Optic disc morphology and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness have been widely studied in populations with refractive error. This study aims to measure and analyze optic disc parameters and RNFL thickness in different regions of the optic disc in 9-year-old schoolchildren. It also seeks to investigate the influence of factors such as refractive error, axial length, gender, and body mass index (BMI) on these ocular parameters. This cross-sectional study included 1274 children aged 9 years. Participants underwent anthropometric measurements and comprehensive ophthalmic examinations, including axial length (AL), non-cycloplegic autorefraction, and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range). Group comparisons were performed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test or Kruskal–Wallis test. The RNFL thickness showed the typical distribution pattern, being greatest in the inferior quadrant, followed by the superior, temporal, and nasal quadrants. No significant differences in optic disc parameters or RNFL thickness were observed across gender or BMI groups (all P > 0.05). Compared with non-myopic participants, cup-related parameters were smaller in myopic groups. Greater myopic refractive error was associated with increased global and nasal RNFL thickness. Eyes with AL ≥ 26 mm showed thicker nasal RNFL than those with AL < 26 mm (P = 0.01), with no other significant differences. In 9-year-old children from North China, optic disc morphology and RNFL thickness varied with refractive and ocular biometric characteristics. RNFL thickness was associated with refractive error and axial length.

To investigate the influence of keratometry on the predictive accuracy of modern IOL formulas in determining optimal IOL power for cataract patients with high myopia. A total of 302 eyes from highly myopic patients who had undergone cataract surgery were divided into subgroups based on axial length AL and K. The predictive outcomes were to compare the accuracy of the following formulas: BU II, EVO 2.0, Haigis, Hoffer Q, Hoffer-QST, Holladay 2, K6, Kane, Pearl-DGS, SRK/T. For each formula, the ME, MAE, MedAE and the percentage of eyes with PEs within ± 0.25 D, ± 0.50 D, ± 0.75 D, and ± 1.00 D were analyzed. Among all patients, the Hoffer QST formula achieved the lowest MAE (0.41 D), closely followed by EVO 2.0 (0.42 D). In the axial length subgroups, the Hoffer QST, BU II, and Haigis formulas achieved the lowest MAE (0.35 D) in the long AL group, while K6 achieved the lowest MAE (0.46 D) in the super-long AL group. For the extreme-long AL group, Hoffer QST demonstrated the lowest MAE at 0.41 D, closely followed by EVO 2.0 (0.44 D). In the keratometry subgroups, Hoffer QST consistently showed superior accuracy: in the flat-K group, it attained the lowest MAE (0.35 D) with BU II closely trailing (0.36 D); in the average-K group, it maintained the lowest MAE (0.41 D) followed by EVO 2.0 (0.43 D); and in the steep-K group, it achieved the lowest MAE (0.43 D), closely followed by EVO 2.0 (0.44 D). In highly myopic eyes, modern IOL formulas demonstrate significantly superior predictive accuracy compared to traditional formulas for the different keratometry, with Hoffer QST and EVO 2.0 exhibiting the best performance in this study.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to systematically compare the accuracy of artificial intelligence and traditional intraocular lens (IOL) calculation formulas in cataract eyes after vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched to select relevant studies published up to October 29, 2025. A total of 12 formulas (SRK/T, Hoffer Q, Hoffer QST, Haigis, Barrett Universal II, Holladay I, Holladay II, RBF, LSF, EVO, Kane, and Pearl-DGS) were included for final comparison. The primary outcomes were the percentage of eyes with prediction errors (PE) within ± 0.50 D and ± 1.00 D. Results: This meta-analysis included 7 studies comprising 1,060 eyes. Overall, compared to traditional formulas, newer formulas demonstrated relatively higher accuracy. The results indicated that among all the formulas being compared, the optimal formula was Kane. For the percentage of eyes with PE within ± 0.50 D, Kane had the highest precision. For the IOL power percentage within ± 1.00 D, EVO performed the best, with Kane also ranking highly. Furthermore, RBF also performed very well. Conclusion: Kane and EVO appear to be better choices for silicone oil-filled eyes after vitrectomy.

