the suitable conditions for antimony (Ⅲ) removal are: pH of 5, dosage of 0.4 g/L and adsorption time of 150 min under 45℃; Under these conditions, the maximum adsorption capacity is 77.39 mg/g. The adsorption process conforms to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the Freundich isotherm model can well describe the adsorption behavior of antimony(Ⅲ). The adsorption mechanisms of antimony (Ⅲ) mainly include ion exchange, coordination complex and electrostatic interaction. The removal efficiency of antimony (Ⅲ) is found to be over 83.03% by four adsorption-desorption experiments. This study indicates that Fe-Mn LDH has the potential to treat and repair wastewater containing antimony (Ⅲ).

随着核能发展,放射性核素铀通过各种途径流入环境,对人类的身体健康构成潜在威胁.以废弃玉米秸秆为原料自制玉米秸秆淀粉(CSS),采用共沉淀法将磁性γ-Fe2O3包裹在CSS表面合成磁性γ-Fe2O3/CSS,并用于溶液中U(VI)的吸附.考察初始pH值、投加量、时间、初始浓度、温度和共存离子等因素对γ-Fe2O3/CSS吸附U(VI)性能的影响,并加以分析.采用SEM、FTIR、XPS对吸附前后的磁性γ-Fe2O3/CSS进行表征分析,深入研究其对吸附U(VI)的技术机制.结果表明:在适宜条件下,γ-Fe2O3/CSS对U(VI)的最大吸附量达到214.1 mg/g.准二级动力学模型更准确地描述其吸附过程即以化学吸附为主.磁性γ-Fe2O3/CSS对U(VI)吸附符合Langmuir模型和Freundlich模型.吸附机制主要为U(VI)与γ-Fe2O3/CSS的羟基、羧基发生络合反应与离子交换作用.通过4次吸附解吸实验表明,U(VI)吸附率仍在78.60％以上,说明磁性γ-Fe2O3/CSS具有一定的再生能力.

半导体、稀土开采等行业所排放的氟废水所引发氟中毒现象备受关注.吸附法是去除废水中氟离子的有效方法之一,但传统吸附剂存在吸附容量低、选择性差等缺点,亟需研发具有高吸附容量、可再生且无二次污染的吸附材料.本文归纳了一些新型吸附材料,如高分子材料吸附剂、生物炭、层状双氢氧化物、工业废弃物、纳米材料及其改性材料在含氟废水中的研究应用;总结了这些改性材料的制备过程,介绍了这些材料吸附除氟的能力,分析了新型吸附材料吸附除氟的机理以及共存离子干扰、pH适用范围等影响因素,并指出了材料制备存在的问题,提出了制备对氟离子具有高选择性能的改性吸附材料的发展方向和材料循环利用所需解决的重要问题.

随着新工科的建设与发展，机遇与挑战并存，高校硕士研究生科研创新能力得到广泛关注。本文分析针对目前新工科背景下研究生创新能力存在的一些问题和不足，总结提升研究生创新能力的方法和措施，如构建一套行之有效的研究生科研创新能力培养体系、加强学生实践创新能力以及导师队伍建设。本文研究有利于加强推动我国高校研究生创新能力建设，激发学生科研兴趣，提高学习效果和质量，助力培养新工科背景下的卓越创新型人才。

随着工业的快速发展,电镀设备、采矿、纺织等行业排放的废水含有大量的重金属离子和有机污染物,这些污染物严重危害人类的身体健康.因此,如何快速有效地处理水体中的重金属离子和有机污染物是环境修复领域中亟待解决的问题.稻壳因具有来源广泛、可再生、环境友好等特点而被广泛应用于吸附材料和光催化材料领域.大量研究表明,稻壳能够去除污染水体中重金属离子和有机物的种类很多,但是对大多数污染物的去除能力不强,难以在实际应用中得到进一步推广.以稻壳为基体材料制备有高效去除能力的功能性材料,是近几年环境修复领域的研究热点.目前,研究者尝试以炭化、化学修饰等方式对稻壳改性,从而增大比表面积、孔隙率或者增加含氧官能团的数量,吸附性能也能随之改善,但是以上改性后的稻壳材料存在吸附能力弱和容易产生二次污染等问题.研究发现,负载Fe3 O4制备的磁性稻壳生物炭复合材料,不仅吸附性能强,且具有易分离、稳定性强、不会对环境造成二次污染等优点,这为稻壳基材料在实际应用的推广奠定了基础.另外,有研究报道,将稻壳中的SiO2作为半导体光催化剂(如TiO2、Ni2 O3)的载体可提高其光催化性能、回收利用率,使其在光学领域具有良好的使用性能.本文综述了稻壳材料本身的特性和改性稻壳制备稻壳基吸附剂的方法,讨论了稻壳基及其复合材料在水污染治理领域中作为吸附剂和光催化剂的应用.从不同类型的污染物角度出发,论述了稻壳基材料针对重金属离子、有机污染物处理过程中稻壳掺杂材料功能及体系作用机理的影响,还分析了影响污染物吸附的重要因素,最后对目前稻壳基材料在水治理领域应用进行了总结和对今后的研究方向做了展望.

