从滇南地区的蒙自、普洱、新平等地共采集6群野生小蜜蜂,大理弥渡1群样本,每群测定分析15只工蜂,每只测定40个形态指标.测定的性状特征数据进行主成分分析,因素分析和聚类分析.结果发现:普洱的小蜜蜂个体最小,单独一个分支,而蒙自、新平、弥渡的聚在一起,为另一个分支.通过系统研究滇南地区小蜜蜂的形态区系分类,以期为该地区的小蜜蜂种类的资源状况、起源、分化、系统发育的探讨提供重要的科学依据.

以紫米和速溶咖啡粉为原料,研制紫米咖啡食品.通过单因素试验探讨使用不同速溶咖啡粉的添加量、紫米粉的添加量、甜味剂的添加量、复合增稠剂的添加量对感官品质的影响,并通过响应面优化.结果 表明,优化结果为速溶咖啡粉的添加量为8.0％、紫米粉的添加量为47.0％、甜味剂的添加量为41.0％、复合增稠剂的添加量为9.0％.此工艺条件下生产出来的速溶紫米咖啡产品有较好的口感和组织状态,感官评分达到84.00分.

基于云南省230户蜂农的实地调查,实证分析了农户家庭养蜂的生产行为,并运用模型分析方法中的二元Logistic模型分析养蜂农户生产意愿的影响因素.结果表明,蜂农的养蜂意愿受放蜂收益、 技术采用、养蜂方式、 市场环境等4大类因素的影响.蜂农的收入水平越高,其养蜂意愿越强.定地+小转地、 小转地、大转地放蜂方式与定地相比,对养蜂意愿具有一定的负作用.

为了研究鲎形体与体重之间的异速生长关系,进一步探讨其生长特性,分别测定分析圆尾鲎(Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda)和中国鲎(Tachypleus tridentatus)不同年龄段、不同龄期及不同性别的形态参数(头胸甲宽度及体重).结果表明,圆尾鲎与中国鲎各年龄段、各龄期及不同龄期的雌、雄鲎头胸甲宽度与体重均为极显著正相关,决定系数R2＞ 0.81.异速生长曲线斜率-回归系数6(体重的1og值与前体宽度的1og值)均大干1,总体表现为随着龄期的增长而不断增加,且雌鲎体重相对于头胸甲宽度的增长率大于雄鲎.

The effects of mixed compound fertilizer,high potassium water-soluble fertilizer and single fertilizer with different application rate on protein,soluble sugar,Vc and starch content of Hezuo 88 (a potato variety) are studied by a field test to provide a reference for quality production of winter potato.Results:1) The protein content of Hezuo 88 under different fertilizer application treatments all is higher than CK.The protein content of Hezuo 88 is 0.513 9％ (the highest) when 50 kg/667m2mixed compound fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer and the protein content of Hezuo 88 is o.496 1％ when 57 kg/667m2 mixed compound fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer.The protein content of CK (no fertilizing) is 0.332 6％(the lowest).2)The soluble sugar content of Hezuo 88 applied with 18.2 kg/667m2of high potassium water-soluble fertilizer at full seedling stage is 0.258 ％ (the highest).The soluble sugar content of Hezuo 88 is 0.140％ (the lowest) when 43 kg/667m2of mixed compound fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer.3) The Vc content of potatoes applied with 57 kg/667m2,,16.0 kg/667m2,13.8 kg/667m2 of high potassium water-soluble fertilizer at full seedling stage and CK is 17.88 μg/100g,17.18 μg/100g,16.0 μg/100g and 11.80 μg/100g respectively.4) The starch content of Hezuo 88 applied with 18.2 kg/667m2,16.0 kg/667m2,13.8 kg/667m2of high potassium water-soluble fertilizer at full seedling stage and CK is 13.6％,12.89％,12.71％ and 9.68％ separately.In conclusion,the protein,Vc,and starch content in Hezuo 88 under different fertilizer application treatments is higher than CK.