To investigate the differences in intraoperative pain sensitivity between cataract patients with and without hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody-positivity, and to compare the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in aqueous humor. This was a case–control study that enrolled a total of 17 HCV antibody-positive cataract patients and 17 HCV antibody-negative cataract patients. Aqueous humor samples were collected during cataract surgery, and 40 cytokines were detected and analyzed. The intraoperative pain levels were evaluated using three subjective questionnaires consisting of two components: the first component was a blinded assessment performed by the same chief surgeon during the operation, and the second component was a patient self-assessment of pain completed 1 h after surgery. Age and the parameters of liver and kidney function, which were approximately normally distributed continuous variables, were presented as Mean ± SD, and between-group comparisons were performed using the independent-samples t-test. Pain scores and inflammatory cytokines levels, which were non-normally distributed continuous variables, were expressed as “median [Q1, Q3]”, and between-group comparisons were conducted using the Mann‑Whitney U test. Categorical variables including gender and laterality of the affected eye were compared using the chi‑square test. Correlation analysis was performed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Intraoperative cooperation scores were 2 [2, 3] in HCV antibody-positive patients and 1 [1, 2] in HCV antibody-negative patients, with a significant difference (P = 0.01). Intraoperative pain expression scores were 2 [2, 3] and 1 [1, 2], respectively (P < 0.01). Intraoperative pain self-assessment scores were 4 [2, 6] and 2 [1, 2], respectively (P < 0.01). Aqueous humor levels of TNF‑β were 0.12 [0.11, 0.19] ng/L in HCV antibody-positive patients and 3.77 [1.97, 4.68] ng/L in HCV antibody-negative patients (P < 0.01). M‑CSF levels were 0.27 [0.19, 0.40] ng/L and 0.09 [0.08, 0.12] ng/L, respectively (P < 0.01). I‑309 levels were 2.83 [1.73, 3.37] ng/L and 1.37 [0.71, 1.85] ng/L, respectively (P = 0.01). MCP‑1 levels were 786.04 [667.62, 963.99] ng/L and 657.12 [636.74, 694.78] ng/L, respectively (P = 0.01). Furthermore, pain scores were negatively correlated with TNF‑β levels, and all correlations were statistically significant (all P < 0.01). HCV antibody-positive cataract patients demonstrated significantly higher pain sensitivity during phacoemulsification surgery compared with HCV antibody-negative patients. HCV antibody-positivity may represent one of the contributing factors for increased intraoperative pain in cataract patients, which may be associated with abnormal expression of inflammatory cytokines in the aqueous humor.

To investigate the accuracy, stability, and influencing factors of 12 intraocular lens (IOL) calculation formulas in highly myopic cataract patients. Retrospective Case Series. Clinical data were collected from highly myopic cataract patients who underwent cataract extraction surgery at Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, between January 2024 and January 2025. Patients were stratified into subgroups based on axial length, keratometry, anterior chamber depth and axial length to corneal radius ratio (AL/r). The prediction error (PE), absolute error (AE), root-mean-square absolute prediction error (RMSAE) and the percentage of eyes with an absolute error within ± 0.25 D, ± 0.50 D, ± 0.75 D, and ± 1.00 D were recorded and compared for the following 12 IOL formulas: Barrett Universal II, Cooke K6, Castrop, Kane, EVO 2.0, Pearl-DGS, Hoffer QST, SRK-T, Haigis, Holladay 1, Holladay 2, and Hoffer Q. Statistical analysis was performed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Friedman test, Kruskal–Wallis test, Dunn's test, and Cochran Q test. A total of 255 patients (255 eyes) were included in this study, comprising 113 males and 142 females, with a mean age of 57.8 ± 9.9 years. The difference in absolute errors among the 12 IOL formulas was statistically significant (χ2 = 327.59, P < 0.01). Among them, the Hoffer QST formula yielded the lowest absolute error (0.33 D), followed by Pearl-DGS (0.35 D) and Barrett UII 0.35 D), while the Hoffer Q formula showed the highest absolute error (0.75 D). Notably, only the Hoffer QST and Pearl-DGS formulas demonstrated no significant correlation between their absolute errors and axial length, corneal curvature, or anterior chamber depth (all P > 0.05). For highly myopic cataract patients, modern IOL formulas demonstrated superior accuracy compared to traditional formulas. The accuracy was predominantly influenced by axial length, with keratometry and anterior chamber depth playing minor roles. The Hoffer QST and Pearl-DGS formulas, in particular, showed consistent and stable performance.

