[Objective]The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of adding Clostridium butyricumand selenium-enriched yeast to the diet on the production performance and fecal flora structure of laying hens,so as to provide references for improving the production performance and economic value of layer hens.[Method]Hy-line brown laying hens were used as experimental animals.The control group(CK)was fed a basal diet,while the experimental groups received the basal diet supplemented with C.butyricum and selenium-enriched yeast.The supplementation levels were as follows:T1 group added 1.0 g/kg of C.butyricum and 0.2 mg/kg of selenium-enriched yeast,T2 group added 2.0 g/kg of C.butyricum and 0.2 mg/kg of selenium-enriched yeast,and T3 group added 3.0 g/kg of C.butyricum and 0.2 mg/kg of selenium-en-riched yeast.The pre-feeding period lasted for 7 d,followed by a 28 d experimental period,laying rate,average daily feed intake,average egg weight,the ratio of feed to egg and mortality rate of laying hens were measured during the period.At the end of the experiment,egg shape index,eggshell thickness,egg yolk color,albumen height,Haugh unit and egg selenium content were determined,and feces of laying hens in each group were collected and their flora structures were analyzed by bioinformatics.[Result]In terms of production performance,compared to the CK,T1 group showed a significantly increased egg production rate(P<0.05,the same below),no significant difference in average egg weight(P>0.05,the same below),and significantly decreased average daily feed intake and the ratio of feed to egg.Other groups showed slight decreases inaverage daily feed intake and the ratio of feed to egg.T1 and T3 groups had reduced mortality rates.There were no significant differences in albumen height,Haugh unit,and egg shape index among all experimental groups.The eggshell thickness and egg selenium content in T1 and T2 groups increased significantly,with the highest in T1 group.In terms of fecal flora structure,compared to the CK,T1 and T3 groups showed increases in ACE index and Chao1 index,but the differences were not significant.T1 group exhibited a decrease in Shannon index and an increase in Simpson index,but the differences were not significant.There was an upward trend in microbial richness and diversity in T1 group.At the phylum level,the dominant bacterial phyla in the CK were Firmicutes,Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes,accounting for 74.02%,9.14%and 7.03%,respectively.The dominant bacterial phyla in all experimental groups were Fir-micutes and Proteobacteria.In T1 group,the abundance of Proteobacteria was significantly higher than in the CK,while the proportion of Firmicutes showed no significant differences with that in the CK.At the genus level,the dominant bacte-rial genus in both CK and the experimental groups was Lactobacillus,with no significant differences in proportion.The proportion of Lysinibacillus was significantly higher in T1 and T2 group compared to CK,while other genera showed no significant differences with that in the CK.[Conclusion]Adding C.butyricum and selenium-enriched yeast to basal diet can improve partial production performance of laying hens,while also promote the formation of a favorable intestinal flo-ra structure in laying hens.The best feeding effect can be reached when 1.0 g/kg of C.butyricumand 0.2 mg/kg of selenium-enriched yeast are provided.

莪术须根、茎叶具有一定的营养价值和药用功效,经加工处理后可作为良好的粗饲料资源,具有良好的抗病功能.通过研究检测莪术须根、茎叶的植物性状,统计其产量;粗略分析其药用价值和营养价值,简述其在动物生产上的利用现状,提出莪术副产物作为饲料资源进行开发利用的新思路,为草食动物饲料开发开辟新路径.