目前,国际上蜜蜂分类应用研究已经上升到分子鉴定水平,但形态分析仍是基因材料特征描述的主要手段,在了解蜜蜂外部形态及蜜蜂形态分析的过程中,蜜蜂形态的测定必不可少.本文结合国内外的蜜蜂形态学研究方法,总结了蜜蜂形态测定的详细方法,从而为蜜蜂形态学和分类学的研究方法提供参考.

Bees external morphological characteristics are important basis of classification of bees,and closely relate to economic performance of honeybees. Therefore,these morphological characteristics can be used as genetic markers to assist the varroa-resistant honeybee genetic breeding. There were 20 samples of the first and second filial generation of varroa-resistant honeybees,the local A. mellifera and the honeybees of high yield honey and royal jelly breed from Zhejiang University,which were collected for this experiment. 38 standard morphological characters of 15 bees of every group were measured as the standard methods made by Ruttner in 1988. The results showed that the morphological characters of the filial generation of varroa-resistant honeybees were significantly different with the local A. mellifera and the honeybees of high yield honey and royal jelly breed from Zhejiang University. Using cluster analysis,the filial generation of varroa-resistant honeybees was clustered into group,and could be clustered into a branch with the honeybees of high yield honey and royal jelly breed from Zhejiang University. The local A. mellifera was clustered into another branch.

Eight colonies of five kinds of Apis mellifera breeds were collected from Jilin and Yunnan. To measure thirty-eight morphological indexes of fifteen worker bees from every colony. The results showed that there were differences among the five kinds of Apis mellifera breeds on the morphological characteristics( P ≤0.01, or 0.01 P ≤0.05, or P 0.05). We hope to provide strong theoretical basis for cultivating the hybrid vigour of Apis mellifera breeds on honeybee production through the experiment.

BACKGROUND:The white rhinoceros is on the verge of extinction with less than 20,200 animals remaining in the wild. In order to better protect these endangered animals, it is necessary to better understand their digestive physiology and nutritional requirements. The gut microbiota is nutritionally important for herbivorous animals. However, little is known about the microbial diversity in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of the white rhinoceros. Methanogen diversity in the GIT may be host species-specific and, or, function-dependent. To assess methanogen diversity in the hindgut of white rhinoceroses, an archaeal 16S rRNA gene clone library was constructed from pooled PCR products obtained from the feces of seven adult animals.RESULTS:Sequence analysis of 153 archaeal 16S rRNA sequences revealed 47 unique phylotypes, which were assigned to seven operational taxonomic units (OTUs 1 to 7). Sequences assigned to OTU-7 (64 out of 153 total sequencs - 42%) and OTU-5 (18%, 27/153) had 96.2% and 95.5% identity to Methanocorpusculum labreanum, respectively, making Methanocorpusculum labreanum the predominant phylotype in these white rhynoceroses. Sequences belonging to OTU-6 (27%, 42/153) were related (97.6%) to Methanobrevibacter smithii. Only 4% of the total sequences (6/153) were assigned to Methanosphaera stadtmanae (OTU-1). Sequences belonging to OTU-2 (4%, 6/153), OTU-3 (3%, 5/153) and OTU-4 (2%, 3/153) were distantly related (87.5 to 88,4%) to Methanomassiliicoccus luminyensis and were considered to be novel species or strains that have yet-to-be cultivated and characterized.CONCLUSION:Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the methanogen species in the hindgut of white rhinoceroses were more similar to those in the hindgut of horses. Our findings may help develop studies on improving the digestibility of forage for sustainable management and better health of these endangered animals.

The morphological characters of Apis florea and Apis andreniformis of Xishuangbanna in Yunnan was studied using morphological methods. Samples of A. florea and A.andreniformis were collected from Xishuangbanna. 38 standard morphological characters were measured as the standard methods made by Ruttner et al 1998. The data were statistically analyzed by T-test. Result shows only 5 characters have no significant differ-ence, while other 33 characters were significantly different.

The morphological characters of Apis cerana of Sichuan in China was studied using morphological methods. 29 samples of A.cerana were collected from Sichuan Province. 38 standard morphological characters were measured. The data were statistically analyzed as factor analysis and cluster analysis. Test shows a high degree of variation in size with various geographic features. The bees of A.cerana in Sichuan belong to two different groups.