Using the waste cigarette leave powder residue as raw materials, after carbonization, the amino functional group was introduced to prepare the ammoniated tobacco leave powder residue biochar (NH2/TPB), and the effects of pH, dosage, temperature and adsorption time on NH2/TPB adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ) were studied. The mechanism was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and other techniques. The results show that when the initial concentration is 210 mg/L, pH=4, dosage is 0.8 g/L, temperature is 45℃, and adsorption time is 120 min, the maximum adsorption capacity of NH2/TPB for Cr(Ⅵ) is 103.627 mg/g. The adsorption process conforms the quasi-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The adsorption and removal mechanism of Cr(Ⅵ) mainly include electrostatic interaction, reduction reaction, coordination and complexation with —NH2, —OH, —COOH, and “π-π” interaction with Si—O—Si. Through five times about adsorption-desorption tests, the Cr(Ⅵ) removal rate is more than 82.88%. This research presents that the ammoniated tobacco leave powder residue biochar has the potential to treat and repair acidic Cr(Ⅵ)-containing wastewater pollution.

以铝污泥、聚乙烯醇、海藻酸钠为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶、冷冻干燥技术制备铝污泥基复合凝胶球(AS-GEL),用于吸附溶液中Cr(Ⅵ).通过静态吸附实验探究pH、AS-GEL投加量、初始质量浓度、温度、吸附时间、共存阴离子浓度对AS-GEL吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的影响.采用SEM、FTIR、XPS对AS-GEL吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的机理进行分析.结果表明,在pH=4、AS-GEL投加量为1.2 g/L、Cr(Ⅵ)初始质量浓度200 mg/L、温度为35℃、吸附时间为120 min、无其他阴离子共存的条件下,AS-GEL对Cr(Ⅵ)的最大吸附量为73.364 mg/g.共存阴离子影响顺序为PO43–>NO3–>Cl–.吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和准一级、准二级动力学方程.其主要吸附机理包括质子化基团对Cr(Ⅵ)的静电吸附及还原作用.5次吸附-解吸实验后,其吸附量保持初次吸附量的89.71％.同时,AS-GEL具有成本低、固液易分离的特性,有望应用在工程上.

对废弃卷烟烟叶进行炭化处理后再引入氨基功能基团制备了氨基化烟叶生物炭吸附剂(ATC),通过SEM、FTIR、XPS对ATC进行了表征,考察了pH、ATC投加量、温度、吸附时间、U(Ⅵ)初始质量浓度对ATC吸附U(Ⅵ)的影响.结果表明,在U(Ⅵ)初始质量浓度为250 mg/L、pH=6、ATC投加量为0.2 g/L、温度为40℃、吸附时间为210 min时,ATC对U(Ⅵ)的最大理论吸附量为495.04 mg/g.吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型;Langmuir吸附等温模型能更好地描述ATC对U(Ⅵ)的吸附行为.ATC对U(Ⅵ)的吸附去除机理主要包括静电相互作用,与 —NH2、—OH、—COOH的配位络合,与Si—O—Si的"π-π"相互作用.5次吸附-解吸实验后,ATC对U(Ⅵ)的吸附率在86.71％以上.

层状双氢氧化物(LDH)凭借其特殊的层状结构、极强的可调控性等,已在水处理领域得到广泛关注.LDH除用于重金属吸附外,处理染料废水也表现出独特的优势.但由于单一的LDH存在耐酸碱性差、表面官能团少、化学稳定性差等缺陷,严重制约了其在处理染料废水方面的应用,为此,越来越多的研究者通过对LDH进行改性提高材料的吸附性能.首先归纳总结了LDH材料的常用制备及改性方法并比较了各方法的优缺点;其次,介绍了改性LDH材料对染料废水中离子的去除效果及其吸附机理,同时分析了不同环境条件(pH、接触时间、吸附剂用量等)对LDH基吸附材料吸附性能的影响;最后,对改性LDH材料的应用现状作出总结并对其未来发展方向作出展望.