试验旨在研究日粮中添加酵母硒和益生菌其对蛋鸡的生产性能和血液生化指标的影响.选取26周龄、健康的罗曼粉蛋鸡800只,随机分为4组,为对照组(基础日粮)、益生菌组、酵母硒组、益生菌+酵母硒组,每组5个重复,每个重复40只鸡.试验期60 d.结果 显示:与对照组相比,益生菌+酵母硒组鸡蛋合格蛋率、平均日采食量显著提高(P＜0.05),料蛋比显著降低(P＜0.05);血清谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(GSH-Px)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均显著提高(P＜0.05);谷草转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、肌酸磷酸激酶(CPK)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)含量均显著降低(P＜0.05),谷丙转氨酶(ALT)含量极显著降低(P＜0.01);总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量均显著降低(P＜0.05);高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量极显著提高(P＜0.01),尿素氮(BUN)含量极显著降低(P＜0.01),肌酐(CREA)和尿酸(UA)含量显著降低(P＜0.05).研究表明,蛋鸡日粮中添加1.0 g/kg益生菌+0.3 g/kg酵母硒可改善蛋鸡的肝功能、脂类代谢,提高蛋鸡的抗氧化能力、生产性能以及对蛋白质的利用效率.

随着网络的普及,学生获取信息的渠道越来越多,因此越来越不能接受传统的授课方式.微课包含场景、文字、旁白、图片等内容,以微视频为载体,作为新型信息化教学方法,越来越受到高校教师的关注.本文以艾灸治疗犬后肢瘫痪为例,介绍微课教学主题的选定、教学设计、制作教学PPT、设计脚本、拍摄视频、后期制作、微课应用及微课制作注意事项,为学生碎片化和个性化学习,为老师制作微课提供参考.

试验旨在研究三黄鸡饲粮中添加不同比例茶多酚和火麻油对其肉品质和抗氧化性能的影响.选取三黄鸡108只(90日龄,体重相近),随机分成6组,每组3个重复,每重复6只.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验1、2、3、4、5组分别饲喂添加2％火麻油、200 mg/kg茶多酚和2％火麻油、300 mg/kg茶多酚和2％火麻油、200 mg/kg茶多酚和3％火麻油、300 mg/kg茶多酚和3％火麻油的试验饲粮.试验期35 d.试验在第35 d通过屠宰取得胸肌、腿肌测定肉品质指标,通过翅下静脉采血获得血清测定抗氧化性能指标.试验结果表明:①添加茶多酚和火麻油可增加胸肌pH和系水力,降低剪切力.pH试验1、2、3组显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).剪切力试验组低于对照组(P＞0.05).系水力试验2、3、4组显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).②添加茶多酚和火麻油可以增加腿肌pH和系水力,降低剪切力.pH和系水力这两个指标试验组高于对照组(P＞0.05).剪切力试验1、2、3、4组显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).③添加茶多酚和火麻油可以降低血清中丙二醛含量、增加总抗氧化能力.丙二醛含量试验组低于对照组(P＞0.05).总抗氧化能力试验2、3、4组,显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).综上所述,饲粮中添加茶多酚和火麻油能很好的改善三黄鸡肉品质和抗氧化性能,其中以添加300 mg/kg茶多酚和2％火麻油的效果最佳.

试验旨在探讨在蛋鸡日粮中添加酵母硒和益生菌对蛋鸡生产性能、鸡蛋品质和抗氧化性能的影响.选取26周龄、健康的罗曼粉蛋鸡800羽,随机分成4组,每组200只,每组设5个重复,每重复40只鸡,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮基础上添加1 g/kg益生菌(每千克日粮含总活菌数8.0×109 CFU)、0.3 g/kg酵母硒(硒含量为0.000 3 g)、1 g/kg益生菌+0.3 g/kg酵母硒.预试期4周,正试期8周.结果表明:1 g/kg益生菌+0.3 g/kg酵母硒组鸡的平均采食量、合格蛋率、蛋壳强度、哈氏单位、血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(GSH-Px)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量及鸡蛋硒含量均高于对照组(P＜0.05),料蛋比低于对照组(P＜0.05);产蛋率、死淘率、蛋重、蛋壳厚度和蛋黄重、蛋鸡血清中的硫氧还蛋白氧化还原酶(TRXR)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)含量及鸡蛋脂肪含量组间差异不显著.可见,在蛋鸡日粮中添加1 g/kg益生菌和0.3 g/kg酵母硒可显著提高蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、鸡蛋硒含量,提高蛋鸡抗氧化性能.