This study investigated the effects of phacoemulsification combined with capsular tension ring (CTR) implantation on the central macular thickness (CMT) and intraocular lens (IOL) tilt in highly myopic eyes with cataract at 3 months postoperatively. A retrospective study analyzed 169 highly myopic eyes from 91 cataract patients, divided into two groups: the CTR group (47 patients, 86 eyes) underwent phacoemulsification with CTR implantation, and the control group (44 patients, 83 eyes) underwent phacoemulsification alone. Patients were further stratified by axial length (AL) into two subgroups: 26 mm ≤ AL <30 mm and AL ≥ 30 mm. Postoperative outcomes, including refractive prediction error (RPE), CMT changes, IOL tilt, and decentration, were assessed at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. Visual acuity was quantified using logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR). In accordance with the principle that a higher LogMAR value indicates poorer vision, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved significantly in both groups compared with preoperative levels at 1 week (0.14 ± 0.23 vs. 0.29 ± 0.44), 1 month (0.14 ± 0.30 vs. 0.25 ± 0.38), and 3 months (0.11 ± 0.21 vs. 0.24 ± 0.39) postoperatively (p < 0.05). Notably, BCVA in the subgroup with AL of 26 mm ≤ AL <30 mm was significantly better than that in the subgroup with AL ≥ 30 mm (p < 0.05). Additionally, no significant difference in RPE was observed between the two groups at any of the three time points (all p > 0.05). However, although IOL position (tilt and decentration) did not differ significantly between groups at 1 or 3 months overall, the CTR subgroup with 26 mm ≤ AL <30 mm exhibited greater IOL tilt (5.275 ± 3.708°) than the control subgroup (3.846 ± 2.262°) at 3 months (p = 0.021). Similarly, while no overall intergroup difference in CMT was detected across time points, the CTR subgroup with 26 mm ≤ AL <30 mm showed a significantly greater mean CMT change (8.831 ± 27.656 μm) compared with the control subgroup (−4.270 ± 32.486 μm) at 1 week (p = 0.046). CTR implantation during phacoemulsification poses a potential risk in high myopia patients, particularly those with axial lengths between 26 mm and 30 mm, by increasing both CMT and IOL tilt.

To evaluate the agreement and clinical interchangeability of anterior segment parameters measured by Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography (SS-OCT, IOL Master 700) and Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam HR) across a continuous spectrum of axial lengths (AL). This retrospective study consecutively included 294 cataract patients (294 eyes) divided into six AL subgroups. Central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), white-to-white (WTW) distance, and mean keratometry (Km) were measured under undilated conditions by a single technician. Relative reliability was evaluated using Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC). Absolute agreement was analyzed using Bland-Altman limits of agreement (LoA) and compared against predefined clinical tolerance thresholds. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine whether inter-device measurement discrepancies (Δ) varied systematically across AL subgroups. Relative reliability was excellent for ACD, CCT, and Km (ICCs > 0.88), but moderate for WTW (ICC = 0.641). Bland-Altman analysis revealed consistent systematic differences. The 95

Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) develops when residual lens epithelial cells (LECs) proliferate, migrate, and undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) after cataract surgery. Because mitochondrial dysfunction may promote EMT-associated cellular remodeling, modulation of mitochondrial quality control could provide a complementary strategy for PCO prevention. Lycopene (LYC) is a natural antioxidant capable of regulating mitochondrial homeostasis. Here, we developed a microfluidic-engineered LYC-eluting intraocular lens (IOL) modified with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-shelled LYC-loaded liposome-core nanoparticles (LYC@Lip@PLGA-IOL). This dual-encapsulation design improved LYC formulation stability, reduced the initial burst release, and enabled sustained LYC release over a 14-day period in vitro. In SRA01/04 lens epithelial cells, LYC attenuated PI3K/AKT activation, activated mitophagy, restored mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and consequently inhibited EMT and migration. In a rabbit PCO model, LYC@Lip@PLGA-IOL reduced posterior capsule opacity, capsular thickening, and EMT-associated fibrotic remodeling, while exhibiting favorable ocular and systemic biocompatibility over 28 days. These findings support sustained local delivery of LYC as a mitophagy-activating strategy for restoring mitochondrial homeostasis and preventing PCO.

ObjectiveTo analyze and compare the accuracy of different intraocular lens power calculation formulas in patients with cataract after radial keratotomy.MethodsWeb of Science, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and PubMed were searched for clinical studies published from the establishment of the database to 10th May 2024. Measurements were taken as percentage of eyes of prediction errors within ±0.5 D and ±1.0 D. A network meta-analysis was utilized to compare the different formulas as a way to identify the most advantageous ones.ResultsResults from 11 studies of 674 eyes after radial keratotomy that used 24 formulas were included. A network meta-analysis indicated that for error within the range of ± 0.5 D, Barrett true-K History and Barrett true-K Partial History were better than Double-K Holladay 1. Intraoperative Aberrometry, Double-K SRK/T, Haigis and Barrett true-K No History performed as well or better than Double-K Holladay 1. Shammas No History and Holladay 1 had poor performance. For error within the range of ±1.0 D, Shammas No History and Barrett Universal II had poor performance. No statistically significant difference was observed between the other formulas.ConclusionsFor cataract patients after radial keratotomy, Barrett true-K History and Barrett true-K Partial History were recommended if the prior medical history were available. Otherwise, no single formula is more advantageous without reference to prior medical history.

To compare the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas in cataract patients with keratoconus (KC). This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis statementand and was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024568997). Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE were searched for retrospective and prospective clinical studies published until October 2024. The outcome measurement was the percentage of eyes with a predicted error (PE) within ± 0.50 or ± 1.00 diopter (D). The study have nine retrospective clinical trials, involving a total of 637 eyes and 18 calculation formulas. According to the ranking based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve by Bayesian method, the top three formulas were Barrett True-K formula for keratoconus predicted posterior corneal astigmatism (Barrett KC P-PCA), EVO2.0, and Barrett True-K formula for keratoconus measured posterior corneal astigmatism (Barrett KC M-PCA) on the percentage of PE within ± 0.50 D, and the comparison between the three formulas and Barrett Universal II formula has statistical significance. In the range of ± 1.00D, the top three formulas were Barrett KC P-PCA, Barrett KC M-PCA and Kane for keratoconus formula, and the difference was significant. Thereforewe recommend using the Barrett KC P-PCA formula and the Barrett KC M-PCA formula for calculating IOL power in cataract patients with KC. This study revealed that the KC-specific IOL formulas, notably the Barrett KC P-PCA and Barrett KC M-PCA formulas, demonstrated superior accuracy. In clinical practice, when managing patients with different degrees of KC, surgeons should take into account the individual characteristics of each patient and adopt multiple formulas to improve the accuracy of refractive prediction.

