The light transforming technique of optical fiber is different from the optical system , and the same as the method of transmittance measurement.When we measure the transmittance of the image-carrying optical fiber, we can not use the collimated light, but for the optical system, the collimated light and convergent light can be used for the measurement, as long as the light is not blocked.The light transforming in the optical fiber follows the theory of total reflection, but in the optical system is the law of refraction.We made a lot of research and experiments about the measurement on the image-carrying optical fiber bundle, we got a new transmittance measurement method.This method used for the optical system also.We followed the light transforming principle, developed measurement con-necting equipment which is attached to the spectrograph, constituted a transmittance measurement system for the optical fiber bundle.This method has been completed the measure of small diameter image-carrying optical fiber, the results stay the same as designation, measuring accuracy meet the requirements.

To obtain the nanostructure with stable morphology and a smallest possible size,a nanostructure machining system is established by an Atomic Force Microscopic(AFM)probe combined with a continuous laser.With this method,the study focuses on the near-field enhancement theoretical analysis and simulation when the continuous laser irradiates the AFM probe and the machining performance of this system.Firstly,based on the mechanism of surface plasmon(SP),the Factor of Enhancement Field(FEF),temperature field and the thermal expansion on the probe tip are researched.A nanostructure machining system is set up based on the optical fiber probe to guide the laser to irradiate on the AFM probe.At last,the polyethylene(PE)is chosen as a sample to do the experiment.Experimental results indicate that the size of the processed nanodot is about 200 nm and that of the nanowire is about 30-40 nm.This method shows the proposed probe has simple-structure and inexpensive-cost and could achieve nanostructure machining.

A high-purity ZnGeP2 polycrystalline material was synthesized by two-temperature zone technique. The single crystals with the diameter of 40-50 mm were grown by a vertical Bridgman technique. The possible point defects in the ZnGeP2 crystal and its influence to the near-infrared light transmittance of crystal were investigated via the density functional theory calculation. The results showed that VZn- defects gave the greater optical losses than other point defects. According to the analysis by X-ray diffraction topography, there exist the microdefects, i.e., dislocation, stacking fault, twin boundary, inclusion, etc. It is indicated that the temperature field stability and the growth interface shape are the crucial factors affecting the crystal growth.

Solar simulator is a standard device used for the experiments of solar spectral irradiance in the aerospace and aviation domains.The larger of the irradiance surface,the more attention was placed on the testing of AM0solar simulator with large irradiance surface.We have adopted the reapproved American solar simulation standard to develop the study about the testing method of solar simulator with large irradiance surface combined with matured testing experiences these years.The study achievements have been applied during the testing of a 1mirradiance diameter AM0solar simulator successfully.But in the future,the irradiance diameter will reach 4mor 6m,the irradiance degree will be dozens of solar standards(AM0,one solar standard equals 1367W/m2),so the study of testing method aiming at AM0solar simulator with large irradiance surface must be started to meet the developing requirements.

To resolve the contradictions between wide Field of View(FOV),large exit pupil and compact,lightweight,a hybrid refractive/diffractive optical system using Free Form Surfaces(FFSs) for a Head Mount Display(HMD) was designed.The dispersion characteristics of diffractive elements were used to correct the chromatic aberration,and the appropriate types of FFS were selected to correct the off-axial aberrations(astigmatism,coma and distortion).Furthermore,the FFS prism was made of plastic materials to form an optical structure without rotational symmetry to achieve compact and easy to align functions.Obtained optical system can offer the eye relief of 17.4 mm,exit pupil of 4 mm and the FOV of 55°.Moreover,the RMS diameters of spot diagram are less than 30 μm,the MTF are higher than 0.1 at the spatial frequency of 30 lp/mm across the entire visual field,and the maximum distortion is less than 10%.Experimental results indicate that the optical system has perfect performance and can meet the demands of eyepieces for aberration characteristics.

For the low contrast target acquisition test of the electro-optical equipment,a new method is proposed by using a contrast adjustable infinite distance target.The design of a contrast gradient adjustable optics infinite distance target device is introduced.This equipment may simulate the sky background luminance and a weak target in this background.It uses two integration spheres to simulate the background and target brightness independently.The collimating lens is installed in background integration sphere,target and its background become an infinite source.There were inner and outer light sources for integration sphere illumination.In the outer light source,a collimator was installed.It made parallel beam incident into the integration sphere.The size of the incident parallel beam was controlled by using diaphragm adjusting lever.This method didn't change color temperature,but luminance could be different.So background and target luminance became continuously adjustable under color temperature unchanged.The target contrast could change continuously,the range of variation is 0～90%,the contrast stability is better than 1%,the biggest background luminance exceeds 60 W/m2sr.

The influence of object-system distance as well as the difference between the values of the object-system distance under calibration and real work conditions on accuracy of non-contact temperature measurement with Un-cooled IR thermal imaging system was investigated.When the object-system distance changed from 3 to 10 meter,the temperature measured had great change.For the distance changed from 10 meter to infinity,the temperature measured had no change.The method of eliminating the influence of the distance on the measurement results was proposed.

1引言 绿色照明光源节能灯属低压水银荧光灯,灯内需注入足量水银.注汞方法一般有两种,其核心部分是医用注射器或注射器原理的注汞器.节能灯不同于日光灯,灯管细,直径Ф在11.7 mm～12.3 mm,注汞玻管还要细,直径Ф在2.5 mm～2.8 mm,管内孔直径Ф在1.5 mm～2.0 mm,因此,采用医用注射器(针头直径Ф在0.8 mm～1.0 mm)注汞目前还比较适用.