[目的]比较不同品种蛋鸡的生产性能、蛋品质和营养成分差异,为生产和消费提供指导.[方法]试验采用巴马绿壳蛋鸡、罗曼粉蛋鸡和海兰褐蛋鸡作为研究对象,记录和统计整个产蛋周期的生产性能;从每个品种中随机抽取200枚蛋,每组设4个重复,每个重复50枚,进行蛋品质和营养成分检测.[结果]罗曼粉蛋鸡和海兰褐蛋鸡的平均蛋重、平均产蛋率显著高于巴马绿壳蛋鸡(P＜0.05),料蛋比显著低于巴马绿壳蛋鸡;蛋壳强度、哈氏单位、蛋黄比率、粗脂肪、粗灰分和钙、磷含量均显著低于巴马绿壳蛋,水分含量显著高于巴马绿壳蛋(P＜0.05),其他指标的差异均不显著(P＞0.05).[结论]试验说明巴马绿壳蛋鸡的生产性能低于罗曼粉蛋鸡和海兰褐蛋鸡,但蛋品质和营养成分优于罗曼粉蛋和海兰褐蛋.

酵母培养物富含非消化性碳水化合物(酵母多糖、寡糖等)以及维生素、多肽、有机酸等,可作为发酵底物和生长因子促进反刍动物胃肠道有益菌的生长,从而改善胃肠道健康状况.酵母培养物中还富含β-葡聚糖和甘露聚糖,都是高效的免疫激活因子,对刺激机体免疫系统,增强机体免疫力具有重要作用.因此,在畜禽生产中酵母培养物对饲用抗生素具有一定的替代作用,已引起了许多学者的关注.文章就近年来酵母培养物在羊生产中的应用研究进行归纳阐述,为酵母培养物在羊生产上的应用研究提供参考.

为了进一步提高教学的效果,全面提高教学质量,笔者对动物营养与饲料加工课程教学进行进一步改革,采用行动导向模式培养学生,使学生素质能够与企业的需求相一致,根据生产实际和畜牧兽医专业职业岗位的要求,对该课程内容进行了重构.采用项目导向、工学交替的教学模式设计课程,针对不同工作任务采取不同教学方法,如角色扮演、项目教学、现场教学、案例教学等,取得一定教学效果,获得学生和学院教学督导办的认可.

在国内外的农牧高职院校中,开设有养猪、养牛、养鸡专业,但由于就业面较窄,招生比较困难.为了解决这一问题,基于就业导向,广西职业技术学院与企业合作,在畜牧兽医专业的高年级中开设“养猪方向强化班”、“养牛方向强化班”和“养鸡方向强化班”,强化养猪、养牛和养鸡方向的知识和技能,既可以使学生学习和掌握畜牧兽医专业的基础知识和基本技能,以适应不同就业岗位的需要,又能够满足企业和毕业生的个性化需求,大大提高了学生解决生产实际问题的能力和就业竞争力.

Healthy,weight indifferent forty days of age Short Feet 3-Yellow were randomly divided into the control group and the treatment group for 80-day contrast test.The drinking water of the treatment group was added a medicine soup containing of astragalus root,the divine comedy and chicken vector rattan.During the test,feed intake,daily growing weight,hair color,comb color,mental state, disease chicken and dead chicken number were observed.After the test,the slaughtering rate,eviscerated rate,half net bore rate,leg muscle rate,chest muscle rate,muscle crude protein,crude fat,water content,pH value,cooked meat rate and inosinic acid were measured.The results showed that the two groups were significantly different from the growing weight,color and luster,comb color, slaughtering rate,eviscerated rate,half net bore rate,leg muscle rate,chest muscle rate,cooked meat rate and peeling of chest muscle moisture content,inosinic acid;and the feed conversion ratio,feed intake,muscle crude protein and crude fat content,pH value and storage loss rate were not significant difference.

The paper analyzed the problems of cattle and cow disease prevention course teaching,indrouced the practice of competence-based teaching mode on cattle and cow disease prevention course,in order to provide references for the course teaching.