To systematically assess and compare the accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) -based intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas with traditional IOL formulas in patients with short eye length. A systematic review and network meta-analysis. We performed an exhaustive search of the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases to identify relevant studies published until February 2024. The extracted data comprised the mean absolute error (MAE) and the percentage of eyes with refractive prediction errors (PE) within ± 0.50 and ± 1.00 diopters (D). Network meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3 and StataSE 16.0. A network meta-analysis of 21 formulas was carried out in 10 studies, including 756 eyes with axial length (AL) < 22 mm. The results showed that the top AI-based formula was Pearl-DGS. For the percentage of eyes with PE within ± 0.50 D, the Pearl-DGS formula demonstrated the highest accuracy. In terms of the percentage of eyes with PE within ± 1.00 D, the FullMonte IOL formula performed poorly, and no significant differences were observed among the other formulas. The Pearl-DGS formula emerged as the leading AI-based method for determining IOL power in patients with short eye lengths, demonstrating superior accuracy compared to conventional vergence formulas.

Glucocorticoids (GCs) remain a cornerstone therapy for noninfectious uveitis and autoimmune disorders; however, chronic administration is strongly associated with sight-threatening complications, particularly glucocorticoid-induced cataracts (GIC). This comprehensive review synthesizes current evidence on the molecular pathogenesis, epidemiological patterns, and clinical management of GIC. Epidemiological analyses indicate that over 50% of patients receiving systemic corticosteroids for >60 days develop ocular complications, with cataract formation (36%) and glaucoma (16%) representing the predominant sequelae. Histopathologically, GIC manifests as posterior subcapsular opacities, mechanistically linked to oxidative stress, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), vimentin dysregulation, Na+/K+-ATPase inhibition, apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Risk stratification models identify cumulative GC dose (>20,000 mg/m² prednisolone equivalents), treatment duration (>6 months), and administration route (oral > topical > intravitreal) as critical determinants of cataractogenesis. Although early-stage GIC is clinically silent, progressive opacification leads to debilitating visual acuity loss, photophobia, and impaired quality of life. Current interventions encompass antioxidants, molecular targeting strategies, advanced drug delivery systems, and glucocorticoid-sparing agents. Through systematic integration of epidemiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutic advances, we aim to resolve the GC therapeutic paradox and provide robust frameworks for future clinical management.

Purpose:To evaluate the visual outcomes and complication rates of cataract surgery in high myopic patients through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods:Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases to identify studies reporting on cataract surgery outcomes in highly myopic patients. Eight studies, involving 1,996 patients (2,826 eyes), were included in the meta-analysis. Data on pre- and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraoperative and postoperative complications, and study characteristics were extracted. Random-effects models were used to calculate pooled estimates due to significant heterogeneity among studies. Results:Cataract surgery significantly improved BCVA in high myopic patients, with an average improvement of -1.72 logMAR units (95% CI: -2.37 to -1.06). Substantial heterogeneity was observed across studies (I² = 84.4%, 95% CI: 65.2%-93.1%). Intraoperative and postoperative complications occurred at the following pooled incidences: transient intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation 13.03% (95% CI, 9.59%-17.47%), posterior capsule opacification (PCO) at 12.11% (95% CI, 4.00%-31.30%), cystoid macular edema (CME) at 2.41% (95% CI, 0.84%-6.76%), intraoperative posterior capsule rupture (PCR) at 2.01% (95% CI, 0.89%-4.44%), retinal detachment (RD) at 1.97% (95% CI, 1.21%-3.21%), retinal breaks at 1.89% (95% CI, 0.85%-4.14%) and intraocular lens (IOL) dislocation at 0.67% (95% CI, 0.21%-2.04%). Conclusion:Cataract surgery is effective in improving vision in highly myopic patients but is associated with a moderate risk of complications. The high heterogeneity among studies underscores the need for standardized methodologies and more comprehensive assessments of ocular health in future research. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing clinical management and enhancing patient counseling.

This study aims to systematically evaluate the consistency of total keratometry (TK) and posterior keratometry (PK) measurements obtained by the IOL Master 700 and Pentacam in cataract patients with varying axial lengths (AL). A total of 240 cataract patients (240 eyes) were recruited from Beijing Tongren Hospital between February and April 2025. Participants were categorized into six groups based on AL: < 22 mm, 22–24 mm, 24–26 mm, 26–28 mm, 28–30 mm, and ≥ 30 mm. All patients underwent preoperative examinations using the IOL Master 700 and Pentacam systems to obtain measurements of TK and PK. The paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test was employed to evaluate intergroup differences. The Bland–Altman analysis was conducted to assess the 95

Purpose. To observe the relationship between myopia progression and changes in retinal thickness during one year of follow-up among primary school children. Methods. The study included 1161 eyes of 708 myopic children, with 616 (53.06%) right eyes and 545 (46.94%) left eyes. The participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including visual acuity, axial length (AL), autorefraction, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination in 2016 and in 2017. An analysis was conducted on the differences in retinal thickness between different genders and between high myopia and nonhigh myopia. Furthermore, the study delved into the correlation between the progression of myopia and the changes of retinal thickness. Results. The average diopter was -1.83 +/- 1.29D, average AL was 23.78 +/- 0.94 mm, and average foveal thickness was 228.02 +/- 23.00 mu m. For the inner retina, the median value [the lower quartile value, the upper quartile value] of the foveal thickness was thicker in the high myopia group than the nonhigh myopia group (67 [64; 74] mu m vs. 63 [56; 70] mu m), while the parafoveal region and perifoveal region were thinner in the high myopia group than the nonhigh myopia group (106 [100; 123] mu m vs. 124 [117; 130] mu m; 95.0 [93; 102] mu m vs. 104 [100; 108] mu m). Among all the children with myopia, 67.53% (784/1161) of them have a diopter progression within one year. The AL progression was 95.43% (1108/1161). The retinal thickness of all children has slightly increased in various regions. As the AL of the eye increased and the diopter decreased, the progression degree of inner retinal thickness and full retinal thickness (exclusive of full fovea) decreased. Conclusion. For the school-age myopic children, the inner foveal retinal thickness were thicker in highly myopic students than in the nonhighly myopic students, while the parafoveal and perifoveal retina were thinner in highly myopic students. The inner and full retinal thicknesses of male students were thicker than that of females. The progression of myopia mainly affected the changes of the inner retinal thickness in the one-year follow-up.

Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is the most common postoperative complication of cataract surgery. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lens epithelial cells (LECs) that is proven to induce PCO formation in clinical and experimental studies. In this study, CRISPR sequences targeting exon of TGF-βRII were knocked out with lentiviral transfection in LECs. Rabbits' PCO model was established and recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) for transferring the gRNA of TGF βRII were intravitreally injected. SgRNA inhibited TGF-βRII expression and human LECs proliferation. In TGF-βRII knockout group, LECs motility and migration were suppressed, N-cadherin and vimentin expressions were significantly decreased, whereas E-cadherin was increased. The animal model showed that TGF-βRII knockout in vivo was effective in suppressing PCO. The current study suggested that the CRISPR/Cas9 endonuclease system could suppress TGF-βRII secretion, which participates in the EMT procedure of LECs in vitro and PCO in vivo. These findings might provide a new gene-editing approach and insight into a novel therapeutic strategy for PCO.

Objective This study aims to examine the characteristics and influencing factors of crystalline lens tilt and decentration in ultra-high myopic cataract patients, as measured by the CASIA2. Methods and Analysis 60 eyes scheduled for cataract surgery with an axial length (AL) ≥ 28 mm were included. The IOLMaster700 was utilized to measure AL and the white-to-white (WTW) distance. The CASIA2 was employed to measure front curvature radius (FCR), crystalline lens tilt, and crystalline lens decentration. The relationships between lens tilt, decentration, and related factors were evaluated. Results The degree of lens tilt was 4.62 ± 2.44°, and the decentration was 0.20 (Q1 0.13, Q3 0.28) mm. Among the 60 eyes, 11 (18.3%) had a tilt ≥7°, and 6 (10%) had a decentratiolens tilt ≥7° ( P = 0.038, P = 0.018). Eyes with AL >30.00 mm and FCR <8.45 mm had a higher degree of lens tilt. Additionally, a tilt ≥7° was associated with a greater decentration ( P = 0.032), n. Conclusion Preoperative crystalline lenses in eyes with ultra-high myopia and cataract exhibit certain degrees of tilt and decentration. An AL >30 mm is a risk factor for a lens tilt ≥7° and an decentration ≥0.4 mm. An FCR <8.45 mm is a risk factor for increased lens tilt, and a tilt ≥7° is a risk factor for increased lens decentrati ≥ 0.4 mm. An increase in AL and FCR <8.45 mm were risk factors for a and eyes with AL >30.00 mm had a higher degree of decentration ( P = 0.005).

Purpose The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of capsular tension ring (CTR) implantation following cataract surgery on the refractive outcomes of patients with extreme high axial myopia. Methods Sixty eyes (with an axial length of ≥26 mm) were retrospectively reviewed and classified into two groups: CTR group ( n = 30), which underwent CTR implantation following phacoemulsification, and control group ( n = 30), which did not undergo CTR implantation. Intraocular lens (IOL) calculation was performed using Barrett Universal II (UII), Haigis, and SRK/T formulas. The refractive prediction error (PE) was calculated by subtracting the postoperative refraction from predicted refraction. The mean PE (MPE), mean absolute error (MAE), and percentages of eyes that had a PE of ±0.25, ±0.50, ±1.00, or ±2.00 diopters (D) were calculated and compared. Results No significant differences were observed in PE between the two groups. The Barrett UII formula revealed a lower AE in the CTR group than in the control group ( p = 0.015) and a lower AE than the other two formulas (p = 0.0000) in both groups. The Barrett UII formula achieved the highest percentage of eyes with a PE of ±0.25 D (66.67%). Conclusions The refractive outcomes were more accurate in eyes with CTR implantation than in those with routine phacoemulsification based on the Barrett UII formula. The Barrett UII formula was recommended as the appropriate formula when planning CTR implantation in high myopia.

Posterior cataract (PCO) is the main complication after extracapsular cataract extraction and phacoemulsification. It has demonstrated that residual lens epithelial cell epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) after surgery is the main cause of PCO formation, and its pathogenesis involves the involvement of numerous signaling pathways, cytokines, growth factors, proteases, and integrins. The existing methods for preventing and controlling PCO include laser therapy, drug therapy, modification of intraocular lens (IOL) materials, and gene therapy. The current pathogenesis and prevention and control measures of posterior cataract were reviewed in this paper.

Abstract Purpose To compare the accuracy of three intraocular lens (IOL) formulas in Chinese cataract patients with prior radial keratotomy (RK). Methods Medical records of cataract patients with prior RK at Beijing Tongren Hospital were retrospectively analysed. The absolute error (AE) was calculated as the absolute difference between the actual postoperative spherical equivalent and the predicted spherical equivalent. The AE and percentages of eyes with AE within 0.5D, 1.0D, and 2.0D for three formulas [Barrett True-K, Holladay 1 (D–K), Haigis] were calculated and compared. Results Forty-seven eyes of 28 cataract patients were included. The Median AE (MedAE) was significantly different among the three formulas (P < 0.001). The MedAE was lowest for the Barrett True-K formula (0.62), followed by the Haigis (0.76), and Holladay 1 (D–K) (1.16). The percentages of eyes with AE within 0.5D, and 1.0D were significantly different among the 3 formulas (P = 0.009, and P < 0.001). The Barrett True-K formula achieved the highest percentages (46.8%) of eyes with AE within 0.5D. Haigis achieved the highest percentages (70.21%) of eyes with AE within 1.0 D. Conclusions Barrett True-K is the most accurate IOL power calculation formula among the 3 formulas and Haigis is an alternative choice. Considering the relatively lower accuracy of IOL formulas in cataract patients with prior RK, newer and more accurate IOL formulas are desirable.